nobody here passed their psych eval Flashcards
What is the MMPI-2?
A measure of personality and psychopathology for individuals 18 years and older
It assists with diagnosis, treatment planning, and selecting applicants for high-risk occupations.
How many items does the MMPI-2 consist of?
567 true/false items
What are the main types of scales provided by the MMPI-2?
Original clinical and validity scales, restructured clinical scales, additional validity scales, content scales, clinical subscales, supplementary scales
These scales help assess various aspects of personality and psychopathology.
What is the mean and standard deviation of T-scores in MMPI-2?
Mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10
What T-score is considered clinically significant in MMPI-2?
T-scores of 65 and above
What does a T-score near 50 indicate?
Considered normal
What is the clinical significance of low scores (under 35 or 40) on some MMPI-2 scales?
May have clinical meaning
What is the primary use of the MMPI-2?
Assist with the diagnosis of mental disorders
How is the MMPI-2 typically used in conjunction with other assessment techniques?
Combined with a semistructured clinical interview
According to Widiger and Samuel (2005), what is the best strategy for diagnosing personality disorders?
Combine MMPI-2 with a semistructured clinical interview and begin with the self-report inventory
Fill in the blank: The MMPI-2 is used to select applicants for _______ occupations.
high-risk
What is the primary method used to derive the original clinical scales?
Empirical criterion keying
How many clinical groups were involved in the empirical criterion keying process?
Eight clinical groups and a non-clinical control group
What does an elevated score on scale 1 (Hs) indicate?
Preoccupation with physical complaints
What does scale 2 (D) measure?
Depression and hopelessness
What is indicated by elevated scores on scale 3 (Hy)?
Stress and conflicts expressed as physical symptoms
What does scale 4 (Pd) signify?
Social alienation and disinhibition
What does scale 5 (Mf) assess?
Stereotyped gender roles and interests
What is the interpretation of elevated scores on scale 6 (Pa)?
Suspiciousness and interpersonal sensitivity
What does scale 7 (Pt) reflect?
Anxiety and excessive fear and doubt
What does an elevated score on scale 8 (Sc) indicate?
Psychosis and severe social and emotional alienation
What is indicated by elevated scores on scale 9 (Ma)?
Unstable mood and hyperarousal
What is the interpretation of elevated scores on scale 0 (Si)?
Social withdrawal and avoidance
What are two-point codes in clinical scale interpretation?
Codes indicating the two scales with the highest scores
What does a two-point code of 4-9 or 9-4 indicate?
High scores on Psychopathic Deviate and Hypomania
What is the association of a two-point code of 2-7 or 7-2?
Depression and Psychasthenia linked to psychiatric populations
What is the conversion V code also known as?
Conversion valley
What does the conversion V code indicate?
Elevated scores on scales 1 (Hypochondriasis) and 3 (Hysteria) with a lower score on scale 2 (Depression)
What psychological issues are associated with the conversion V code?
Expression of psychological problems as somatic complaints
What is the psychotic V code also known as?
Paranoid valley
What does the psychotic V code indicate?
Elevated scores on scales 6 (Paranoia) and 8 (Schizophrenia) with a lower score on scale 7 (Psychasthenia)
What psychological issues are associated with the psychotic V code?
Delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and disordered thought
What is the neurotic triad associated with?
Elevated scores on scales 1 (Hypochondriasis), 2 (Depression), and 3 (Hysteria)
What are the psychological implications of the neurotic triad?
Depression, somatic complaints, interpersonal problems, and dissatisfaction
What does the L scale in MMPI-2 detect?
Underreporting of symptoms
Indicates attempts to fake good, self-righteousness, denial, or poor insight.
What does the K scale assess in the MMPI-2?
Defensiveness/Correction
Detects subtle underreporting of symptoms and may indicate resistance to evaluation and treatment.
What type of responses does the F scale in MMPI-2 identify?
Overreporting of symptoms
Highlights infrequent responses in the general population, indicating attempts to fake bad or significant pathology.
What is the purpose of the Fb scale in MMPI-2?
Detects overreporting of symptoms on the last 197 test items
Can indicate random responding due to fatigue or loss of interest.
What does the Fp scale measure?
Overreporting of symptoms in psychiatric population
Suggests exaggeration of symptoms or severe distress.
What does the S scale in MMPI-2 indicate?
