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NPTE > Reflex and Sensation Testing > Flashcards

Reflex and Sensation Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal reflex:
nerve roots
how
normal response

A

T8-L1
stroke briskly and lightly with a blunt object from each quadrant of the abdomen in a diagonal manner towards the umbilicus
contraction of abdominals and deviation of the umbilicus in the direction of the stimulus

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2
Q

Corneal “blink” reflex:
nerves
how
normal response

A

trigeminal and facial nerves
have the pt look up and away and stroke the cornea using cotton
both eyes will blink

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3
Q

Cremasteric reflex:
nerves
how
normal response

A

L1-L2
scratch the skin of the upper medial thigh
brisk and brief elevation of testicle on ipsilateral side

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4
Q

Gag reflex:
nerves
how
normal response

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus
stimulates each side of the back of the throat and notes reaction
gag post stimulation; may be absent

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5
Q

Plantar reflex (Babinski):
nerves
how
normal response

A

L5-S1
stroke lateral aspect of sole of foot from heel to ball and medially to the base of great toe
flexion of toes (Babinski is abnormal

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6
Q

DTR is from a

A

reflex arc

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7
Q

Reflex arc involves spinal or brainstem segment that innervates …

A

a specific muscle

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8
Q

Hyerreflexia is indicative of a ____ lesion. Which is a lesion ____the level of the spinal reflex pathways.

A

suprasegmental lesion
above

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9
Q

Hyporeflexia can be indicative of disease that involves one or multiple components of…

A

the reflex arc itself

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10
Q

Scale for grading reflexes

A

0-4

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11
Q

Jendrassik maneuver is…
and used when a reflex cannot be elicited.

A

locking fingers together and pulling apart

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12
Q

0 on the reflex grading scale

A

no response
always abnormal

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13
Q

1+ on the reflex grading scale

A

diminished response
may or may not be normal

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14
Q

2+ on the reflex grading scale

A

active normal response

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15
Q

3+ on the reflex grading scale

A

brisk/exaggerated response
may or may not be normal

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16
Q

4+ on the reflex grading scale

A

very brisk/hyperactive
always abnormal

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17
Q

biceps tendon reflex

A

C5-C6
sitting or supine

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18
Q

brachioradialis tendon reflex

A

C5-C6

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19
Q

Absent DTRs will indicate

A

a lesion in the reflex arc itself

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20
Q

If absent reflex is accompanied by sensory loss then the lesion is found…

A

within the afferent arc and is either the nerve or the dorsal horn

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21
Q

If absent reflex is accompanied by paralysis, fasciculations or atrophy, the lesion is found…

A

within the efferent arc and may be the nerve or anterior horn or both

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22
Q

What is the most common etiology surrounding absent reflexes?

A

peripheral neuropathy

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23
Q

Peripheral neuropathy may affect…

A

all components of the reflex arc

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24
Q

Hyperactive DTRs are found when there is interruption of the cortical supply to the…
Interruption exists …. the segment of the reflex arc.

A

LMN
secondary to UMN lesion

above

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25
Q

Deep sensation tests

A

proprioception

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26
Q

cortical sensation testing is also

A

combined sensory and deep

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27
Q

superficial sensation testing includes

A

temp
light touch
pain

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28
Q

deep sensation testing includes

A

proprioception
kinesthesia
vibration

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29
Q

cortical sensation testing includes

A

bilateral simultaneous stimulation
stereognosis
two-point discrimination
barognosis
localization of touch

30
Q

Distribution of C4

A

bilateral shoulders

31
Q

distribution of C6-T1

A

medial and lateral aspects of bilateral forearms

32
Q

distribution of C6 and C8

A

thumbs and little fingers

33
Q

distribution of L2 and L3

A

bilateral anterior thighs

34
Q

distribution of L4 and L5

A

medial and lateral aspects of bilateral lower legs (calves)

35
Q

distribution of S1

A

bilateral little toes

36
Q

distribution of S4

A

saddle area

37
Q

Pts with sensory deficits or who are at risk for sensory impairments should be tested using…..

A

Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments

38
Q

Barognosis

A

perceive the weight of different objects in the hand

39
Q

deep pain

A

squeeze the forearm or calf muscle

40
Q

graphesthesia

A

identify a number or letter drawn on the skin without visual input

41
Q

kinesthesia

A

identify direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

42
Q

light touch

A

perceive touch through light pressure or use of cotton ball

43
Q

localization

A

ability to identify the exact location of light touch on the body using a verbal response or gesturing

44
Q

proprioception

A

identify a static position of an extremity or body part

45
Q

stereognosis

A

identify an object without sight

46
Q

superficial pain

A

perceive noxious stimulus using a pen cap, paper clip end or pin

47
Q

temp

A

perceive warm and cold test tubes

48
Q

two-point discrimination

A

using a two-point caliper on the skin, identify one or two points without visual input

49
Q

vibration

A

perceive vibration or pain through a tuning fork

50
Q

Pain testing can be performed through touching the skin while alternating in a random fashion between ___and___ends of the pin.

A

sharp and dull

51
Q

Perform pain testing with eyes ..

A

closed and have them say if they feel a sharp or dull sensation

52
Q

What tool do you use to do pain testing?

A

Wartenberg pinwheels

53
Q

Temperature discrimination testing should use

A

test tubes one with warm and one with cold water

54
Q

Vibration testing is done with ___Hz tuning fork.

A

128

55
Q

Where do you initially place the tuning fork?

A

IP joint of the great toe

56
Q

If there is an impairment in the vibration testing then where do you place the tuning fork next?

A

bony prominences: wrist, elbow, spinous processes, clavicles, medial malleolus, patella, ASIS etc

57
Q

When testing pressure sensation, ask the patient to distinguish between ….

A

light or deep

58
Q

When treating a pt with peripheral nerve damage… all areas of ….. should be assessed.

A

face, trunk, and extremities.

59
Q

Allodynia

A

sensation of pain in response to a stimulus that would not typically produce pain

60
Q

Analgesia

A

absence of pain while remaining conscious

61
Q

Anesthesia

A

absence of touch sensation

62
Q

Causalgia

A

constant, relentless, burning hyperesthesia and hyperalgesia that develops after a peripheral nerve injury

63
Q

Dyesthesia

A

distortion of any of the senses, especially touch

64
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

heightened sensation

65
Q

Hyperpathia

A

extreme exaggerated response to pain

66
Q

Hypestheisa

A

diminished sensation of touch

67
Q

Neuralgia

A

severe and multiple shock-like pains that radiate from a specific nerve distribution

68
Q

Pallanesthesia

A

loss of vibratin sensation

69
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensations such as tingling, pins and needles or burning sensations

70
Q
A

NPTE (54 decks)

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