Respiratory Flashcards
Which TB medication commonly causes gout as a side effect?
Pyrazinamide
How does comlex like to tell you that the pt has TB based on micro?
Sputum sample showing acid-fast bacilli (cell wall resistant to decolorization with acid alcohol)
Which TB drug can lead to color blindness?
Ethambutol (optic neuritits)
What is the MOA of ethambutol?
inhibits arbinosyl transferase to stop cell wall formation
Which TB drug can cause peripheral neuropathy?
Isoniazid
What does surfactant do????
Surfactant decreases alveolar surface tension and decreases atelectasis. Lack of surfactant as seen in RDS causes increased alveolar surface tension, leading to a propensity of the alveoli to collapse and makes decreased alveolar surface tension an incorrect answer.
In RDS, the lungs may by hypoventilated, leading to what finding?
pulmonary vasoconstriciton which may lead to pulmonary HTN
What cell will host the Histoplasma fungus?
Macrophages
Which size alveoli have a higher propensity for collapse?
Smaller are more likely to collapse than larger
What may occur in the first 48 hours at high elevation in the unacclimated person?
Respiratory alkalosis
Nocardia asteroides is an acid fast positive bacilli that looks like what?
how is it treated?
TMP-SMX
What does albuterol do to the levels of cAMP in the cells?
increases level of cAMP in smooth muscles leading to smooth muscle relaxation
What sort of damage does smoking do in the lungs?
progressive alveolar damage via increasing oxidants in the tissue
Which lung cancer can elaborate PTHrP and cause hypercalcemia?
Squamous cell lung carcinoma
What disease can OSA lead to?
Pulmonary hypertension
Which B vitamin should be supplemented in patients on Isoniazid?
B6 (pyridoxine)
*will present with weakness if depleted
What may be seen in the fluid of a chylothorax?
elevated triglycerides
What IL activates CD8 cells?
IL 2
Which acid-base disturbance is likely to be found in a patient with emphysema?
Acidosis
In patients with anxiety who are hyperventilating, what type of acid-base disturbance may occur
?
Respiratory alkalosis
(reduced arterial CO2 and increased pH)
what are two features of the gram + diplococci with a lancet shape that is a common cause of pneumonia
strep pneumonia
a hemolytic and optochin sensitive
What lab value may be abnormal in those with OSA?
abnormal CBC, due to elevated EPO from hypoxia. can lead to erythrocytosis
Resorption atelectasis can happen post cholecystectomy. What do the xray findings look like?
Patients with resorption atelectasis have both an ipsilateral diaphragm elevation and ipsilateral tracheal deviation due to lung collapse.
What vertebra level is the angle of louis and what important structure is there?
T4, bifourcation of the carina
