Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPTE > Nerve pain and injuries > Flashcards

Nerve pain and injuries Flashcards

1
Q

peripheral nerve lesions have what mechanisms of injury

A

mechanical (compression)
crush and percussion (fx, compartment syndrome)
laceration
penetrating
stretch
high velocity trauma
cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When treating someone with peripheral nerve damage, all areas of ….

A

face, trunk and extremities should be assessed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

allodynia

A

sensation of pain in response to stimulus that would not typically produce pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

analgesia

A

absence of pain while remaining conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

anesthesia

A

absence of touch sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

causalgia

A

constant, relentless, burning hyperesthesia and hyperalgesia that develops after a peripheral nerve injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dyesthesia

A

distortion of any of the senses, especially touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hyperesthesia

A

heightened sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hyperpathia

A

extreme exaggerated response to pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hypesthesia

A

diminished sensation of touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neuralgia

A

severe and multiple shock-like pain that radiate from a specific nerve distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pallanesthesia

A

loss of vibratin sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensations such as tingling, pins and needles or burning sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

double crush syndrome

A

two separate lesions along same nerve that create more severe symptoms than if only one lesion existed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mononeuropathy

A

an isolated nerve lesion; associated conditions include trauma and entrapment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

neuroma

A

abnormal growth of nerve cells; associated conditions include vasculitis, AIDS, and amyloidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

polyneuropathy

A

diffuse nerve dysfunction that is symmetrical and typically secondary to pathology and not trauma
examples Guillain-Barre syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, use of neurotoxic drugs and HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

degeneration that occurs distally, specifically to myelin sheath and axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mildest form of nerve injury

A

neurapraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is neurapraxia?

A

conduction block usually due to myelin dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In neurapraxia, is nerve conduction preserved?

A

yes, proximal and distal to the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are the nerve fibers damaged in neurapraxia? or degneration?

A

no no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Symptoms of neurapraxia?

A

pain, minimal muscle atrophy, numbness or greater loss of motor and sensory function, diminished proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Recovery time period for neurapraxia?

A

4-6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What injuries are the most common with neurapraxia?

A

pressure injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If you fx the neck of the humerus, and/or have an anterior dislocation of the shoulder, what type of nerve injury do you most likely have?

A

axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

If you fx the clavicle what type of nerve injury do you most likely have?

A

musculocutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If you compress the nerve at the radial tunnel and/or fx the humerus what type of nerve injury do you most likely have?

A

radial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

If you compress the nerve at the carpal tunnel and/or have pronator teres entrapment, what type of nerve injury do you most likely have?

A

median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

If you compress the nerve in the cubital tunnel and/or have entrapment at Guyon’s canal then what type of nerve injury do you most likely have?

A

ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In the LE, many nerve injuries for women are secondary to …

A

labor
delivery
or surgical procedures around the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

If you have a THA, displace acetabular fx, anterior dislocation of the femur, hysterectomy, and/or appendectomy, what kind of nerve injury could you have?

A

femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

If you have blunt force trauma to the butt, THA, and/or accidental injection to the nerve, which nerve could have the injury?

A

sciatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

If you have a fixation of the femur after fx or THA, which nerve is most likely injured?

A

obturator

35
Q

If you have a femur, tibia or fibula fx and/or positioning during surgical procedures, which nerve is most likely injured?

A

fibular

36
Q

If you have tarsal tunnel entrapment and/or popliteal fossa compression you most likely have what kind of nerve injury?

A

tibial

37
Q

If you have a fx of the calcaneus or lateral malleolus what kind of nerve injury could you have?

A

sural

38
Q

Who has better outcomes after peripheral nerve damage?

A

children

39
Q

What also produces better outcomes for peripheral nerve damage?

A

earlier repair
more distal the lesion

40
Q

What is the middle ground for nerve injuries?

A

axonotmesis

41
Q

Is axonotmesis reversible?

A

yes since they maintain an anatomical relationship to each other

42
Q

What can occur with axonotmesis?

A

wallerian degneration

43
Q

How fast does the nerve regeneration in axonotmesis?

A

distally 1mm/day

44
Q

Recovery is…. in axonotmesis?

A

spontaneous and varies from spotty to no recovery. Surgery may be required.

45
Q

Most common type of axonotmesis?

A

traction
compression
crush

46
Q

What is the most severe type of nerve injury?

A

neurotmesis

47
Q

Is neurotmesis reversible?

A

no

48
Q

What happens physically with neurotmesis injury?

A

flaccid paralysis and wasting of the muscle occurs and total loss of sensation by that nerve
all motor and sensory loss distal to the lesion becomes permanently impaired

49
Q

How do you repair neurotmesis?

A

surgery and it could regenerate after that at about 1 mm/day with proximal recovery first and sensory recovery comes sooner than motor

50
Q

What is the injury associated with neurotmesis?

