Cardiovascular Flashcards
What drug besides aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone and eplerenone) are able to improve hypokalemia?
Drugs that block Na channels in the cortical collecting tubules
*amiloride and triamterene*
Review the PV loops and know points
What artery supplies V1, 2 and 3 on an EKG?
LAD
Which vasculitidie is associated with hep B?
Polyarteritis nodosa
What are the s/s of polyartertitis nodosa?
constitutional sx
necrotizing lesions
HTN
polyneuropathy
skin lesions
GI issues
What pediatric infection is characterized by a descending rash preceded by a very high fever (40’C)?
Roseola (HHV 6-dsdna virus)
The drug to treat Sickle Cell Disease is what
What is a common concerning side effect?
Hydroxyurea
Myelosuppresion
What are the s/s of acute intermittent porphyria and what can trigger sx?
ETOH can trigger abdominal pain, polyneuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, and dark urine
What is characteristic of an ebstein anomaly?
what drug is this associated with?
Downward displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle
Associated with lithium use
which test can be used to assess for thoracic outlet syndrome?
Adson’s test (also can do Wright’s)
Describe the findings of a Mobitz type I AV block?
PR interval will get longer and longer before a beat is dropped
Peripheral vascular disease, characterized by claudication in the lower extremities, is typically caused by what vessel?
Arteries (not veins) and often is popliteal artery, but that is confirmed by the presence/absence of pulses
What test can confirm the diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease?
Hemeglobin electrophoresis
Acute pulmonary edema can be treated with a loop diuretic. What is a concerning side effect?
Ototoxicity
What is the differentiating factor between Eisenmenger Syndrome and VSD?
VSD alone isn’t enough to cause cyanosis.
What are some s/s of Eisenmenger Syndrome?
- Fatigue, shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion. cyanotic skin and mucous membranes,
- jugular venous distension, 1+ bilateral lower extremity dependent pitting edema, and
- fingernails appearing to curve over his fingertips.
- holosystolic murmur at the left upper sternal border.
- CT of the chest reveals a severely dilated right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
Kartagner syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis present very similar except for what thing??
Situs inversus (ex: PMI on the right instead of the left)
What is the MOA of NTG?
activates myosin light chain phosphatase
In an aortic rupture, what are the layers that are torn between?
tear between the tunica intima and tunica media
What type of cardiomyopathy can develop from hemechromatosis?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
s/s of hemachromatosis include fatigue, polyuria/polydipsia, liver failureand skin hyperpigmentation
Myxomas can present with what findings and cause what complication?
present with fever, weight loss, night sweats, murmur
can cause embolic stroke
*Murmur can change with body positioning
How do you differentiate between type IIA and IIb familial dyslipidemia?
Based on the lab values (high total cholesterol, high low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), all others normal) and the family history, the child most likely has Type IIa dyslipidemia also known as familial hypercholesterolemia, which exhibits elevated total cholesterol and LDL-C but normal triglyceride levels. The normal triglyceride levels distinguish this from Tyle IIb dyslipidemia.
What are the iron study findings in iron deficient anemia?
Decreased serum iron
Increased serum transferrin
Increased total iron binding capacity
Decreased transferrin saturation
Decreased serum ferritin
How does aplastic crisis present?
constitutional symptoms
low hgb, hct, wbc, and ret.
can be due to parvo b19
