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Sea Bee Tea Flashcards

1
Q

What is Beck’s cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) originally developed for?

A

Depression

CBT is now considered an evidence-based treatment for various psychiatric disorders.

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2
Q

List at least three disorders for which CBT is considered an evidence-based treatment.

A
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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3
Q

What additional condition has CBT been found useful for as an adjunct treatment?

A

Chronic pain

For example, it helps with rheumatoid arthritis.

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4
Q

What are cognitive schemas?

A

Core beliefs developed during childhood from experience and biological factors

They can be maladaptive or adaptive.

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5
Q

What is the cognitive profile for depression according to Beck?

A

Negative beliefs about oneself, the world, and the future

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6
Q

Define automatic thoughts.

A

Verbal self-statements or mental images that come to mind spontaneously when triggered by circumstances

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7
Q

What characterizes negative automatic thoughts?

A
  • Distortion of reality
  • Emotional distress
  • Interference with life goals
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8
Q

What is a Dysfunctional Thought Record (DTR)?

A

A tool for clients to record negative automatic thoughts outside therapy

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9
Q

What does the DTR include?

A
  • Event or situation
  • Automatic thoughts
  • Type of emotion and intensity
  • Alternative rational response
  • Outcome
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10
Q

What are cognitive distortions?

A

Systematic errors in reasoning that affect thinking during stressful situations

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11
Q

Name two common cognitive distortions.

A
  • Arbitrary inference
  • Dichotomous thinking
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12
Q

What is arbitrary inference?

A

Drawing negative conclusions without any supporting evidence

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13
Q

What is the primary goal of CBT?

A

To correct faulty information processing and help modify assumptions maintaining maladaptive behaviors and emotions

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14
Q

What approach do practitioners of CBT adopt?

A

An active, structured approach

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15
Q

List two cognitive techniques used in CBT.

A
  • Redefining the problem
  • Decatastrophizing
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16
Q

What is collaborative empiricism?

A

A therapeutic alliance where therapist and client examine evidence together

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17
Q

What is Socratic dialogue in CBT?

A

Asking questions to clarify problems and evaluate maladaptive thoughts

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: Cognitive distortions are ______ in reasoning that often affect thinking.

A

systematic errors

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19
Q

True or False: CBT is only effective for treating depression.

A

False

CBT is effective for a range of psychiatric disorders.

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20
Q

What does Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) attribute psychological disturbances to?

A

Irrational beliefs expressed in absolute terms like ‘must’s,’ ‘should’s,’ ‘ought’s,’ and ‘have to’s’

Examples of irrational beliefs include: ‘I must do well on all important projects; if not, I’m inadequate’ and ‘You must take care of me; if not, you’re not a good person.’

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21
Q

What are the components of the A-B-C-D-E model in REBT?

A

A: Activating event, B: Irrational belief, C: Emotional/behavioral consequence, D: Disputing techniques, E: Effect of techniques

This model helps explain psychological disturbances and the process of change in therapy.

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22
Q

What techniques are used in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy?

A

Active disputation of irrational beliefs, rational-emotive imagery, systematic desensitization, skills training

REBT has been found effective for depression, anxiety, conduct problems, and anger.

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23
Q

What was the initial purpose of Self-Instructional Training?

A

To teach problem-solving skills to children with high levels of impulsivity

It has since been applied to other populations and problems.

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24
Q

List the five stages of Self-Instructional Training.

A
  • Cognitive modeling stage
  • Overt external guidance stage
  • Overt self-guidance stage
  • Faded overt guidance stage
  • Covert self-instruction stage

Each stage involves increasing self-guidance and independence in task performance.

25
Q

What are the four skills addressed in Self-Instructional Training?

A
  • Identifying the nature of the task
  • Focusing attention on the task and behaviors
  • Providing self-reinforcement
  • Evaluating performance and correcting errors
26
Q

What is the focus of Stress Inoculation Training?

A

Improving the ability to cope with ongoing and future stressful situations

This is achieved by teaching effective coping skills.

27
Q

What are the three phases of Stress Inoculation Training?

A
  • Conceptualization/education phase
  • Skills acquisition and consolidation phase
  • Application and follow-through phase
28
Q

What is the main assumption of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?

