Splints/Orthotics Flashcards
DIP spint
volar or dorsal aspect of finger and spans from the tip to the proximal portion of middle phalanx.
Used for mallet finger, DIP fracture or arthritis
Placed in neutral or slight extension
Ulnar gutter splint
ulnar side of forearm and hand as well as 4th and 5th mets and phalanges
Usually following a fracture
MCP joints are placed in 60-90 degrees of flexion with IP joints in full extension and wrist slight extension
Radial gutter splint
radial side of forearm and hand as well as 2nd and 3rd digits. Thenar hole for free movement of thumb.
immobilize metacarpals and phalanges following fracture.
MCP joints in 60-90 degrees of flexion and IP joints in full extension and wrist in slight extension
Thumb spica splint
radial side of forearm and thumb
immobilize wrist and MCP joint of thumb
Treats gamekeeper’s thumb, scaphoid fracture, first metacarpal fractures, de Quervains syndrome
wrist should be in 20 degrees of extension and MCP joint in slight flexion
Volar/dorsal forearm splint
proximal forearm to metacarpal heads
full elbow and MCP and thumb motion
immobilize wrist and treats fractures of wrist, distal radius or ulna or soft tissue conditions
positioning is based on patient
wrist in 20 degrees extension helps finger flexors be shortened and increased grip
Sugar tong splint
covers wrist and elbow
greater immobilization of volar/dorsal forearm splint
limits sup/pron and any wrist motion
starts on dorsum of hand and extends to dorsum of forearm and wraps around the elbow then goes to volar forearm to end at palm
elbow is in 90 degrees of flexion with wrist and forearm in neutral
used for treating carpal fractures and distal radius or ulna fractures
Long arm splint
covers elbow on posterior side from wrist to distal humerus. immoblizes elbow
prevents flexion or extension as well as supination and pronation
done after surgery to elbow or proximal forearm fracture or to treat soft tissue injury like a tendon repair
elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and forearm neutral
Corset orthotic
may have metal uprights to provide abdominal compression and support
Halo vest orthosis
invasive cervical thoracic orthosis that provides full restriction of cervical motion.
Metal ring in the skull
Milwaukee orthosis
promotes realignment of spine in scoliosis
custom made, pelvis to upper chest with corrective padding in areas of severity of the curve
Taylor brace
TLSO that limits trunk flexion and extension through a three point control design
TLSO
prevents all trunk motions usually post surgically and rigid
AFO
metal, plastic, solid, posterior leaf spring, floor reaction
usually for those with peripheral neuropathy, nerve lesions or hemiplegia
Metal AFO
ankle may be locked or set to have limited anterior/posterior capability depending on patients needs.
Plastic AFO
cast mold
cant have edema that fluctuates a lot
casted in subtalar neutral
Solid AFO
controls DF/PF also inversion/eversion with a trim line anterior to malleoli
ankle in 90 degrees
can have articulation which allows tibia to advance over the foot during mid to late stance phase of gait
Posterior leaf spring AFO
assists with DF and prevents foot drop
requires adequate medial/lateral control by patient
Floor reaction AFO
assists with knee extension during stance through positioning of calf band and/or positioning of ankle
KAFO
plastic or metal
Craig-Scott KAFO
paraplegia
allows a person to stand with a posterior lean of the trunk
HKAFO
bilateral knee ankle foot orthoses with extension to hip joints and a pelvic band. Controls rotation at hip and abd/add
Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (RGO)
cable system to assist with advancement of LE in gait
paraplegia
Parapodium
standing frame to allow patient to sit
prefabricated
ambulation is achieved by advancing weight and rocking base across floor
primarily in pediatric population
Heel wedge
medial heel-prevent excessive hindfoot eversion
lateral heel-excessive hindfoot inversion
pes planus or cavus
Heel lift
take pressure off achilles or leg length
heel cushion
calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis
heel cup
calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis
comes up around heel to keep it in neutral
Metatarsal bar/pad
posterior to met heads either on outer sole of shoe or inner
outer=bar
inner=pad
helps with metatarsalgia
Rocker bar
convex strip instead of flat
helps with those that have trouble in terminal stance phase of gait secondary to limited mobility of foot, especially great toe extension and can help relieve meta tarsal head pressure
