Stanford, Binet, And Wecshler Walk Into A Bar Flashcards
What does Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory distinguish between?
A general intellectual factor (g) and numerous specific factors (s)
Spearman’s theory suggests that cognitive task performance is influenced by both general ability and specific skills.
What is Crystallized intelligence (Gc)?
Intelligence that depends on prior learning and experience
Gc is important for tasks requiring application of acquired knowledge and skills.
What is Fluid intelligence (Gf)?
The inherent aspect of intelligence that represents the basic capacity to learn
Gf is crucial for tasks involving concept formation and solving unfamiliar problems.
At what ages does fluid intelligence typically peak?
Between 30 and 40 years of age
Fluid intelligence is reported to decline earlier than crystallized intelligence.
At what ages does crystallized intelligence typically peak?
Between 60 and 70 years of age
The aging process affects crystallized intelligence differently than fluid intelligence.
What are the three strata in Carroll’s Three-Stratum Theory?
Stratum III: general intelligence (g), Stratum II: eight broad abilities, Stratum I: numerous specific abilities
This theory categorizes intelligence into levels, with general intelligence at the highest level.
What does the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory combine?
Elements of the Horn-Cattell and Carroll theories
The CHC theory is often updated based on ongoing research findings.
How many broad cognitive abilities does the CHC theory distinguish?
16 broad cognitive abilities
In addition, there are over 80 narrow cognitive abilities linked to these broad abilities.
What is one application of the CHC theory in testing?
Development of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, 5th Edition
The CHC theory has influenced both new and revised cognitive ability tests.
Which index of the WISC-V assesses crystallized intelligence (Gc)?
The Verbal Comprehension Index
One subtest, Similarities, assesses both crystallized and fluid intelligence.
True or False: The primary subtests of the Fluid Reasoning Index assess crystallized intelligence (Gc).
False
The Fluid Reasoning Index specifically assesses fluid intelligence (Gf).
Fill in the blank: The primary subtests of the ______________ Index assess visual processing (Gv).
Visual Spatial
This index is focused on assessing abilities related to visual perception and processing.
What abilities do the primary subtests of the Working Memory Index assess?
Short-term memory (Gsm)
Working memory plays a crucial role in cognitive functioning.
What do the primary subtests of the Processing Speed Index assess?
Processing speed (Gs)
This index measures how quickly an individual can process information.
What does PASS stand for in Das, Naglieri, and Kirby’s theory of intelligence?
Planning, Attention, Simultaneous processing, Sequential processing
PASS theory is based on the interdependence of these four cognitive functions.
According to Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences, how many intelligences do people possess?
At least nine intelligences
These include linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential.
What are the three components of Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence?
- Analytical intelligence
- Creative intelligence
- Practical intelligence
Each component contributes to achieving personally meaningful life goals.
What phenomenon is described by the Flynn Effect?
IQ scores increased by about 3 points per decade throughout the 20th century
This trend was observed in both developed and developing countries, especially for measures of fluid intelligence.
What is a significant implication of the Flynn Effect for psychologists using IQ tests?
Care must be taken when using IQ tests for educational and legal decisions
The year of testing and test norms can affect a client’s IQ score.
What has recent research indicated about the Flynn Effect in the 21st century?
The Flynn effect has plateaued or reversed in some countries
Some studies show a continuation for certain IQ ranges while a decrease is noted for others.
Fill in the blank: According to Sternberg, traditional intelligence tests primarily focus on _______.
Analytical intelligence
Creative and practical intelligence are often neglected.
True or False: The Flynn Effect suggests that increases in IQ scores are primarily due to genetic factors.
False
Researchers attribute changes in IQ scores to environmental factors due to the rapidity of these changes.
What did Zhou and Zhu (2007) find regarding the Flynn effect in the United States?
Continuation for IQs of 70 to 109, reverse effect for IQs of 110 and above
This indicates a complex relationship between IQ scores and environmental influences.
What is the main focus of analytical intelligence as defined by Sternberg?
Knowledge-acquisition and information-processing skills
These skills are used to analyze, evaluate, and critique information.
List the nine intelligences proposed by Gardner.
- Linguistic
- Musical
- Logical-mathematical
- Spatial
- Bodily-kinesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Naturalistic
- Existential
Each intelligence is mediated by different areas of the brain.
What is the age range for individuals who can be assessed using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, 5th Edition (SB5)?
2 to 85 years of age and older
The SB5 is based on which model of intelligence?
