Cardiovascular Flashcards
What drug besides aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone and eplerenone) are able to improve hypokalemia?
Drugs that block Na channels in the cortical collecting tubules
*amiloride and triamterene*
Review the PV loops and know points
What artery supplies V1, 2 and 3 on an EKG?
LAD
Which vasculitidie is associated with hep B?
Polyarteritis nodosa
What are the s/s of polyartertitis nodosa?
constitutional sx
necrotizing lesions
HTN
polyneuropathy
skin lesions
GI issues
What pediatric infection is characterized by a descending rash preceded by a very high fever (40’C)?
Roseola (HHV 6-dsdna virus)
The drug to treat Sickle Cell Disease is what
What is a common concerning side effect?
Hydroxyurea
Myelosuppresion
What are the s/s of acute intermittent porphyria and what can trigger sx?
ETOH can trigger abdominal pain, polyneuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, and dark urine
What is characteristic of an ebstein anomaly?
what drug is this associated with?
Downward displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle
Associated with lithium use
which test can be used to assess for thoracic outlet syndrome?
Adson’s test (also can do Wright’s)
Describe the findings of a Mobitz type I AV block?
PR interval will get longer and longer before a beat is dropped
Peripheral vascular disease, characterized by claudication in the lower extremities, is typically caused by what vessel?
Arteries (not veins) and often is popliteal artery, but that is confirmed by the presence/absence of pulses
What test can confirm the diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease?
Hemeglobin electrophoresis
Acute pulmonary edema can be treated with a loop diuretic. What is a concerning side effect?
Ototoxicity
What is the differentiating factor between Eisenmenger Syndrome and VSD?
VSD alone isn’t enough to cause cyanosis.
What are some s/s of Eisenmenger Syndrome?
- Fatigue, shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion. cyanotic skin and mucous membranes,
- jugular venous distension, 1+ bilateral lower extremity dependent pitting edema, and
- fingernails appearing to curve over his fingertips.
- holosystolic murmur at the left upper sternal border.
- CT of the chest reveals a severely dilated right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
Kartagner syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis present very similar except for what thing??
Situs inversus (ex: PMI on the right instead of the left)
What is the MOA of NTG?
activates myosin light chain phosphatase
In an aortic rupture, what are the layers that are torn between?
tear between the tunica intima and tunica media
What type of cardiomyopathy can develop from hemechromatosis?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
s/s of hemachromatosis include fatigue, polyuria/polydipsia, liver failureand skin hyperpigmentation
Myxomas can present with what findings and cause what complication?
present with fever, weight loss, night sweats, murmur
can cause embolic stroke
*Murmur can change with body positioning
How do you differentiate between type IIA and IIb familial dyslipidemia?
Based on the lab values (high total cholesterol, high low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), all others normal) and the family history, the child most likely has Type IIa dyslipidemia also known as familial hypercholesterolemia, which exhibits elevated total cholesterol and LDL-C but normal triglyceride levels. The normal triglyceride levels distinguish this from Tyle IIb dyslipidemia.
What are the iron study findings in iron deficient anemia?
Decreased serum iron
Increased serum transferrin
Increased total iron binding capacity
Decreased transferrin saturation
Decreased serum ferritin
How does aplastic crisis present?
constitutional symptoms
low hgb, hct, wbc, and ret.
can be due to parvo b19
What is the treatment for Serotonin syndrome?
What is the treatment for NMS?
Cyproheptidate
Dantrolene
Acute chest syndrome in a patient with sickle cell disease will have what abnormal findings?
abnormal cbc with peripheral smear
(normal EKG and normal troponin)
what is the MOA of heparin?
potentiates the action of antithrombin III
Clozapine, which is used to treat schizophrenia, has what MOA and what concerning side effect?
MOA: antagonism of serotonin 2A and dopamine type 2 receptors.
SE: Agranulocytosis
What does the PV loop of systolic (HFrEF) heart failure look like?
Pt’s with CLL are at risk for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia which has what characteristic finding in blood smears?
Spherocytes
Carcinoid syndrome includes what s/s?
flushing
diarrhea
wheezing
tricuspid regurgitation
What s/s can indicate aortic stenosis?
how is it confrimed?
syncope
dyspnea on exertion
agina
crescendo-decrescendo murmur at 2nd RICS with single S2
Echo
Which complement protien is required for neutrophil chemotaxis?
C5a
What drug can help with angina, but worsen COPD?
B-blockers
Why does BP and HR increase after exercise?
a local increase in PCO2 increases blood flow to the muscles
What is the anatomy of the umbilical cord?
2 umbilical arteries arising from the internal iliac artery and 1 umbilical vein
a1-blockers have what concerning side effect?
first dose orthostatic hypotension
What antihypertensive is good for diabetics to help delay nephropathy?
ACE inhibitors (captopril)
What does mitral stenosis sound like?
What s/s can come with it?
low pitched decrescendo diastolic murmur with opening snap
dyspnea, lung crackles, hemoptysis
What is the unique EKG finding for WPW?
delta wave rapidly follows the atrial activation and is caused by an accessory electrical pathway
What lipid lowering agent has these side effects: flushing and puritic rash?
Niacin
Learn Eisenmenger Syndrome dummy!
This patient most likely has Eisenmenger syndrome, as indicated by her dyspnea, cyanosis, and pulmonary hypertension. This syndrome is caused by reversal of blood flow through an uncorrected systemic-to-pulmonary communication, such as an atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), or patent ductus arteriosus. The patient’s examination reveals a fixed split S2, indicative of ASD. The most common cause of ASD is failure of closure of the ostium secundum.
