Peds and Development Flashcards
APGAR stands for
appearance
pulse
grimace
activity
respiration
What score is a normal response for each?
2
When are scores calculated?
1 min and 5 minutes after birth
Good condition newborn score?
7-10
Low score and indicator for newborn requiring medical attention?
3 or below
<5 score shows
neuromotor dysfunction
What color should the baby be?
What should their HR be?
What should be their reflex?
Activity?
Respiration?
pink
100+
pulls away, sneezes, coughs
active movement
vigorous cry
Cephalic to caudal development
head and UE control prior to trunk and LE
Proximal to distal development
trunk control acquired first with subsequent gain in distal control
ATNR
turning head results in bow and arrow look with extended arm on face side.
Should integrate 6 months.
if it persists, problems with: visual tracking, rolling, development of crawling, can lead to skeletal deformities
STNR
flexing the head results in arms flexed and legs extended.
extending the head results in arms extended and legs flexed.
Should be present 6-12 months.
If it persists, problems with: ability to prop on arms in prone, attain and maintain hands and knees, crawling, sitting balance when looking around, use of hands when looking at an object in hands in sitting.
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
Supine the body and extremities held in extension.
Prone the body and extremities held in flexion.
Should be present birth-6 months.
If persists, problems with: ability to initiate rolling, ability to prop on elbows with extended hips in prone, ability to flex trunk and hips to come to sitting from supine, causes full body extension which interferes with sitting or standing.
Galant Reflex
touch skin along spine from shoulder to hip which causes a lateral shift towards stimulus.
Should be present until 2 months.
If persists it could interfere with: sitting balance, can lead to scoliosis
Palmar grasp reflex
should be present until 4 months.
If persists can cause problems with: ability to grasp and release objects voluntarily, WB on open hand
Plantar grasp reflex
should be present until 9 months.
If persists can cause problems with: ability to stand with feet flat on surface.
Balance reactions and weight shifting in standing.
Rooting reflex
when there is a touch on cheek they will turn their head to the same side with mouth open.
Should be present until 5 months.
If persists can interfere with: oral-motor development, development of midline control of head, optical righting, visual tracking, and social interaction.
Moro reflex
the falling reflex in response to head extension.
Integrates at 5 months
If persists can interfere with: balance reactions in sitting, protective responses in sitting, hand-eye coordination.
Startle reflex
similar to moro but to a loud sudden noise and elbows remain flexed and hands closed.
If persists can interfere with: same as moro
Positive support reflex
when weight is placed on balls of feet in upright position then they stiffen legs and trunk into extension. Should be present until 2 months.
If persists, then can interfere with: standing and walking, balance reactions, and weight shifting in standing, can lead to contractures of ankles in PF
Stepping reflex
should be present until 2 months
If persists can interfere with: standing and walking, balance reactions and weight shifting in standing, development of smooth and coordinated reciprocal movements.
Age range of sitting without support
4-9 months
Age range of standing with assistance
5-12 months
Age range of hands/knees crawling
5-14 months
Age range of walk with assistance
6-14 months
Age range of standing alone
7-17 months
Age range of walking alone
8-18 months
CDC created 75% criterion instead of 50% for what purpose…
to increase testing that could lead to earlier intervention if needed.
What age are babies holding their head up when on tummy, moving both arms and both legs, and opening hands briefly?
2 months
What age are babies holding their head steady without support when held, holding a toy when put in their hand, using arm to swing at toys, bringing hands to mouth, pushing up on elbows when on tummy?
4 months
What age are babies rolling from tummy to back, pushing up with straight arms when on tummy, leaning on hands to support self when sitting?
6 months
What age are babies getting into a sitting position by themselves, sitting without support, using fingers to rake in food, and moving things from one hand to the other?
9 months
What age are babies pulling themselves to standing, walking while holding onto furniture, drinking from a cup without a lid, picking things up between thumb and index finger?
12 months
What age are babies taking a few steps on their own and using fingers to feed self food?
