Honk Shoe Mimimi Flashcards
What brain area is essential for the consolidation of long-term declarative memories?
Hippocampus
The hippocampus is also involved in spatial memory.
What memory types are the basal ganglia and cerebellum essential for?
Procedural memories and implicit memories
Implicit memories operate on an unconscious, automatic level.
What is the role of the amygdala in memory?
Attaching emotions to memories
People with intact amygdalas remember emotional experiences better than nonemotional ones.
Which brain area is essential for working memory and prospective memory?
Prefrontal Cortex
Item memory and source memory are aspects of episodic memory related to this area.
What type of amnesia can result from damage to the thalamus?
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia
What neurotransmitter is involved in the short-term storage of information according to Kandel’s research?
Serotonin
What phenomenon is referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP)?
Changes in synapses associated with long-term memory formation
LTP was first observed in glutamate receptors in the hippocampus.
What are the two main categories of theories about the function of sleep?
Recovery/restoration theories and adaptive/evolutionary theories
How many stages can sleep be divided into based on EEG recordings?
Five stages
What characterizes NREM Stage 1 of sleep?
Transitional stage with alpha waves replaced by theta waves
What occurs during NREM Stage 2 of sleep?
Theta waves interrupted by sleep spindles and K-complexes
What type of waves dominate NREM Stage 4 sleep?
Delta waves
What is REM sleep characterized by?
Beta waves and theta waves
It is referred to as paradoxical sleep due to active brain activity and muscle paralysis.
How do sleep patterns change from infancy to adulthood?
Total sleep time decreases from 14-16 hours in infancy to about 8 hours in adulthood
What is a characteristic of sleep in older adults?
More trouble falling asleep and less time in deep sleep