Hierarchical general mental ability (g) model
Name the five cognitive factors assessed by the SB5.
- Fluid Reasoning (Gf)
- Knowledge (Gc)
- Quantitative Reasoning (Gq)
- Visual-Spatial Processing (Gv)
- Working Memory (Gsm)
What does the Fluid Reasoning factor assess?
Fluid intelligence (Gf)
What does the Knowledge factor assess?
Crystallized knowledge (Gc)
What does the Quantitative Reasoning factor assess?
Quantitative knowledge (Gq)
What does the Visual-Spatial Processing factor assess?
Visual processing (Gv)
What does the Working Memory factor assess?
Short-term memory (Gsm)
What are the nonverbal subtests for the Fluid Reasoning factor?
Object Series/Matrices
What are the verbal subtests for the Fluid Reasoning factor?
- Early Reasoning
- Verbal Absurdities
- Verbal Analogies
List the nonverbal subtests for the Knowledge factor.
- Procedural Knowledge
- Picture Absurdities
What is the verbal subtest for the Knowledge factor?
Vocabulary
What are the nonverbal and verbal subtests for Quantitative Reasoning?
- Nonverbal Quantitative Reasoning
- Verbal Quantitative Reasoning
What are the nonverbal subtests for Visual-Spatial Processing?
- Form Board
- Form Patterns
What are the verbal subtests for Visual-Spatial Processing?
Position and Direction
What are the nonverbal subtests for Working Memory?
- Delayed Response
- Block Span
What are the verbal subtests for Working Memory?
- Memory for Sentences
- Last Word
What are the routing subtests used in the administration of the SB5?
- Object Series/Matrices
- Vocabulary
How is the basal level determined during the SB5 administration?
The highest point at which the examinee answers all questions correctly for two consecutive age levels
What is the ceiling level in SB5 testing?
The point at which the examinee misses 75% of the questions at two consecutive age levels
What is the mean and standard deviation for SB5 subtest scores?
Mean of 10 and standard deviation of 3
What is the mean and standard deviation for the composite scores derived from SB5?
Mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15
What does the Full Scale IQ represent in the SB5?
Scores on all of the subtests
What does the Verbal IQ represent in the SB5?
Scores on the verbal domain subtests
What does the Nonverbal IQ represent in the SB5?
Scores on the nonverbal domain subtests
What is the Abbreviated Battery IQ in the SB5?
Scores on the two routing subtests for a quick estimate of cognitive abilities
What is the WAIS-IV?
A measure of intelligence for individuals 16 through 90 years of age.
What model does the WAIS-IV use to assess intelligence?
A hierarchical model of intelligence.
What are the four main indexes of the WAIS-IV?
- Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI)
- Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)
- Working Memory Index (WMI)
- Processing Speed Index (PSI)
List the core subtests for the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI).
- Vocabulary
- Similarities
- Information
What are the supplemental subtests for the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)?
- Figure Weights
- Picture Completion
What is the mean and standard deviation for WAIS-IV subtest scores?
Mean of 10 and standard deviation of 3.
What does the Full Scale IQ score on the WAIS-IV have as its mean and standard deviation?
Mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15.
What is the General Ability Index (GAI) derived from?
Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning Index scores.
For which clinical group does the PSI have the lowest index score according to WAIS-IV?
Probable Alzheimer’s Dementia (Mild).
True or False: The VCI score is significantly higher than the PRI score in individuals with nonverbal learning disability (NVLD).
True.
At what age does the VCI score begin to decline?
About 80 years of age.
What is the classic aging pattern in terms of IQ?
Verbal IQ remains stable while Performance IQ begins to decline around 20 years of age.
What happens to the Working Memory Index (WMI) score as age increases?
Remains stable until about age 60, then declines.
Fill in the blank: The PSI scores begin to decline at about ______ years of age.
30
What does the analysis by Weiss et al. (2013) suggest about the VCI, WMI, and PSI?
They correspond to crystallized intelligence (Gc), short-term memory (Gsm), and processing speed (Gs) respectively.
Which index shows the greatest age-related decline on the WAIS-IV?
Processing Speed Index (PSI).
What characteristic is associated with high functioning autism (HFA) on the WAIS-IV?
A VCI score significantly higher than the PRI score.
What is the purpose of the reverse rule in WAIS-IV administration?
To administer earlier items in reverse order until a perfect score on two consecutive items is obtained.
What does the discontinue rule in WAIS-IV subtests entail?
A designated number of consecutive items scoring zero or a designated period of time.
What does the term ‘classic aging pattern’ refer to?