Superlative Self-Presentation
Detects a tendency to present oneself as virtuous while denying problems.
What does the VRIN scale assess?
Variable Response Inconsistency
Identifies random responding and signals an invalid profile.
What does the TRIN scale measure?
True Response Inconsistency
Detects fixed patterns of responding, indicating an invalid profile.
What does the ? (Cannot Say) scale represent?
Total number of unscorable items
May indicate reading problems, confusion, or lack of cooperation.
What does an elevated F scale score combined with a high VRIN scale score suggest?
Random responding
Both scales measure inconsistent responding patterns.
What does an elevated F scale score with a low VRIN scale score indicate?
Endorsement of actual or faked psychopathology
Suggests responses were not random.
What do high L and K scale scores with a low F scale score suggest?
Attempt to present oneself favorably
Associated with parental alienation syndrome in custody evaluations.
What is the MMPI-2-RF?
A brief alternative to the MMPI-2 for individuals 18 years and older with 338 true/false items
It consists of 9 validity scales and 42 clinical content scales.
How many validity scales does the MMPI-2-RF have?
9 validity scales
It also contains 42 clinical content scales.
What are the restructured clinical (RC) scales?
Scales developed for the MMPI-2 assessing specific areas of psychological functioning
These scales are part of the MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-3.
What age group is the MMPI-3 designed for?
Individuals 18 years of age and older
It is the most recent version of the MMPI.
How many true/false items are in the MMPI-3?
335 true/false items
The MMPI-3 updates items, scales, and test norms from the MMPI-2-RF.
What scales does the MMPI-3 provide scores on?
52 scales including validity scales, RC scales, H-O scales, SP scales, and PSY-5 scales
It includes updated norms matching projected 2020 U.S. census data.
What is the MMPI-A?
A measure of psychopathology and personality for adolescents aged 14 to 18
It includes 478 true/false items.
What types of scales does the MMPI-A include?
Clinical scales, clinical subscales, validity scales, and content scales
It provides scores similar to the MMPI-2.
What is the MMPI-A-RF?
A measure of psychopathology and personality for adolescents 14 to 18 with 241 true/false items
It is similar in structure to the MMPI-2-RF.
How many true/false items does the MMPI-A-RF contain?
241 true/false items
This version is specifically designed for adolescents.
True or False: The MMPI-3 includes a Spanish-language translation.
True
It also provides norms based on Spanish speakers.
What are structured personality tests?
Tests requiring examinees to provide information about their personality traits by responding to objective, non-ambiguous items.
Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF)?
Cattell in 1947.
What strategy did Cattell use to develop the 16 PF?
The lexical strategy and factor analysis.
What are the two types of traits identified in the 16 PF?
- 16 primary traits
- 5 global traits
What are some examples of primary traits in the 16 PF?
- Warmth
- Dominance
- Sensitivity
What does the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) assess?
15 basic needs derived from Murray’s system of human needs.
What is the format of the EPPS?
Forced-choice format with two statements.
What type of scores does the EPPS yield?
Ipsative scores indicating the relative strength of an examinee’s needs.
What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) measure?
Four bipolar personality dimensions.
What are the four bipolar personality dimensions in MBTI?
- Introversion-Extraversion (I, E)
- Sensing-Intuition (S, N)
- Thinking-Feeling (T, F)
- Judging-Perceiving (J, P)
How many personality types does the MBTI identify?
16 personality types.
What does the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3) assess?
The Big Five personality traits.
What are the Big Five personality traits?
- Openness to experience
- Conscientiousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
What approach did Costa and McCrae use to identify the Big Five traits?
A lexical approach and factor analysis.
What is a significant finding related to the Big Five personality traits and neurocognitive disorders?
High levels of neuroticism and low levels of conscientiousness are linked to an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
What are projective personality tests based on?
The assumption that people will ‘project’ their personalities when presented with unstructured, ambiguous stimuli.
What does the Rorschach Inkblot Test consist of?
10 cards with bilaterally symmetrical inkblots.
What are the two phases of administering the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
- Free association phase
- Inquiry phase
What scoring categories are used in Exner’s Comprehensive System for the Rorschach Test?
- Location
- Determinants
- Content
- Form Quality
- Popularity
What does a high number of color responses in the Rorschach Test indicate?
Emotionality and impulsiveness.
