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Stuff I Get Wrong > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What drug besides aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone and eplerenone) are able to improve hypokalemia?

A

Drugs that block Na channels in the cortical collecting tubules

*amiloride and triamterene*

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2
Q

Review the PV loops and know points

A
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3
Q

What artery supplies V1, 2 and 3 on an EKG?

A

LAD

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4
Q

Which vasculitidie is associated with hep B?

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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5
Q

What are the s/s of polyartertitis nodosa?

A

constitutional sx

necrotizing lesions

HTN

polyneuropathy

skin lesions

GI issues

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6
Q

What pediatric infection is characterized by a descending rash preceded by a very high fever (40’C)?

A

Roseola (HHV 6-dsdna virus)

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7
Q

The drug to treat Sickle Cell Disease is what

What is a common concerning side effect?

A

Hydroxyurea

Myelosuppresion

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8
Q

What are the s/s of acute intermittent porphyria and what can trigger sx?

A

ETOH can trigger abdominal pain, polyneuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, and dark urine

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9
Q

What is characteristic of an ebstein anomaly?

what drug is this associated with?

A

Downward displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle

Associated with lithium use

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10
Q

which test can be used to assess for thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Adson’s test (also can do Wright’s)

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11
Q

Describe the findings of a Mobitz type I AV block?

A

PR interval will get longer and longer before a beat is dropped

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12
Q

Peripheral vascular disease, characterized by claudication in the lower extremities, is typically caused by what vessel?

A

Arteries (not veins) and often is popliteal artery, but that is confirmed by the presence/absence of pulses

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13
Q

What test can confirm the diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease?

A

Hemeglobin electrophoresis

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14
Q

Acute pulmonary edema can be treated with a loop diuretic. What is a concerning side effect?

A

Ototoxicity

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15
Q

What is the differentiating factor between Eisenmenger Syndrome and VSD?

A

VSD alone isn’t enough to cause cyanosis.

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16
Q

What are some s/s of Eisenmenger Syndrome?

A
  • Fatigue, shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion. cyanotic skin and mucous membranes,
  • jugular venous distension, 1+ bilateral lower extremity dependent pitting edema, and
  • fingernails appearing to curve over his fingertips.
  • holosystolic murmur at the left upper sternal border.
  • CT of the chest reveals a severely dilated right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
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17
Q

Kartagner syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis present very similar except for what thing??

A

Situs inversus (ex: PMI on the right instead of the left)

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18
Q

What is the MOA of NTG?

A

activates myosin light chain phosphatase

19
Q

In an aortic rupture, what are the layers that are torn between?

A

tear between the tunica intima and tunica media

20
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy can develop from hemechromatosis?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

s/s of hemachromatosis include fatigue, polyuria/polydipsia, liver failureand skin hyperpigmentation

21
Q

Myxomas can present with what findings and cause what complication?

A

present with fever, weight loss, night sweats, murmur

can cause embolic stroke

*Murmur can change with body positioning

22
Q

How do you differentiate between type IIA and IIb familial dyslipidemia?

A

Based on the lab values (high total cholesterol, high low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), all others normal) and the family history, the child most likely has Type IIa dyslipidemia also known as familial hypercholesterolemia, which exhibits elevated total cholesterol and LDL-C but normal triglyceride levels. The normal triglyceride levels distinguish this from Tyle IIb dyslipidemia.

23
Q

What are the iron study findings in iron deficient anemia?

A

Decreased serum iron

Increased serum transferrin

Increased total iron binding capacity

Decreased transferrin saturation

Decreased serum ferritin

24
Q

How does aplastic crisis present?

A

constitutional symptoms

low hgb, hct, wbc, and ret.

can be due to parvo b19

25
Q

What is the treatment for Serotonin syndrome?

What is the treatment for NMS?

A

Cyproheptidate

Dantrolene

26
Q

Acute chest syndrome in a patient with sickle cell disease will have what abnormal findings?

A

abnormal cbc with peripheral smear

(normal EKG and normal troponin)

27
Q

what is the MOA of heparin?

A

potentiates the action of antithrombin III

28
Q

Clozapine, which is used to treat schizophrenia, has what MOA and what concerning side effect?

A

MOA: antagonism of serotonin 2A and dopamine type 2 receptors.

SE: Agranulocytosis

29
Q

What does the PV loop of systolic (HFrEF) heart failure look like?

A
30
Q

Pt’s with CLL are at risk for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia which has what characteristic finding in blood smears?

A

Spherocytes

31
Q

Carcinoid syndrome includes what s/s?

A

flushing

diarrhea

wheezing

tricuspid regurgitation

32
Q

What s/s can indicate aortic stenosis?

how is it confrimed?

A

syncope

dyspnea on exertion

agina

crescendo-decrescendo murmur at 2nd RICS with single S2

Echo

33
Q

Which complement protien is required for neutrophil chemotaxis?

A

C5a

34
Q

What drug can help with angina, but worsen COPD?

A

B-blockers

35
Q

Why does BP and HR increase after exercise?

A

a local increase in PCO2 increases blood flow to the muscles

36
Q

What is the anatomy of the umbilical cord?

A

2 umbilical arteries arising from the internal iliac artery and 1 umbilical vein

37
Q

a1-blockers have what concerning side effect?

A

first dose orthostatic hypotension

38
Q

What antihypertensive is good for diabetics to help delay nephropathy?

A

ACE inhibitors (captopril)

39
Q

What does mitral stenosis sound like?

What s/s can come with it?

A

low pitched decrescendo diastolic murmur with opening snap

dyspnea, lung crackles, hemoptysis

40
Q

What is the unique EKG finding for WPW?

A

delta wave rapidly follows the atrial activation and is caused by an accessory electrical pathway

41
Q

What lipid lowering agent has these side effects: flushing and puritic rash?

A

Niacin

42
Q

Learn Eisenmenger Syndrome dummy!

A

This patient most likely has Eisenmenger syndrome, as indicated by her dyspnea, cyanosis, and pulmonary hypertension. This syndrome is caused by reversal of blood flow through an uncorrected systemic-to-pulmonary communication, such as an atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), or patent ductus arteriosus. The patient’s examination reveals a fixed split S2, indicative of ASD. The most common cause of ASD is failure of closure of the ostium secundum.

43
Q
A

Stuff I Get Wrong (34 decks)

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