Medical Procedures and Testing for Neuro Dysfunction Flashcards
Cerebral angiography
Invasive?
Determines?
Diagnoses?
invasive
narrowing or blockage of an artery in the brain
CVA, brain tumor, aneurysm or vascular malformation
CT views…
Brain or spinal cord CT is required to rule out….
bones, tissues and organs
vascular malformations, tumors, cysts, herniated discs, hermorrhage, epilepsy, encephalitis, spinal stenosis, intracranial bleeding and head injury.
Discography evaluates….
Contrast dye is used in ….
integrity and pathology of a spinal disc
CT scanning
EEG
Invasive?
Measures?
rules out?
non-invasive
electrical activity of the brain
seizure disorders, brain death, brain tumors, brain damage, inflammation, alcoholism, some psychiatric disorders and degenerative disorders that affect the brain
EMG
Invasive?
assesses?
records?
Rules out?
invasive
nerve and muscle dysfunction or spinal cord disease
electrical activity from brain or spinal cord to the peripheral nerve root
muscle pathology, nerve pathology, spinal cord disease, denervated muscle and LMN injury
Evoked potentials
invasive?
rules out?
non-invasive
MS, brain tumor, acoustic neuroma, SCI
MRI
Used for …
rules out…
tissues, organs, bones and nerves
tumors of the brain or spinal cord, MS and head trauma
Myelography
Invasive?
Uses …. in?
High risk for?
Rules out?
invasive
contrast dye with x-ray in spinal canal
headaches following spinal tap
potential abnormalities surrounding subarachnoid space, spinal nerve injury, herniated discs, fx, back or leg pathology and spinal tumors
Nerve conduction velocity
Invasive?
stimulates…. to determin….
Rules out…
non-invasive
peripheral nerve to determine nerve action potentials and nerves ability to signal.
Peripheral neuropathies, carpal tunnel, demyelination pathology and peripheral nerve compression
PET
What kind of pictures of brain activity?
Rules out?
2-D and 3-D
cerebral circulatory pathology
metabolism dysfunction
tumors
blood flow
brain changes following injury or drug abuse
spinal puncture
Invasive?
where at?
rules out?
invasive
below level of L1-L2
most commonly at L3-L4
hemorrhage, inflammation, infection, meningitis, and tumor
Antiepileptic drugs side effects and implication for PT
ataxia, skin issues, behavioral changes, GI distress, headache, blurred vision, weight gain.
Pts with epilepsy have greater sensitivity to environmental surroundings like light or noise
Antispasticity Agents side effects and implications for PT
drowsiness, confusion, headache, dizzy, generalized weakness, hepatotoxicity potential with Dantrium, tolerance and dependence.
When medication is working, PT should focus on facilitation and strenghening
Sedation may alter scheduling of therapy to allow for maximal participation.
Cholinergic agents are for..
side effects
implications for PT
glaucoma, Alzheimer’s dementia, postop GI motility, myasthenia gravis
GI distress, impaired visual accommodation, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, flushing, parasympathetic symptoms
decreased HR and dizziness. Those with Alz and myasthenia gravis may be better able to participate in therapy after taking these
Is spasticity a primary condition?
no, it is secondary from CNS damage