What is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) based on?
Murray’s system of human needs.
How many cards are in the TAT, and what do they depict?
30 cards depicting different pictures with human figures.
What does the examinee do in the TAT?
Make up a story about each picture.
What elements are identified in the scoring system of the TAT?
- Hero of the story
- Hero’s needs and press
- Outcomes for each story
What is the purpose of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery?
To help determine the severity and nature of brain damage due to traumatic brain injury or neurocognitive disorder
Versions are available for ages 5 through 8, 9 through 14, and 15 and older.
What subtests are included in the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery?
- Memory
- Abstract reasoning
- Concentration
- Manual dexterity
- Visual-motor integration
Often administered with a Wechsler intelligence test and the MMPI-2.
How is the Halstead Impairment Index calculated?
By dividing the total number of subtests indicating impaired performance by the total number of subtests
Ranges from 0 to 1.0.
What does a Halstead Impairment Index score of 0 to 0.2 indicate?
Normal functioning
What does a Halstead Impairment Index score of 0.8 to 1.0 indicate?
Severe impairment
What is the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery used for?
To evaluate neuropsychological functioning
How many scales does the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery consist of?
11 scales
What aspects of functioning does the Luria-Nebraska assess?
- Reading
- Writing
- Arithmetic
- Expressive language
- Receptive language
- Intellectual functioning
What scoring system is used in the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery?
A 3-point scale: 0 (normal), 1 (borderline), 2 (impaired)
Item scores are converted to T scores based on age and education level.
What is the Boston Process Approach (BPA) based on?
The premise that qualitative information about problem-solving is more informative than quantitative test scores.
What is a key feature of the Boston Process Approach?
It allows for modification of standardized tests to address issues during testing.
What does the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test assess?
Visual-motor perception and integration
How many stimulus cards are in the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test?
16 stimulus cards
What are the two phases of the Bender-Gestalt II administration?
- Copy phase
- Recall phase
What scoring system is used in the Bender-Gestalt II?
Global Scoring System on a five-point scale from 0 to 4
What does a score of 4 indicate on the Bender-Gestalt II?
Nearly perfect resemblance
What is the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) used to assess?
Visual perception, visual memory, and visuo-constructive skills
What age group is the BVRT suitable for?
Individuals 8 years of age and older
What does the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) measure?
Abstract reasoning, perseveration, and executive cognitive functions
How many versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test are there?
Three versions
What are the ages appropriate for the 128-card and 64-card WCST?
6 years, 5 months through 89 years
What does the Stroop Color and Word Test assess?
The ability to inhibit a habitual response in favor of a less familiar response
What age groups are the versions of the Stroop Test designed for?
- Children 5 to 14 years
- Adolescents and adults 15 to 90 years
What cognitive skills does the Stroop Test provide information on?
- Cognitive flexibility
- Cognitive processing
- Selective attention
- Response inhibition
What does the Tower of London assess?
Problem-solving, planning, and inhibition of impulsive and perseverative responding
It evaluates frontal lobe functioning.
What age range is appropriate for the Tower of London test?
7 to 80 years of age
What is the primary task in the Tower of London test?
Replicate the configuration of colored disks on a pegboard by moving the disks according to specific rules
What scores are calculated in the Tower of London test?
Total correct, total moves, total time, total rule violations
What is the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) used for?
Screening test for cognitive impairment
What age range is the MMSE appropriate for?
18 to 85 years of age
How many items are included in the MMSE?
11 items
What areas does the MMSE evaluate?
Orientation, registration, attention and calculation, delayed recall, language, visual construction
What is the maximum score on the MMSE?
30
What MMSE score indicates cognitive impairment?
Scores below 24
What does the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assess?
Level of consciousness following an acute or traumatic brain injury
What are the three responses evaluated in the GCS?
Best eye opening response, best motor response, best verbal response
What is the total score range for the GCS?
3 to 15
What GCS score indicates a coma and severe injury?
8 or less
What is the Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning used for?
Evaluating cognitive recovery following a head injury
How many levels are there in the Rancho Scale?
10 levels
What level indicates the lowest functioning on the Rancho Scale?
Level I
What does Level X on the Rancho Scale signify?
Purposeful and appropriate responses with some assistance needed
What is the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) used to measure?
Severity of depressive symptoms
What age range is the BDI-II suitable for?
