ODD et al. Flashcards
What category do the disorders involving problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors fall under?
Oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and intermittent explosive disorder
These disorders are recognized by the American Psychiatric Association.
What are the characteristic symptoms required for a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?
Four or more of the following symptoms:
* Often loses temper
* Is angry and resentful
* Often deliberately annoys others
* Often blames others for his/her mistakes or misbehavior
Symptoms must have lasted for at least six months.
What is the prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in young children compared to older children and adolescents?
More common in boys than girls in young children; occurs equally in boys and girls in older children and adolescents.
What is the relationship between oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder?
About 30% of children diagnosed with ODD eventually receive a diagnosis of conduct disorder.
What type of treatment is most effective for individuals with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?
Multimodal and tailored to the age, symptoms, and comorbidities of the child or adolescent.
What are the categories of symptoms for conduct disorder (CD)?
Four categories:
* Aggression to people and animals
* Destruction of property
* Deceitfulness or theft
* Serious violation of rules.
What is the age restriction for diagnosing conduct disorder (CD) in relation to antisocial personality disorder?
The diagnosis cannot be assigned to individuals over age 18 who meet the criteria for antisocial personality disorder.
What are the three subtypes of conduct disorder (CD) as provided by the DSM-5-TR?
Three subtypes:
* Childhood-onset type
* Adolescent-onset type
* Unspecified onset.
What is the association between childhood-onset conduct disorder and future diagnoses?
Higher degree of aggressiveness and greater risk for a future diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and/or a substance-related disorder.
What biological and environmental factors are linked to the etiology of conduct disorder?
Factors include:
* Heredity
* Abnormalities in brain structure and functioning
* Neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine abnormalities
* Prenatal exposure to opiates or alcohol
* Negative parenting practices.
What neurotransmitter abnormalities are suggested to contribute to conduct disorder?
Reduced serotonin and dopamine.
What did Fairchild and colleagues find regarding cortisol levels in adolescents with conduct disorder?
Adolescents with conduct disorder had higher evening cortisol levels but did not experience the typical increase in cortisol response to stress.
What are Moffitt’s two types of antisocial behavior in relation to conduct disorder?
Two types:
* Life-course-persistent type
* Adolescence-limited type.
What characterizes the life-course-persistent type of antisocial behavior?
A pattern of increasingly serious antisocial behaviors beginning in early childhood and continuing into adulthood.
What characterizes the adolescence-limited type of antisocial behavior?
Temporary and situational behaviors due to a maturity gap between biological and social maturity.
What is the typical prognosis for individuals with conduct disorder whose symptoms begin in adolescence?
For most individuals, conduct disorder remits by adulthood.
What is the prognosis for individuals with childhood-onset conduct disorder?
Worse prognosis with an increased risk of criminal behavior, conduct disorder, and substance-related disorders in adulthood.
What is the first-line treatment for Conduct Disorder (CD) and other disruptive behavior disorders?
Evidence-based psychosocial interventions
These interventions can be categorized as child-focused, parent-focused, family-focused, or multimodal.
What is Problem-solving skills training (PSST)?
A child-focused intervention for children and adolescents with CD that helps them perceive feelings, understand consequences, and resolve conflicts
Developed by Kazdin in 2003.
What is the purpose of Parent Management Training – Oregon model (PMTO)?
To help parents replace coercive practices with positive parenting techniques
Developed by Patterson, Reid, & Dishion in 1992.
What ages does Parent Management Training (PMT) target?
Children aged 2 to 17 years old
Focuses on oppositional, aggressive, and/or antisocial behavior.
What does Parent-child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) focus on?
Altering negative parent-child interactions
For parents of children aged 2 to 7 years with severe behavioral problems.
What is Functional Family Therapy (FFT)?
An intervention for families with a child aged 11 to 18 who has externalizing behavior or substance use problems
Developed by Alexander et al. in 2000.
What is the primary goal of Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT)?
To reduce adolescent substance use, aggression, and improve family functioning
Incorporates family systems theory, ecological theory, and developmental psychology.
What is Multisystemic Therapy (MST)?
An intensive family and community-based intervention for adolescents aged 12 to 18 at risk for out-of-home placement
Based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory.
What is the main finding regarding Scared Straight programs?
They tend to have harmful effects, increasing criminal behaviors in at-risk juveniles
Studies by Petrosino et al. in 2014 highlighted this issue.
What characterizes Intermittent Explosive Disorder?
Recurrent behavioral outbursts due to failure to control aggressive impulses
Diagnosis includes specific frequency and impact criteria.
What are the criteria for diagnosing Intermittent Explosive Disorder?
Verbal/physical aggression occurring twice weekly for three months or three outbursts causing property damage/injury in 12 months
Requires significant distress or impairment in functioning.
At what age does Intermittent Explosive Disorder typically onset?
Usually in childhood or adolescence
The individual must be at least six years old or at the equivalent developmental level.
Fill in the blank: Parent Management Training (PMT) focuses on replacing _______ with antecedents and consequences that foster desirable behaviors.
antecedents and consequences that maintain problematic behaviors
Based on operant conditioning principles.
True or False: Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) is an alternative to residential care.
True
It provides intensive support for children needing behavioral management.
What is the focus of the child-directed interaction phase in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)?
Enhancing the parent-child relationship
This is part of a two-phase approach in PCIT.
What is the focus of the parent-directed interaction phase in PCIT?
Teaching parents effective disciplinary practices
Aimed at improving discipline strategies.