The difference in age-related changes in Verbal and Performance IQ in adulthood.
What is the significance of the Technical and Interpretive Manual for WAIS-IV?
Provides scores on the WAIS-IV for several clinical groups.
Which group has the highest index score for Major Depressive Disorder according to WAIS-IV?
Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI).
What is a nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) characterized by?
Problems with mathematical concepts, understanding nonverbal communication, and motor coordination.
What is the age range for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th Edition (WISC-V)?
6 through 16 years of age
What does the WISC-V provide in addition to individual subtest scores?
Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) score, five Primary Index Scale scores, optional Ancillary and Complementary Index Scales
List the five Primary Index Scales of the WISC-V.
- Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI)
- Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI)
- Working Memory Index (WMI)
- Visual Spatial Index (VSI)
- Processing Speed Index (PSI)
How many primary subtests are there in the WISC-V?
10 primary subtests
How many primary subtests are needed to calculate the FSIQ in the WISC-V?
Seven primary subtests
What is the purpose of the Ancillary and Complementary Index Scales in the WISC-V?
To obtain additional information about cognitive abilities and assist with the assessment of academic achievement and learning difficulties
For ADHD, what is the lowest and highest WISC-V Index score?
Lowest: PSI, Highest: VCI
For Specific Learning Disorder - Reading, what is the lowest and highest WISC-V Index score?
Lowest: WMI, Highest: VSI
For Autism Spectrum Disorder with Language Impairment, what is the lowest and highest WISC-V Index score?
Lowest: PSI, Highest: FRI
For Autism Spectrum Disorder without Language Impairment, what is the lowest and highest WISC-V Index score?
Lowest: PSI, Highest: VCI
What is the age range for the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence, 4th Edition (WPPSI-IV)?
2 years, 6 months through 7 years, 7 months
What does the WPPSI-IV provide in addition to subtest scores?
Full Scale IQ score, scores on Primary Index Scales, optional Ancillary Index Scales
What Primary Scales are included in the WPPSI-IV for examinees ages 2 years, 6 months through 3 years, 11 months?
- Verbal Comprehension
- Visual Spatial
- Working Memory
What additional scales does the WPPSI-IV provide for examinees ages 4 years through 7 years, 7 months?
- Fluid Reasoning
- Processing Speed
What is the CAS2?
A measure of cognitive processing abilities for individuals five to 18 years of age based on the PASS cognitive/neurological theory
The PASS theory distinguishes between four cognitive functions identified by Luria: planning, attention, simultaneous processing, and successive processing.
What age range does the PPVT-5 assess?
Individuals 2:6 to 90+ years of age
The PPVT-5 measures receptive vocabulary using stimulus cards with four pictures.
What is the KABC-II designed to be?
A culturally fair test for children ages 3:0 through 18:11
It minimizes cultural content and verbal instructions and responses.
What are the five scales measured by the KABC-II?
- Simultaneous
- Sequential
- Planning
- Learning
- Knowledge
What is the CMMS used to measure?
General reasoning ability for children ages 3:6 through 9:11
The test does not require verbal responses or fine motor skills.
What is the age range for the Leiter-3?
Individuals 3 to 75+ years of age
It is a nonverbal measure of cognitive abilities.
What does Raven’s SPM estimate?
Fluid intelligence through nonverbal abstract reasoning
It is useful for individuals with hearing or speech impairments.
What is the purpose of the Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test?
To assist with hiring decisions by measuring general intelligence for adults
The test consists of 50 verbal, numerical, and spatial items.
What domains does the CogAT7 assess?
- Verbal
- Quantitative
- Nonverbal
What is the SAT used for?
College admissions for students in grades 11 and 12
It measures skills necessary for college readiness.
What does the GRE General Test measure?
Verbal, quantitative, and analytical reasoning skills
It is used as an admissions test for graduate and professional schools.
What age range does the FTII assess?
Infants three to 12 months of age
It evaluates selective attention and recognition memory.
What are the five domains assessed by the Bayley-4?
- Cognitive
- Motor
- Language
- Social-emotional
- Adaptive behavior
What is the main feature of computerized adaptive testing (CAT)?
Tests are tailored to individual examinees’ levels of ability
It adjusts the difficulty of questions based on the examinee’s responses.
What is one advantage of CAT?
Reduces testing time by 50% or more
Examinees do not answer all questions in the item pool.
What is a disadvantage of computer adaptive tests?
They are time- and resource-intensive to create
Usually do not allow examinees to review previously answered questions.