A

complete transection of the nerve trunk

51
Q

Peripheral nervous system pathology occurring in the anterior horn cell does what to:
sensory?
motor?
signs?
DTRs?
examples?

A

sensory intact
motor weakness and atrophy
fasciculations
decreased DTRs
ALS, polio

52
Q

Peripheral nervous system pathology occurring in the muscle does what to:
sensory?
motor?
signs?
DTRs?
examples?

A

sensory intact
motor weakness
fasciculations are rare
normal or decreased DTRs
muscular dystrophy

53
Q

Peripheral nervous system pathology occurring in the neuromuscular junction does what to:
sensory?
motor?
DTRs?
examples?

A

sensory intact
motor fatigue is greater than actual weakness
normal DTRs
myasthenia gravis

54
Q

Peripheral nervous system pathology occurring in the peripheral nerve or mononeuropathy does what to:
sensory?
motor?
examples?

A

sensory loss along route of nerve
motor weakness and atrophy in peripheral distribution
may have fasciculations
trauma

55
Q

Peripheral nervous system pathology occurring in multiple nerves or polyneuropathy does what to:
sensory?
motor?
DTRs?
examples?

A

impaired sensory in stocking glove distribution
motor weakness and atrophy; weaker distally than proximally; may have fasciculations
decreased DTRs
diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy

56
Q

Peripheral nervous system pathology occurring in spinal roots and nerves does what to:
sensory?
motor?
signs?
DTRs?
examples?

A

corresponding dermatomal deficits
motor weakness in innervated pattern
may have fasciculations
decreased DTRs
herniated disc

57
Q

UMN disease is

A

in descending motor tracts within cerebral motor cortex, internal capsule or brainstem or spinal cord.

58
Q

UMN symptoms

A

weakness of muscles involved, hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, mild disuse atrophy, and abnormal reflexes

59
Q

Damaged tracts of UMN disease are in the ….

A

lateral white column of the spinal cord

60
Q

Examples of UMN lesions

A

cerebral palsy
hydrocephalus
ALS
CVA
birth injuries
MS
Huntington’s
TBI
pseudobulbar palsy
brain tumors

61
Q

LMN diseases are

A

lesions in nerves or axons at or below level of brainstem usually within the final common pathway.

62
Q

In LMN diseases, what part of the spinal cord is affected?

A

ventral gray

63
Q

Symptoms of LMN disease?

A

flaccidity
weakness
decreased tone
fasciculations
muscle atrophy
decreased or absent reflexes

64
Q

LMN examples

A

polio
ALS
guillain barre
tumors in spinal cord
trauma
progressive muscle atrophy
infection
bells palsy
carpal tunnel
muscular dystrophy
spinal muscular atrophy

65
Q

UMN or LMN:
hyperactive reflexes
hypoactive reflexes
mild atrophy
fasciculations
atrophy
hypotonic to flaccid
hypertonic

A

UMN
LMN
UMN
LMN
LMN
LMN
UMN

66
Q

hypokinesia disorders

A

apraxia
rigidity
bradykinesia

67
Q

hyperkinesia disorders

A

ataxia
athetosis
chorea
tics
tremors
dysmetria
dystonia

68
Q

Athetosis

A

slow, twisting, writhing movements that are large in amplitude.

69
Q

Where are athetoid movements primarily seen?

A

face
tongue
trunk
extremities

70
Q

When movements are brief in athetosis, they merge with what?

A

chorea

71
Q

When movements are sustained in athetosis they merge with what?

A

dystonia and typically associated with spasticity

72
Q

Athetosis is common in several forms of…

A

cerebral palsy secondary to basal ganglia pathology

73
Q

Chorea is damage to

A

caudate nucleus

74
Q

What is another form of chorea?

A

ballism
large amplitude

75
Q

Ballism produces….
secondary to damage in….

A

flailing movements in limbs
subthalamic nucleus

76
Q

Dystonia is…

A

sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting, abnormal postures and repetitive movements

77
Q

In dystonia all…. are affected equally and involuntary movements are accentuated during ….

A

muscles
volitional movement and with progression can produce overflow

78
Q

Diagnoses that include dystonia are…

A

parkinsons
cerebral palsy
encephalitis

79
Q

Tics are …

A

sudden, coordinated movements at irregular intervals

80
Q

What is an example of a pathology that presents with tics?

A

Tourettes

81
Q

Resting tremors

A

at rest and may or may not disappear with movement. May increase with stress.
Example: pill rolling in Parkinsons

82
Q

Postural tremors

A

voluntary contraction to maintain posture.
examples include rapid tremor associated with hyperthyroidism, fatigue or anxiety and benign essential tremor

83
Q

Intention tremors

A

absent at rest, lesion of cerebellum or its efferent pathways and seen with MS.

84
Q
A

NPTE (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions