Respiratory

Question 1

Which TB medication commonly causes gout as a side effect?

Answer 1

Pyrazinamide

Question 2

How does comlex like to tell you that the pt has TB based on micro?

Answer 2

Sputum sample showing acid-fast bacilli (cell wall resistant to decolorization with acid alcohol)

Question 3

Which TB drug can lead to color blindness?

Answer 3

Ethambutol (optic neuritits)

Question 4

What is the MOA of ethambutol?

Answer 4

inhibits arbinosyl transferase to stop cell wall formation

Question 5

Which TB drug can cause peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 5

Isoniazid

Question 6

What does surfactant do????

Answer 6

Surfactant decreases alveolar surface tension and decreases atelectasis. Lack of surfactant as seen in RDS causes increased alveolar surface tension, leading to a propensity of the alveoli to collapse and makes decreased alveolar surface tension an incorrect answer.

Question 7

In RDS, the lungs may by hypoventilated, leading to what finding?

Answer 7

pulmonary vasoconstriciton which may lead to pulmonary HTN

Question 8

What cell will host the Histoplasma fungus?

Answer 8

Macrophages

Question 9

Which size alveoli have a higher propensity for collapse?

Answer 9

Smaller are more likely to collapse than larger

Question 10

What may occur in the first 48 hours at high elevation in the unacclimated person?

Answer 10

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

Nocardia asteroides is an acid fast positive bacilli that looks like what?

how is it treated?

Answer 11

TMP-SMX

Question 12

What does albuterol do to the levels of cAMP in the cells?

Answer 12

increases level of cAMP in smooth muscles leading to smooth muscle relaxation

Question 13

What sort of damage does smoking do in the lungs?

Answer 13

progressive alveolar damage via increasing oxidants in the tissue

Question 14

Which lung cancer can elaborate PTHrP and cause hypercalcemia?

Answer 14

Squamous cell lung carcinoma

Question 15

What disease can OSA lead to?

Answer 15

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 16

Which B vitamin should be supplemented in patients on Isoniazid?

Answer 16

B6 (pyridoxine)

*will present with weakness if depleted

Question 17

What may be seen in the fluid of a chylothorax?

Answer 17

elevated triglycerides

Question 18

What IL activates CD8 cells?

Answer 18

IL 2

Question 19

Which acid-base disturbance is likely to be found in a patient with emphysema?

Answer 19

Acidosis

Question 20

In patients with anxiety who are hyperventilating, what type of acid-base disturbance may occur

?

Answer 20

Respiratory alkalosis

(reduced arterial CO2 and increased pH)

Question 21

what are two features of the gram + diplococci with a lancet shape that is a common cause of pneumonia

Answer 21

strep pneumonia

a hemolytic and optochin sensitive

Question 22

What lab value may be abnormal in those with OSA?

Answer 22

abnormal CBC, due to elevated EPO from hypoxia. can lead to erythrocytosis

Question 23

Resorption atelectasis can happen post cholecystectomy. What do the xray findings look like?

Answer 23

Patients with resorption atelectasis have both an ipsilateral diaphragm elevation and ipsilateral tracheal deviation due to lung collapse.

Question 24

What vertebra level is the angle of louis and what important structure is there?

Answer 24

T4, bifourcation of the carina

Question 25

What fungus is common in the Mississippi river valley and what are the common findings?

Answer 25

Blastomyces dermatidis

Lung manifestations, verrucus skin lesions

looks like kissing circles on histo..

Question 26

Treatment for COPD using steroids can cause what WBC change?

Answer 26

neutrophilic leukocytosis due to demargination of neutrophils

Question 27

What is the procedure and placement for a tension PTX?

Answer 27

Midclavicular needle inserted into the 2nd intercostal space

Question 28

Is cardiac output high or low when someone is in shock due to a PTX?

Answer 28

Low cardiac output

Question 29

What bacteria can grow on a buffred charcoal yeast?

What are associated symptoms?

Answer 29

Legionaires

GI distress (diarrhea)