Renal

Question 1

FSGS will have what histological characteristics?

Answer 1

Effacement of the podocyte foot processes

(most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and associated with HIV)

Question 2

these symtoms are consistent with what diagnosis?

intellectual deficit and a seizure disorder. Seizure frequency is increasing over the past few months. His physical exam reveals hypopigmented macules on his trunk and small growths on his fingernails consistent with fibromas. A recent brain MRI reveals a subependymal astrocytom

Answer 2

Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 3

Which renal tumor is common in tuberous sclerosis?

Answer 3

Angiomyolipoma

Question 4

Diabetic nephropathy causes what distinct change in the glomerulus?

Answer 4

Mesangial Expansion

Question 5

The cyanide-nitroprusside test tests for what?

Answer 5

high levels of urine cysteine (cysteinuria or cysteine stones)

Question 6

will ANP be increased or decreased in Conn Syndrome?

Answer 6

Increased

Question 7

In primary hyperparathyroidism, PTH causes Ca reaborption where along the nephron?

Answer 7

in the distal convoluted tubule

Question 8

In Chronic renal failure, what vitamin d precursor will be elevated?

Answer 8

25-hydroxycholecalciferol

Question 9

Fanoconi’s syndrome can occur after ingestion of what drug and where are the effects?

Answer 9

Tetracycline

PCT

Question 10

A kidney stone causes what pressure change?

Answer 10

increased hydrostatic pressure wihtin bnowmans space

Question 11

In CHF, will Na excretion be increased or decreased?I

Answer 11

Increased

Question 12

What is the best measure of GFR?

Answer 12

Inulin clearance

PAH is for RPF

Question 13

What is the MOA of TMP-SMX?

Answer 13

inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase

Question 14

What is the MOA of Fluconazole?

Answer 14

blocks the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

Question 15

HSP will present after an infection with a rash. What will be seen on micropscopy?

Answer 15

IgA deposits in mesangium

Question 16

When a pt uses an Epi-pen they may have side effects inclduing chest tightness and hypertension. This is due to activation of what receptors?

Answer 16

A1 agonists

Question 17

which BPH drug should be avoided in pregnant women?

Answer 17

Finasteride, a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor

Question 18

Which non-sulfa drug can be used for pyelonephritis and what is it’s MOA?

Answer 18

Cipro

inhibits topoisomerase II and IV

Question 19

What is the MOA of acyclovir?

Answer 19

Inhibits viral DNA ploymerase

Question 20

What is the MOA of Sacrolimus?

Answer 20

Creates a complex with intracellular immunophilins (FKBP) and binds to mTOR inhibiting T-cell proliferation in response to IL-2. This is normally given in conjunction with cyclosporine and corticosteroids after a kidney transplant to suppress organ rejection. This drug can cause hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia

Question 21

What is the mutation in adult polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 21

PKD1/2

Question 22

What risk is posed in a lightbulb facotry?

Answer 22

Mercury

apathy, mood changes, tremor

treat with dimercaperol