Nervous System Tracts

Question 1

Ascending tracts send what kind of information

Answer 1

sensory

Question 2

Ascending tracts

Answer 2

cuneocerebellar
fasciculus cuneatus (posterior or dorsal column)
fasciculus gracilis (posterior or dorsal column)
spinocerebellar tract (dorsal and ventral)
spino-olivary tract
spinoreticular tract
spinotectal tract
spinothalamic tract (anterior)
spinothalamic tract (lateral)

Question 3

Cuneocerebellar tract

Answer 3

ipsilateral subconscious neck and UE

Question 4

Fasciculus cuneatus (dorsal column)

Answer 4

trunk, neck and UE sensory, proprioception, vibration, 2-point discrimination and graphesthesia

Question 5

Graphesthesia

Answer 5

ability recognize writing on skin

Question 6

Fasciculus gracilis

Answer 6

sensory for trunk, LE proprioception, 2-point discrimination, vibration and graphesthesia

Question 7

Spinocerebellar tract

Answer 7

sensory for cerebellum for ipsilateral subconscious proprioception, tension in muscles, joint sense, and posture of trunk and LE

Question 8

Spino-olivary tract

Answer 8

ascends to cerebellum
relays info from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs

Question 9

Spinoreticular tract

Answer 9

influences levels of consciousness

Question 10

Spinotectal tract

Answer 10

spinovisual reflexes and assists with eye movement and head towards a stimulus

Question 11

Spinothalamic tract (anterior)

Answer 11

crude touch and pressure

Question 12

Spinothalamic tract (lateral)

Answer 12

pain and temperature

Question 13

Descending tracts involved in

Answer 13

voluntary motor function, muscle tone, reflexes and equilibrium, visceral innervation and modulation of ascending sensory signals.

Question 14

Largest descending tract….originates where?

Answer 14

corticospinal
cerebral cortex

Question 15

Smaller descending tracts originate where?

Answer 15

midbrain
pons
medulla

Question 16

Primary descending tracts

Answer 16

corticospinal anterior and lateral
reticulospinal
rubrospinal
tectospinal
vestibulospinal

Question 17

Corticospinal (anterior)

Answer 17

ipsilateral voluntary, discrete and skilled movement

Question 18

Discrete movement

Answer 18

recognizable beginning and end
reaching, grasping, throwing

Question 19

Corticospinal (lateral)

Answer 19

contralateral voluntary fine movement

Question 20

Damage to lateral corticospinal tract results in…

Answer 20

positive Babinski sign
absent superficial abdominal reflexes
cremasteric reflex and loss of fine motor skills or skilled voluntary movement

Question 21

Cremasteric reflex

Answer 21

in males
stroking inner thigh causing cremasteric muscle to contract and pull up ipsilateral testicle

Question 22

Reticulospinal tract

Answer 22

facilitation or inhibition of voluntary and reflex activity through influence on alpha and gamma motor neurons

Question 23

Rubrospinal tract

Answer 23

gross postural tone
facilitating activity of flexor muscles and inhibiting activity of extensor muscles

Question 24

Tectospinal tract

Answer 24

contralateral postural muscle tone associated with auditory/visual stimuli

Question 25

Vestibulospinal tract

Answer 25

ipsilateral gross postural adjustments to head movements
facilitating activity of extensor muscles and inhibiting activity of flexor muscles

Question 26

Damage to vestibulospinal tract

Answer 26

significant paralysis, exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, clasp-knife reaction

Question 27

Brown-Sequard’s syndrome

Answer 27

paralysis and loss of vibratory sense and position sense on the same side as the lesion due to damage in corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns.
loss of pain and temp sense on opposite side due to the damage of lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 28

Sympathetic nerves originate in which horn of spinal cord and where?

Answer 28

lateral of thoracic

Question 29

Parasympathetic nerves originate from lateral…. of the ….level of the spinal cord and the brain itself.

Answer 29

gray matter
sacral

Question 30

Dendrites …

Answer 30

receive signals from other neurons

Question 31

Endoneurium

Answer 31

innermost covering the surrounds each individual axon

Question 32

Epineurium

Answer 32

outermost covering surrounds entire nerve and provides buffer for the peripheral nerve

Question 33

Perineurium

Answer 33

middle layer the covers groups of axons and maintains blood-nerve barrierS

Question 34

Saltatory conduction

Answer 34

jumping from node to node; decreases the use of sodium-potassium pumps and increases speed of conductin

Question 35

A fibers are

Answer 35

large
myelinated
high conduction rate
alpha, beta, gamma subsets

Question 36

B fibers are

Answer 36

medium
myelinated
reasonably fast
preganglionic fiber of the autonomic system