Oral Diagnosis Flashcards
Correct diagnosis is often a result of
Complete and thorough examination
Accurate History primary purpose is
To provide basis for determining how the patient’s physical status may be affected by dental therapy
Essential/Most important procedure in diagnosis is the
Development of case history
Most important way of obtaining chief complaint
Be unhurried / “not to hurry”
most difficult and most common to evaluate chief complaint
Odontalgia “tooth ache”
term experienced by a patient
Symptoms
term detected by the examiner
Sign
1 or more significantly unique sign and symptom that distinguish 1 disease from another
Pathognomonic Sign
Butterfly rash
Systemic lupus erythematosus / Liver disease.
Bull’s eye lesion, target lesion, iris lesion
Erythema Multiforme / Lyme disease
Nikolsky sign
Pemphigus vulgaris
Most important factor that determines prognosis - result of treatment
Severity
The review of illnesses, injuries, operation & hospitalization from childhood disease to present complaint
Past medical History
Normal Blood pressure
120/80
normal Pulse rate
60-100bpm
normal respiratory rate
16-20bpm
the difference of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called
Pulse Pressure
normal pulse pressure: 30-40mmHg
1st audible sound in stetoscope
Korotkoff Sounds
Average age to diagnose ameloblastoma is
34 y/o
average age to diagnose tic doloureux
30 y/o
Lead poisoning
Plumbism
excessively moist skin patient
Anxiety
what neurotransmitter is decreased in Parkinson’s disease
Dopamine
anti-viral drug that is also used and effective in Parkinson’s disease
Amantadine - used for Influenza/flu
a combination of verbal and motor tics
Tourette’s Syndrome
Complete inability to speech
Aphasia
Broca’s area is located at
Frontal lobe of cerebrum
Wernicke’s area is located at
Temporal lobe
Broca’s area is responsible for
Production of speech
Wernicke’s area is responsible for
Comprehension
characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce language or speech
Expressive aphasia
The patient cannot understand words or recognize symbols, whether they are auditory, tactile, or visual
Receptive aphasia
Combination of Receptive and expressive Aphasia
GLOBAL APHASIA
Assessment IPPA
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
Abdomen Assessment
Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
Radiographic examination is a form of
Inspection
Most common site of torus
Palatal area
Most commonly used clinical test
Percussion test
Most commonly used clinical tool
radiograph
how to assess bruit?
Auscultation
how to assess a thrill
palpation
Px with Diabetes M. has a ____ breath
Acetone
Px with liver disease has a ___ breath
Mousy
muscles of mastication that elevates the mandible
Temporalis, Internal Pterygoid, Masseter
muscle that depress and protrude mandile
External Pterygoid
MOM that elevates and retrude the mandible
Temporalis
Which of the following does not have cafe au lait spots
A. mcCune Albright syndrome
B. Addison’s disease
C. Von reckling hausens disease / Neurofibromatosis
D. Hypothyroidism
E. Hyperthyroid
E. Hyperthyroid
Anesthetic agent that increases the amount of methemogloblin
Prilocaine
Prilocaine is contraindicated in patients with?
COPD, respi problem.
the percentage of RBC in blood is
Hematocrit
O2 carrier
Hemoglobin
high amount of RBC is called
Polycythemia
Has the increase amount of bilirubin
Hemolytic anemia
3mm - 1cm vascularity, “Non blanching” purplish spots due to bleeding vessels near the surface of skin
Purpura
<3mm small pinpoint.
ex. Herman’s sign: DHF - Rumpel leede test / capillary fragility / Torniquet test
Petechiae
> 1cm “Contusion” larger purpura spots, bleeding underneath.
Ecchymosis
Localized collection of blood outside a vessel, Solid swelling of blood clot.
Hematoma “Bruise”
Which of the following causes red lesion
A. Purpura
B. Perleche
C. Angular Cheilitis
D. Stomatitis
A. Purpura
Circumscribed, flat non-palpable
Up to 1cm
Macule
ex. Freckles “ephilis”, Petechiae
Palpable elevated: Solid mass
Approx. 0.5cm
Papule
Palpable elevated: Solid mass
0.5 - 2cm
Nodule
Palpable elevated: Free Fluid
>0.5cm
Bulla
ex. Large Blister
Palpable elevated: Free Fluid
Up to 0.5cm
Vesicle
ex. Herpes
Palpable elevated: Free Fluid
Acne
Pustule
Monroe’s abscess
Psoriasis
most common form of candidiasis
Pseudomembranous type
Bird-face
Pierre-robin & Treacher collins
Monkey face
Marasmus
Lion-like face
Leprosy, Paget’s disease
Angel-like face
Cherubism
Near vision in called
Myopia
Hyperopia
Far sighted
Cloudy vision, opacity of lens
Cataract
Tunnel vision
Glaucoma
Pupillary constriction
Miosis
PNS
Pupillary dilation
Mydriasis
SNS
what is the syndrome in SNS that has the following sign and symptoms: Miosis, Anhidrosis, Ptosis, Sympathetic disorder
Horner’s Syndrome
common group of blood vessel that is affected by epistaxis
Kiesselbach’s Plexus
Superior oblique muscle is innervated by what CN
IV (Trochlear Nerve)
Lateral Rectus muscle is innervated by CN
VI (ABDUCENS NERVE)
Inf. Oblique, Sup. Inf. Medial Rectus muscle is innervated by
CN III (Occulomotor)
Function of oblique musle
Adduct or Abduct?
