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Stuff I Get Wrong > General 5 > Flashcards

General 5 Flashcards

1
Q

is bone marrow fibrosis normal with increased age?

A

no, but it does become hypocellular and decrease in mass, more fat

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2
Q

what happens when you give a COPDer oxygen?

A

vasodilation occurs and shunts blood away from well-ventilated areas and increases physiologic dead space, increasing VQ mismatch

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3
Q

are femoral hernias above or below the ingional lig?

A

BELOW because they are near the FEMOR

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4
Q

5 a reductase inhibiotrs, like finasteride, have wht side effects?

what is the MOA?

A

gynecomastia and decreased libido

decrease dihydrotestosterone synthesis

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5
Q

how does simultaneous use of aceteminophen and ethanol decrease hepatoxicity by tylenol?

A

through competitive inhbition by CYP P450 2E1, ethanol can decrease metabolism of NAPQI and therefore decrease NAPQI concentrations

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6
Q

what is the mechanism of tylenol induced hepatotoxicity?

A

depleted glutathione, build up of NAPQI

NAPQI binds with mitochondira

leads to oxidative hepatocellular injury

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7
Q

post-MI, what is a common occurance?

how can this be attenuated (avoided)

A

LV dilation driven by angiotensin II

ACEi

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8
Q

what is the MOA of penicilliminie?

A

increases urinary excretion of Cu

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9
Q

what happens to children exposed to second hand smoke?

A

mucocilliary dysfunction

imparied phagocytosis of alveolar macrophage

immune and inflam cell recruitment

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10
Q

what are teh associated syndromes for small cell lung carcinoma?

A

SIADH

Cushing

Lamber Eaton

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11
Q

know galactose metabolism deficiency

A

notable that galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase makes babies more at risk for e coli sepsis

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12
Q

injury to the membranous urethra (posterior urethra) is assox with what findings?

anterior (spongy) urethral injury is assoxi with

A

pelvic fracture

blood at meatus

high riding boggy prostate

straddle injury

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13
Q

flu vaccine neutralizes __

A

HA

inhibits viral entry into cells

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14
Q

in hirshprungs, would a biopsy of the narrow submucsa portion or dilated portion show absence of neurons

A

narrow portion of the submucosa has an absence of ganglion celsl

(absence of myenteric and aurbacuh)

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15
Q

in unilateral renal artery stenosis, what is the pathology of the stenotic kdiney?

and the normal kidney?

A

tubular atrophy, interstitial ischemia, glomerular crowding,

arteriolar thickening due to hyaline or hyperplastic arteriolarsclerosis

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16
Q

non caseating granulomas in the GI tract may indicate

A

Crhons

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17
Q

Cd55 defienciny-what will you find in the kidney?

A

hemosiderosis due to chronic RBC breakdown and iron depostion

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18
Q

wht is the brain pathology for cerebral palsy?

A

periventricular leukomalacia or necrosis

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19
Q

what has the fastest rate of metabolism in the glycolytic pathway?

A

fructose 1 phostphate because it bypasses PFK1, the rate limiting enzyme

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20
Q

what are neurophysins?

A

carrier proteins for ADH and oxytocin

mutation in them could cause DI

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21
Q

S4?

A

blood FOURced against a stiff ventricle

could mean diastolic dysfunction from LVH

22
Q

is the bladder extraperitoneal?

A

yes

23
Q

what is thyroglobulin?

A

large protein that carries around tyrosine to help make thyroid hormone. if you take exogenous thyroid homrone, thyroglobulin will be low, because no need to make your own TH

24
Q

add to list

A
25
Q

GPCRs help do what?

A

cellular binding/anchoring

26
Q

what drug class is prefered for RLS?

A

D2 agonists, like ropinerole, pramipexole

27
Q

systemic scleroderma risk?

A

lung intersitial fibrosis

sclerosis and skin thickening of the limbs and trunk

28
Q

someone was on an abx and warfarin, and now the inr is super high. why?

A

abx can decrease intestinal flora which are required to make vitamin K and with depleted K, inr can shoot up

metronidazole, flouroquinolones, macrolides

29
Q

what is a lung complication of CREST

A

pulmonary hypertension

30
Q

a monoclonal lymphocytic proliferation in the LN is strongly suggestive of

A

malignancy

31
Q

lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein in CSF, lower extremity asymetric flaccid paralysis, parkonson’s like sx all could mean

A

west nile virus

32
Q

if theyre talking about a squamous cell cancer in the tongue/oropharynx, make sure to think about

A

HPV! RB or TP53

33
Q

what does mitral stenosis look like

A
34
Q

gastric bypass can cause what?

this depletes what?

but increases what?

A

SIBO

most vitamins, B12, D, A, E

but increases K and Folate

35
Q

most cholesterol gallstones are due to what?

A

incraased cholesterol syhnthsis, gallbladder hypomotility, increased Ca or mucin, or decreased bile acid synthesis/recirculation

decreaed bile acid synthesis happens with fibrate use (pt in this stem not on a fibrate) and recirculation issues happen with spinal cord injury, pregnancy or fasting, which did not apply in that stem

36
Q

K excretion

A
37
Q

know this ugh

A
38
Q

what hormones work the same as sildeniafi?

A

ANP and BNP

activate gunayl cyclase and increase conversion of 5’ triphosphate to cGMP

39
Q

B blockers do what to renin

A

decrease renin reelase from the GJ cells

40
Q

neuropathys

A
41
Q

pleitropy is

A

lots of phenotyoe manifestations from one genetic aberation

42
Q

which nucleus is assox with taste?

A

nucleus solitarious

facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus all bring taste to that area

43
Q

pay attention to these labs if you think its ATN

A

FENA >2

BUN:CRT 10:1 or more

will have muddy brown casts and elevated spec gravity

44
Q

what is first line for treating hyperkalemia with EKG changs?

A

calcium gluconate

45
Q

what is gold standard for carpal tunnel diagnosis?

A

EMG/nerve conduction

46
Q

what common drugs can cause AV block?

A

digoxin

CCB

BB

(doxirubicin causes Dilated cardiomyopathy)

47
Q

maintain ductus arteriosus with what

A

prostaglandin analogues

PROSTaglandanins to PROP the DA open

48
Q

posterior sacral positions and treatments

A
49
Q

what are the s/s of anterior spinal cord syndrome?

A

anterior spinal artery compromise

bilateral motor and temp/pain sensory deficits

intact vibratory/pinpont sensation due to preserved DCML

50
Q

whats another drug besides clozapine that can cause agranulocytosis?

A

mirtazipine or carbemaziepibe, methimazole, colchicine, PTU, dapsone, ticlopidine

clozapine can also cause somnolence, myocarditis, Sz

metofrmin-lactivc acidosis in kidney damage, GI upset

lithium-NDI, tremor, hypothyroid, hyperPTH, ebsteins anomaly

valproic acid-elevated LFTs, thrombocytopenia (bleeding), Neural tube defect

Stuff I Get Wrong (34 decks)

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