A

Psychological pain is universal and normal, and psychological inflexibility causes problems

Psychological inflexibility is characterized by rigid dominance of psychological reactions over chosen values.

29
Q

What is the distinction between clean pain and dirty pain in ACT?

A
  • Clean pain: Natural levels of discomfort
  • Dirty pain: Emotional suffering from attempts to control clean pain
30
Q

What is the main goal of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?

A

To increase psychological flexibility

This involves addressing six core processes.

31
Q

List the six core processes targeted in ACT.

A
  • Experiential acceptance
  • Cognitive defusion
  • Being present
  • Awareness of self-as-context
  • Values-based actions
  • Committed action
32
Q

What does experiential acceptance in ACT counter?

A

Experiential avoidance

It involves actively embracing private experiences without trying to change them.

33
Q

What does cognitive defusion in ACT help with?

A

Distancing oneself from thoughts and feelings

It allows individuals to view thoughts and feelings as experiences rather than reality.

34
Q

What is committed action in ACT?

A

Commitment to act in ways consistent with one’s values despite obstacles

It counters inaction, impulsivity, and avoidant persistence.

35
Q

True or False: ACT is considered evidence-based for conditions like chronic pain and anxiety disorders.

36
Q

What does mindfulness refer to?

A

Moment-to-moment awareness of one’s experience without judgment

(Davis & Hayes, 2011, p. 198)

37
Q

Name two therapeutic approaches that incorporate mindfulness.

A
  • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy
38
Q

What is the core strategy of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)?

A

Mindfulness meditation practices

39
Q

What was the original purpose of developing MBSR?

A

To make mindfulness meditation available and accessible in a Western medical setting while remaining true to the essence of Buddhist teachings

(Sauer & Baer, 2010, p. 4)

40
Q

How many sessions does the MBSR program consist of?

A

Eight sessions

41
Q

What types of practices are taught in MBSR?

A
  • Awareness of breathing
  • Yoga
  • Sitting meditation
  • Walking meditation
42
Q

What does MBCT combine elements of?

A
  • Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
43
Q

What was MBCT originally developed to treat?

A

Recurrent depression

(Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2001)

44
Q

List some conditions that MBCT is effective for treating.

A
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Chronic pain
  • Insomnia
45
Q

What is the primary goal of MBCT?

A

To enable clients to become self-aware and learn to de-centre from distressing thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and behaviours

(Scott & Adam, 2017, p. 246)

46
Q

What did Khoury and his colleagues conclude about mindfulness-based interventions?

A

They are effective for treating both psychological disorders and physical/medical conditions but are more effective for psychological disorders.

47
Q

What is a frequently cited change mechanism in mindfulness-based interventions according to Gu et al. (2015)?

A

Decreased emotional and cognitive reactivity

48
Q

True or False: Increased self-compassion is a well-supported change mechanism in mindfulness-based interventions.

49
Q

What is the focus of Wenzel, Brown, and Beck’s cognitive therapy for suicide prevention (CT-SP)?

A

Prevent repeat suicide attempts by adults who recently attempted suicide

50
Q

What does Bryan and Rudd’s brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (BCBT) incorporate?

A

Many elements of CT-SP

51
Q

What are the three phases of CT-SP and BCBT?

A
  • Emotion regulation
  • Cognitive flexibility
  • Relapse prevention
52
Q

What is the focus of Stanley et al.’s cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP)?

A

Adolescents who recently attempted suicide

53
Q

What is included in the acute phase of CBT-SP?

A
  • Chain analysis
  • Safety planning
  • Psychoeducation
  • Addressing reasons for living
  • Case conceptualization
54
Q

What does the continuation phase of CBT-SP focus on?

A

Generalizing and consolidating behavioral and cognitive skills and relapse prevention

55
Q

What are the six steps of the Safety Planning Intervention (SPI)?

A
  • Recognizing warning signs
  • Using internal coping strategies
  • Utilizing social contacts
  • Contacting family or friends
  • Contacting mental health professionals
  • Reducing access to lethal means
56
Q

Is a safety plan the same as a no-suicide contract?

57
Q

What is one key finding regarding cognitive-behavioral therapies for suicide prevention?

A

They reduce suicidal ideation and suicide attempts

58
Q

True or False: The benefits of cognitive-behavioral therapies occur regardless of gender and severity of suicidal ideation.

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