Muscle/Movement Impairments

Question 1

Akinesia

Answer 1

inability to initiate movement
often seen in Parkinson’s

Question 2

Asthenia

Answer 2

generalized weakness associated with cerebellar pathlology

Question 3

Clasp-knife response

Answer 3

greatest resistance of ROM at initiation of range that lessens with movement

Question 4

Clonus

Answer 4

UMN lesions
involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex

Question 5

Cogwheel rigidity

Answer 5

resistance to movement has a phasic quality
often seen in parkinsons

Question 6

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 6

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

Question 7

Dysmetria

Answer 7

inability to control ROM and force

Question 8

Dystonia

Answer 8

related to athetosis but there is large axial muscle involvement rather than appendicular muscles

Question 9

Fasciculation

Answer 9

muscle twitch caused by LMN

Question 10

Kinesthesia

Answer 10

ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of joint or body part

Question 11

lead pipe rigidity

Answer 11

uniform and constant resistance to ROM often associated with basal ganglia lesions

Question 12

Spasticity is a component of UMN or LMN?

Answer 12

UMN lesions

Question 13

Spasticity is characterized by…

Answer 13

exaggerated phasic (tendon jerks) and tonic (Spastic) stretch reflexes

Question 14

Modified Ashworth Scale:
0
1
1+
2
3
4

Answer 14

no muscle tone

slight tone, catch and release or minimal resistance at end range in flexion or extension

slight tone with catch followed my minimal resistance throughout remainder (less than half) of the ROM

more marked increase in muscle tone through most of ROM but affected parts move easily

considerable tone making passive motion difficult

affected part is rigid