15 months
What age are babies walking without holding on, scribbling, drinking from cup without a lid but spills sometimes, feeds self with fingers, tries to use a spoon, and climbs on and off couch without help?
18 months
What age are babies kicking a ball, running, walking up a few stairs, eating with a spoon?
2 years
What age are kids turning doorknobs, taking some clothes off by self, jumping off the ground with both feet, turning book pages?
30 months
What age are kids using a fork, stringing items together, putting on clothes by self?
3 years
What age are kids catching a large ball, serving self food, unbuttons buttons, holds crayon or pencil between fingers and thumb?
4 years
What age are kids buttoning some buttons, and hopping on one foot?
5 years
AIMS is for?
It tests?
Age range?
Norm or criterion?
infants
motor skills
0-18 months
norm
BOT-2 is for?
It tests?
Age range?
Norm or criterion?
motor impairment
final manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, balance, strength and agility.
4-21 years
norm
GMFM is for?
It tests?
Age range?
Norm or criterion
cerebral palsy
lying and rolling, sitting, crawling and kneeling, standing, walking, jumping, running, stair-climbing.
allages
criterion
PDMS is for?
tests?
age range?
norm or criterion?
gross and fine motor skills
fine and gross motor
0-6 years
norm
PEDI is for?
age range?
norm or criterion?
self care, mobility, social function
6 monts-7.5 years
norm and criterion
SFA is for?
tests?
age range?
norm or criterion?
planning for students with disabilities in school
participation, task supports, activity performance, physical tasks, cognitive/behavioral tasks
kindergarten to 6th grade
criterion
Norm-references are matching…
to other school aged kids
Criterion matches
against self
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
non-progressive neuromuscular disorder that occurs during the firs trimester in utero.
Fibrosis of muscles and structures within the joints.
Signs and symptoms: cylinderlike extremities with minimal definition, significant and multiple contractures, dislocation of joints and muscle atrophy.
Treatment: attain max developmental skills through positioning, stretching, strengthening, splinting, and use of adaptive equipment. Surgical intervention may be indicated.
Autism
Umbrella term for autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive development disorder and Aspergers. Can see symptoms around 2 or 3.
Spastic cerebral palsy
lesion in motor cortex of cerebrum with UMN damage
Athetoid cerebral palsy
indicating lesion in basal ganglia
Down Syndrome signs and symptoms
hypotonia, joint hypermobility, flat feet scoliosis to name a few
DMD
progressive disorder where fat and connective tissue eventually replace muscle and death occurs from cardiopulmonary failure prior to age 25.
Childs mom is silent carrier and it will only affect males.
Characteristics manifest between ages 2-5.
Signs are progressive weakness, disinterest in running, falling, toe walking, excessive lordosis and pseudohypertrophy of muscle groups.
Treat with submax exercise and mobility.
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Physical and behavioral attributes such as small hands, feet and sex organs, hypotonia, almond shaped eyes, obesity, constant desire for food, coordination impairments and intellectual disability.
Treatment includes postural control exercise and fitness and gross and fine motor skills training.
Spina Bifida Occulta
spinal cord and meninges remain intact and no associated disability
Spina Bifida Cystica
cyst-like protrusion through non-fused vertebrae which results in impairment.
Meningocele
herniation of meninges and cerebrospinal fluid in to sac that protrudes. Spinal cord remains within canal.
Myelomeningocele
severe form of herniation of meninges, CSF and spinal cord extending through the defect.
Signs and symptoms of myelonmeningocele
motor loss below level of defect
sensory deficits
hydrocephalus
arnold-chiari type II malformation
osteoporosis
clubfoot
scoliosis
tethered cord syndrome
latex allergy
bowl and bladder dysfunction
learning disabilities
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
progressive degeneration of anterior horn cell
Signs are progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, diminished or absent DTRs.
Acute infantile SMA
occur between birth and 2 months.
degeneration progresses quickly and child dies in less than one year.
Chronic Childhood SMA
after 6 months to one year and has slower progression. Can survive into adulthood
Juvenile SMA
comes on in 4-17
typically survive into adulthood
