Special Senses eyes and ears

Question 1

Houses and safeguards the eyeball, made up of seven cranial bones that make up the walls.

Answer 1

Orbit

Question 2

roof of the orbit is

Answer 2

Frontal bone

Question 3

blood supply of eyeball

Answer 3

Ophthalmic artery
(branch of the internal carotid artery)

Question 4

85% of the fibrous layer, visible as the white part of the eye, provides attachment to the extraocular muscles

Answer 4

Sclera

Question 5

continuous with the sclera, positioned centrally at the front of the eye, CONVER, refracts incoming light to help focus light on the lens into the retina

Answer 5

Cornea

Question 6

cornea is innervated by

Answer 6

V1 (sensory)

Question 7

Cornea is curved, nearsightedness, eyeball is too long, near objects are seen clearly, far objects are blurred. Corrected with concave lens.

Answer 7

MYOPIA

Question 8

Cornea is too flat or eyeball is too short, farsightedness, far objects are seen clearly, near objects are blurred, corrected with convex lens.

Answer 8

Hyperopia

Question 9

Irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, blurred or distorted vision at all distances, corrected by cylindrical lens

Answer 9

Astigmatism

Question 10

layer of the cornea

Answer 10

External stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

Provides nourishment to the outer layers of the retina

Answer 11

Choroid

Question 12

obstruction of the drainage of the aqueous humor, increasing the pressure in the anterior chamber. May cause the vitreous body to press against the retina affecting vision.

Answer 12

GLAUCOMA

Question 13

DOC for glaucoma

Answer 13

Pilocarpine
- 2% ophthalmic solution

Question 14

a transparent, biconvex structure held in place by a circular system zonular fibers and ciliary body. Avascular and highly elastic, controls focus for near or distant vision by a change in its shape

Answer 14

LENS

Question 15

Loss of ability to undergo accommodation, occurs in the 4th decade of life when the lenses lose elasticity “related to aging”

Answer 15

Presbyopia

Question 16

lens becomes opaque due to the denaturation of crystallins impairing vision, caused by excessive exposure to UV light, trauma or secondary effects from diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Answer 16

CATARACT

Question 17

Interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the eye, characterized by classic triad: Miosis, Partial ptosis (drooping of the eyelid) Hemifacial Anhydrosis

Answer 17

Horner’s Syndrome

Question 18

aperture in the center of the iris, allows fluid to pass from the anterior to posterior chamber.

Answer 18

PUPIL

Question 19

Light detecting component of the eye

Answer 19

RETINA

Question 20

Contains the photopigment rhodopsin, for nondiscriminative vision, used for seeing in the dark and detecting motion

Answer 20

Rod

Question 21

contains the photopigment OPSIN, for acute vision (high resolution) used for detecting colors.

Answer 21

Cone

Question 22

Large glial cells unique to the retina. Critical for retinal function, provides tropic and metabolic support for adjacent neurons

Answer 22

MULLER CELLS

Question 23

Inherited disorder that results in the defect in the development of one or more of the cone cells

Answer 23

Color Blindness

Question 24

most common color blindness

Answer 24

Red-green color blindness

Question 25

inhibitory, causes hyperpolarization of bipolar neurons preventing sending of signals to the ganglion cells.

Answer 25

Glutamate

Question 26

Thin, transparent mucosa that covers the exposed, anterior portion of the sclera, secretes mucous added to the tear film coating the epithelium and cornea

Answer 26

Conjunctiva

Question 27

also known as pink eye. inflammation of the conjunctiva due to bacterial or viral infection, also due to alleries.

Answer 27

Conjunctivitis

Question 28

Viral infection of conjunctivitis is

Answer 28

Adenovirus

Question 29

Pliable structures containing skin, muscle and conjunctiva and supporting tissue that protect the eye

Answer 29

Eyelids

Question 30

Lacrimal gland is found on

Answer 30

Superolateral portion of the eye

Question 31

sigmoid shaped tube extends from the deep part of the concha to the tympanic membrane

Answer 31

External Auditory Meatus "Auditory Canal"

Question 32

transfers sound vibrations from air to auditory ossicles, external surface is covered by epidermis, internal surface consists of a mucous membrane

Answer 32

TYMPANIC MEMBRAME "EARDRUM" -crossed by chorda tympani

Question 33

air-filled cavity on the temporal boned lined with mucous membrane, amplifies the sound waves to the inner ear through the superior oval flow.

Answer 33

Tympanic cavity "Middle Ear" - contains the ossicles: Malleus, incus and stapes.

Question 34

Auditory canal is part of external part of ear "external auditory meatus" , Auditory tube/Eustachian canal is part of/connection of middle ear to the nasopharynx area.

Answer 34

Auditory canal is part of external part of ear "external auditory meatus" , Auditory tube/Eustachian tube is part of/connection of middle ear to the nasopharynx area.

Question 35

equalizes the pressure of the middle ear to the external auditory meatus, normally it is collapsed maintaining slightly negative middle ear pressure.

Answer 35

Eustachian tube - opens during swallowing and during maintaining pressure. - route of spread of respiratory infection. - connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

Question 36

pulls the malleus and tympanic membrane medially, inserts to the handle of malleus, origin auditory tube.

Answer 36

Tensor Tympani

Question 37

Tensor tympani nerve

Answer 37

CN V3

Question 38

Stapedius is innervated by what CN

Answer 38

Facial Nerve

Question 39

Transmit sound from the middle ear, connective tissue membrane that separates the middle ear from the vestibule.

Answer 39

OVAL WINDOW

Question 40

Allows movement of fluid within the cochlea for sound detection, connective tissue membrane that separates the middle ear from the cochlea

Answer 40

ROUND window

Question 41

inflammation of the middle ear

Answer 41

Otitis media

Question 42

series of cavities composed of the cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals

Answer 42

Bony labyrinth - lined with periosteum and contains perilymph

Question 43

lies within the bony labyrinth, contains ducts and sacs: cochlear duct, and the vestibular apparatus.

Answer 43

Membranous labyrinth - filled with endolymph rich in potassium ions

Question 44

connected to the cochlear portion of the CN VIII, houses the cochlear duct, which separates the cochlea into two fluid-filled chambers

Answer 44

Cochlea

Question 45

senses balance and body position, relay information to the central nervous system regarding head position as well as acceleration of the head via the vestibulae portion of CN VIII

Answer 45

Semicircular Ducts

Question 46

central part of the bony labyrinth

Answer 46

Vestibule

Question 47

receives the semi-circular ducts, detect movement or acceleration of the head in the horizontal plane.

Answer 47

Utricle

Question 48

Receives the cochlear duct, detect movement or acceleration of the head in the vertical plane.

Answer 48

Saccule

Question 49

hearing range

Answer 49

20-20,000 hz