JEFFREY BEZOS

Question 1

down’s syndrome caused by nondisjunction occurs during what meiosis phase?

Answer 1

Meiosis 1

Question 2

the ovarian artery, vein, lyphatics are located where?

Answer 2

in the suspensory ligameent of the ovaria (infundibulopelvic L.)

Question 3

injury to the sacral spinal nerves could cause what?

Answer 3

distal colon stool retention, fecal inconitnence, weak sphingter

Question 4

all mycoplasma species lack what?

Answer 4

peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 5

testicular germ cell tumors which secrete____ can cause gynceomastia by what mechanims?

Answer 5

hcg

impaired testosterone production and increased aromitization of leydig cells

Question 6

remember that exudates will have high

Answer 6

protein or LDH

not triglycerides (chylothorax transudates could tho)

Question 7

the deficency in AIP is

as a result, ___ can be upregulated, espeically with CYP inducers, ETOH, or smoking, which causes the abdominal pain and other sx

Treatment is ___

Answer 7

Porphobilinogen deaminase

ALA synthetase

glucose or hemin which inhibit ALA synthetase atviy, reducing sx

Question 8

what is the moa of Ziduvodine

Answer 8

NRTI

thymidine analogue lacking 3’ OH group causing chain termiantion

Question 9

ehich TB drug causes optic neuropathy?

Answer 9

EThambutol

EFFECts the EYES

Question 10

tap protines involved in

Answer 10

MCH1

Question 11

positive s100 and HMB45 means

Answer 11

melanoma

s100 is on cells from NCC lineage (including melanocytes)

there are 100s of melanocytes in melanoma

Question 12

persitent bronchial dilation aka ___ is asox with ___

Answer 12

bronchiectasis

kartagner syndrome (not pancreatic insuff which is CF)

Question 13

overexpression of HER2 is more/less aggressive than ER+ or PR+?

Answer 13

More aggressive, tx with trazuuzumab

Question 14

5a reductase inhibitors do what? (finasteride)

Answer 14

decrease conversion of T to DHT, therefore build up of T, less DHT and increase in estradiol

(estradiol increases because extra T gets converted to E)

Question 15

arginine is a precursor to what?

Answer 15

NO

also CRT and UREA

(CUN)

BH4 is required cofactor to make NO

Question 16

enterococcus can cause

Answer 16

endocarditis after GU rpocedures

UTIs

wound infections

grows in 6.5% NaCl and bile

Question 17

licthinase (alpha toxin) in C. perfringens does what?

Answer 17

degrades lecithin, part of the phospholipid bilyaer leading to membrane damage, death and necrosis

Question 18

large AV fistulas can cause what?

which cause what?

Answer 18

decreased SVR

increasd CO and increasd venous return

eventually heart can’t kepe up and heart faulure results

Question 19

what is the major pathogenic contributor to a fib?

Answer 19

atrial remodeling

Question 20

what are two major risk factors of prolonged EPO use?

Answer 20

HTN and thromboembolism

Question 21

what is reactive thrombocytosis?

Answer 21

most common cause of elevated PLT in any age group

high levels of IL6

seen in chronic infection, burns, rheumatologic dz, hemolysis and iron def

Question 22

glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 22

Question 23

Tdt+, youth, mediastinal mass, lots of circulating lymhoblasts

Answer 23

ALL

Question 24

PSGN will have decreased C3 or C4?

Answer 24

C3 decreased

C3PO-PSGN

Question 25

helpful chart on nephrotic syndrome

Answer 25

Question 26

which cells form the atheroma, macrophages or smooth muscle?

Answer 26

smooth muscle

Question 27

do you need a slit lamp to see keiser fiecher rigns?

Answer 27

yes aparantly

Question 28

in chronic lung graft rejection, what will be seen on patholog?

Answer 28

bronchilitis oblitertans

Question 29

what changes are seen post-orchiectomy?

Answer 29

initial drop in T so Leydig cells stimulate LH and testosterone normalizes Sperm count may still be low

Question 30

prolonged QRS can be seen with

Answer 30

class IC antiarrythmics (flecainade)

Question 31

what is the most commmon cause of elevated AFP?

Answer 31

dating errors, tf?

Question 32

Left HF can lead to pulmonary edema causing what?

Answer 32

lungs are stiff and heavy and compliance decreases

Question 33

thiazides cause accumulation of Ca where?

Answer 33

in the blood not the urine, hence why it helps avoid calcium stones becaue Ca in urine makes stones, CA in blood does not make stones

Question 34

help

Answer 34

Question 35

exclusively breast fed infants need what?

Answer 35

vit D babys need size D breasts

Question 36

epinephrine effects

Answer 36

Question 37

nephrotic syndrome is ___ state?

Answer 37

hypercoaguable loss of antithrombin III and other anticoagulant factors is responsible for the thrombic outcomes of neprhotic syndrome

Question 38

what kills people from lightening, burns or arrhythmias

Answer 38

arrhytmias smart ass

Question 39

h pylori where can lead to duodenal uclers

Answer 39

gastric antrum

Question 40

what homrones use zinc fingers?

Answer 40

thyroid, steroid, ADEK

Question 41

order of stabbs

Answer 41

Question 42

painful tender firm uterus with vaginal bleeding and no hx of c/s

Answer 42

placental abrutpiont if hx of c/s and sketchy fetal HS probably uterine rupture

Question 43

what is a common electorlyte aberation of TMP SMX?

Answer 43

hyperkalemia

Question 44

HY CO poisoning

Answer 44

Question 45

high altitude sickness

Answer 45

Question 46

does demyleination decrease lenght (space) constant or temporal summation?dec

Answer 46

decreases length constant (in MS)

Question 47

sorbitol is converted to

Answer 47

fructose

Question 48

acellular pink material in alveoli

Answer 48

pulmonary edema

Question 49

what cells line a glial scar?

Answer 49

astrocytes

Question 50

what abortive drug acts as a partia progesterone agonist in pregnancty

Answer 50

mifeprostone

Question 51

mesotheliomas stain positive for

Answer 51

cytokeratins and maybe calretinin

Question 52

mtDNA dz effect family members differently becayse if

Answer 52

heteroplasmy

Question 53

what is the round mass made of in pyloric stenosis?

Answer 53

smooth muscle proliferation

Question 54

draw this

Answer 54