13 through 80 years of age
How many items are in the BDI-II?
21 items
What is the total score range for the BDI-II?
0 to 63
What score range on the BDI-II indicates severe depression?
29 to 63
What is the purpose of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd Edition (Vineland-3)?
Assess adaptive functioning for diagnosis and treatment planning
What age range does the Vineland-3 cover?
Birth to 90 years of age
What types of scores does the Vineland-3 provide?
Adaptive Behavior Composite score, domain scores for Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialization, optional Motor Skills, and Maladaptive Behavior
What does the Wechsler Memory Scale – Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) assess?
Visual and auditory memory
What conditions is the WMS-IV commonly used to assess?
Neurocognitive disorder, traumatic brain injury, learning disorders, substance use disorders, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, temporal lobe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis
What are the two batteries included in the WMS-IV?
Adult Battery and Older Adult Battery
What does the Auditory Memory Index (AMI) measure?
Immediate and delayed auditory recall
What does the Visual Memory Index (VMI) measure?
Immediate and delayed visual recall
What does the Visual Working Memory Index (VWMI) assess?
Ability to remember and manipulate visual information in short-term memory
What does the Immediate Memory Index (IMI) evaluate?
Immediate recall of auditory and visual information
What does a WMS-IV index scale score of 70 or less indicate?
Significant dysfunction
What is the purpose of comparing WMS-IV and WAIS-IV scores?
To determine an examinee’s strengths and weaknesses
What are interest inventories used for?
To assess a person’s relative preferences for different activities and occupations.
What has research found about the predictive validity of interest inventories?
Good predictors of job choice, satisfaction, and persistence; less accurate for predicting job success.
What is the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) intended for?
High school and college students and adults.
How many items does the SII include?
291 items.
What scale does the SII use for responses?
A five-point Likert-type scale from ‘strongly like’ to ‘strongly dislike.’
What types of reports does the SII provide after scoring?
A personal Profile and Interpretive Report.
What are the General Occupational Themes (GOTs) in the SII?
Scores on Holland’s six occupational themes: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.
What do the Basic Interest Scales (BISs) measure?
Scores on 30 specific interests representing the six occupational themes.
What basic interests are associated with the social theme in the SII?
- Social sciences
- Counseling and helping
- Religion and spirituality
- Human resources and training
- Healthcare services
- Teaching and education.
What do the Occupational Scales (OSs) provide in the SII?
Information on the extent to which the examinee’s interests are similar to those of people in 130 different occupations.
What do the Personal Styles Scales (PSSs) assess in the SII?
Scores on preferences regarding work style, leadership style, learning environment, risk taking, and team orientation.
What do the Administrative Indices in the SII indicate?
Information on any unusual or inconsistent responses.
What method was used to construct the Occupational Scales of the SII?
Empirical criterion keying.
What is the Kuder Occupational Interest Survey (KOIS) intended for?
High school juniors and seniors, college students, and adults.
How many items are included in the KOIS?
100 items.
What format do the KOIS items use?
Forced-choice format.
What type of scores does the KOIS yield?
Ipsative scores for intra-individual comparisons.
What does the Occupational Scales in the KOIS indicate?
The strength of the relationship between the examinee’s interests and those of satisfied workers in 109 occupations.
What do the College Major Scales in the KOIS measure?
The strength of the relationship between the examinee’s interests and those of students in 40 college majors.
What are the Vocational Interest Estimates (VIEs) in the KOIS?
Preferences for ten interest areas: outdoor, mechanical, computational, scientific, persuasive, artistic, literary, musical, social services, and clerical.
What information do the Dependability Indices provide in the KOIS?
Used to determine the validity of an examinee’s responses.
What is the Kuder Career Planning System (KCPS)?
An online version of the Kuder that provides career exploration and planning programs for three age groups.
What are the three age-appropriate programs included in the KCPS?
- Kuder Galaxy for pre-K through grade 5
- Kuder Navigator for grades 6 through 12
- Kuder Journey for college students and adults.
What assessments are included in the Kuder Journey program?
- Kuder Career Search with Person Match
- Kuder Skills Assessment
- Super’s Work Values Inventory.
The court’s ruling in the 1979 case of Larry P. v. Wilson Riles
prohibited schools from using IQ tests to place African American children in special education classes.
