Splints/Orthotics

Question 1

DIP spint

Answer 1

volar or dorsal aspect of finger and spans from the tip to the proximal portion of middle phalanx.
Used for mallet finger, DIP fracture or arthritis
Placed in neutral or slight extension

Question 2

Ulnar gutter splint

Answer 2

ulnar side of forearm and hand as well as 4th and 5th mets and phalanges
Usually following a fracture
MCP joints are placed in 60-90 degrees of flexion with IP joints in full extension and wrist slight extension

Question 3

Radial gutter splint

Answer 3

radial side of forearm and hand as well as 2nd and 3rd digits. Thenar hole for free movement of thumb.
immobilize metacarpals and phalanges following fracture.
MCP joints in 60-90 degrees of flexion and IP joints in full extension and wrist in slight extension

Question 4

Thumb spica splint

Answer 4

radial side of forearm and thumb
immobilize wrist and MCP joint of thumb
Treats gamekeeper’s thumb, scaphoid fracture, first metacarpal fractures, de Quervains syndrome
wrist should be in 20 degrees of extension and MCP joint in slight flexion

Question 5

Volar/dorsal forearm splint

Answer 5

proximal forearm to metacarpal heads
full elbow and MCP and thumb motion
immobilize wrist and treats fractures of wrist, distal radius or ulna or soft tissue conditions
positioning is based on patient
wrist in 20 degrees extension helps finger flexors be shortened and increased grip

Question 6

Sugar tong splint

Answer 6

covers wrist and elbow
greater immobilization of volar/dorsal forearm splint
limits sup/pron and any wrist motion
starts on dorsum of hand and extends to dorsum of forearm and wraps around the elbow then goes to volar forearm to end at palm
elbow is in 90 degrees of flexion with wrist and forearm in neutral
used for treating carpal fractures and distal radius or ulna fractures

Question 7

Long arm splint

Answer 7

covers elbow on posterior side from wrist to distal humerus. immoblizes elbow
prevents flexion or extension as well as supination and pronation
done after surgery to elbow or proximal forearm fracture or to treat soft tissue injury like a tendon repair
elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and forearm neutral

Question 8

Corset orthotic

Answer 8

may have metal uprights to provide abdominal compression and support

Question 9

Halo vest orthosis

Answer 9

invasive cervical thoracic orthosis that provides full restriction of cervical motion.
Metal ring in the skull

Question 10

Milwaukee orthosis

Answer 10

promotes realignment of spine in scoliosis
custom made, pelvis to upper chest with corrective padding in areas of severity of the curve

Question 11

Taylor brace

Answer 11

TLSO that limits trunk flexion and extension through a three point control design

Question 12

TLSO

Answer 12

prevents all trunk motions usually post surgically and rigid

Question 13

AFO

Answer 13

metal, plastic, solid, posterior leaf spring, floor reaction
usually for those with peripheral neuropathy, nerve lesions or hemiplegia

Question 14

Metal AFO

Answer 14

ankle may be locked or set to have limited anterior/posterior capability depending on patients needs.

Question 15

Plastic AFO

Answer 15

cast mold
cant have edema that fluctuates a lot
casted in subtalar neutral

Question 16

Solid AFO

Answer 16

controls DF/PF also inversion/eversion with a trim line anterior to malleoli
ankle in 90 degrees
can have articulation which allows tibia to advance over the foot during mid to late stance phase of gait

Question 17

Posterior leaf spring AFO

Answer 17

assists with DF and prevents foot drop
requires adequate medial/lateral control by patient

Question 18

Floor reaction AFO

Answer 18

assists with knee extension during stance through positioning of calf band and/or positioning of ankle

Question 19

KAFO

Answer 19

plastic or metal

Question 20

Craig-Scott KAFO

Answer 20

paraplegia
allows a person to stand with a posterior lean of the trunk

Question 21

HKAFO

Answer 21

bilateral knee ankle foot orthoses with extension to hip joints and a pelvic band. Controls rotation at hip and abd/add

Question 22

Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (RGO)

Answer 22

cable system to assist with advancement of LE in gait
paraplegia

Question 23

Parapodium

Answer 23

standing frame to allow patient to sit
prefabricated
ambulation is achieved by advancing weight and rocking base across floor
primarily in pediatric population

Question 24

Heel wedge

Answer 24

medial heel-prevent excessive hindfoot eversion
lateral heel-excessive hindfoot inversion
pes planus or cavus

Question 25

Heel lift

Answer 25

take pressure off achilles or leg length

Question 26

heel cushion

Answer 26

calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis

Question 27

heel cup

Answer 27

calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis
comes up around heel to keep it in neutral

Question 28

Metatarsal bar/pad

Answer 28

posterior to met heads either on outer sole of shoe or inner
outer=bar
inner=pad
helps with metatarsalgia

Question 29

Rocker bar

Answer 29

convex strip instead of flat
helps with those that have trouble in terminal stance phase of gait secondary to limited mobility of foot, especially great toe extension and can help relieve meta tarsal head pressure