Abduct
Function of rectus muscle is Adduct, except:
Lateral Rectus muscle
Recurrent apthous ulcer located in
Non-keratinized
RHU - Keratinized
Chancre (syphillis) is a
Painless ulcer
Canker - Painful ulcer
Differential diagnosis for gardners syndrome and peutz jeghers syndrome: Polyps in jejunum and
Melanotic lesion in oral cavity
Gardners: Supernumerary, GI Polyps, Osteoma.
DOC for Systemic candidiasis
Amphotericin B or Azoles
most common site of torus
Palatine
Stent is used before the removal of torus, stent is
most common periodontal disease
Gingivitis
pathognomonic sign of gingivitis
Bleeding on probing
epithelium of gingivitis that is 1st affected
COL
Floss is until
below the contact point
incharge of remission and exacerbation of ANUG
Stress
TX for ANUG
1st Debridement
and
Antibiotic
Inflammation of tongue
Glossitis
Papilla of tongue most commonly affected
Filiform papilla
Benign migratory glossitis is also known as
Geographic tongue
varicose veins under tongue
Caviar Tongue
Burning tongue sensation
Glossodynia
Bad taste is known as
Cacogeusia
Altered taste is known as
Dysgeusia
Pharyngitis is caused by what microorganism
Streptococcus Pyogenes
Aschoff bodies is found in
Rheumatic Heart Disease
2 disease that can lead after pharyngitis
Rheumatic Heart Disease, Acute Glomerulonephritis
most common cause of odynophagia “painful swallowing” :
Sore throat
circular motion, upright position, proximal to distal, slightly flexed forward (side of assessment) is a assessment for?
Lymphnodes
lymph nodes that is commonly affected with German Measles “Rubella”
Mastoid “post auricular” Lymph nodes
Reed-sternberg cell is seen in
Hodgkin’s Lympohoma
Burkitt’s lymphoma is caused by microorganism
Epstein Barr Virus -
Moth eaten appearance
: Acute osteomyelitis
: Chondrosarcoma
: EWINGS Sarcoma
difficulty in breathing
Dyspnea
most common sign of heart failure
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Increased rate and or depth of breathing leading to decrease in CO2
Hyperventilation
decrease in vitamin D in children causes pigeon chest
Ricketts
normal blood pressure
120/80 mmHg (pre-hypertensive state)
Stage 1: 140-159/90-99
Stage 2: 160-179/>100-109
Hypertension Crisis: >180/>110
Acute endocarditis is caused by what MO
Staphylococcus Aureus
- IV Drugs
- Tricuspid valve
Subacute endocarditis is caused by what MO
Streptoc. Viridans
- Dental Procedure
- Mitral Valve
Location of tricuspid valve
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
number of Lobes in right lung?
3
DOC for patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
DOC for angina pectoris
Sublingual admin. Nitroglycerin
Most common cause of myocardial infarction
Atherosclerosis
Most common cause of death of Myocardial infarction
Arrhythmia
Blood in urine
Hematuria
Severe protein deficiency
Kwashiorkor
“Edematous Malnutrition”
most abundant protein in the body
Collagen
Most abundant protein in the blood
Albumin
-Maintain colloid osmotic pressure
Generalized edema
Anasarca
most common opportunistic fungal infection
Candida Albicans
Systemic candidiasis DOC
Amphotericin B
White lesion cannot be rubbed off
Leukoplakia
Fungal infection pathogenic are type _ Hypersensitivity
4
- Tb, Contact dermatitis
Most common cancer in oral cavity
Squamous cell carcinoma
- common in lateral, ventral, post. 1/3
Most common type of lichen planus
Whickham Striae
- “Lace-like pattern”
Negri bodies is seen in
Rabies
Sulfur granules is seen in
Actinomycosis
Aschoff bodies
Rheumatic heart fever
Generalized opacity with red dots, associated with nicotine
Nicotinic Stomatitis
Red lesion that do not blanch off
Eryhtroplakia
Red lesion that blanches off, vascular lesion
Hemangioma
Rendu osler weber syndrome is also known as
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telengiectasia
Bull’s eye lesion, target lesion, iris lesion/
Erythema Multiforme
Majot type of Erythema Multiforme
Steven johnson syndrome
related to vitmain b2 (Riboflavin) deficiency, candidiasis, Vertical dimension is low
Angular Cheilitis
Lower lip, color blue, associated with trauma, affected minor salivary gland
Mucocele
from Floor of the mouth, color blue, trauma, Major salivary gland affected
“Frog’s belly”
Ranula
most abundant component of amalgam alloy
Silver
Silver toxicity
Argyria (Ag)
Lead toxicity
(most resistant to the ionizing radiation)
Plumbism (Pb)
Mercury toxicity
Acrodynia
cause of hairy tongue is a elongated what papilla of tongue?
Filiform
most abundant blood cells
red blood cells
Oxygen carrier
Hemoglobin
Percentage of rbc in the blood
Hematocrit
Increase in platelet, a disease in which your bone marrow makes too many platelets.
Thrombocythemia
Normal hemoglobin
14-17gm/100ml
normal hematocrit
45-50ml/DL
most commonly used method for bleeding time
Template Method
3-6 mins
test to measure presence of adequate platelet function for screening PT’s in blood disease,
Bleeding time
prothrombin time is a measure of extrinsic pathway of clotting factors
1 P”f”ibrinogen
2 Prothrombin
7 Proconvertin
10 Stuart prower
Partial prothrombin time is a measure of intrinsic pathway of clotting factors
8 Anti-hemophilia A
9 Anti-hemophilia B
11 Anti-hemophilia C
12 Hageman factor
normal fasting blood sugar
80-120mg/DL
8-12hrs
most commonly used test for kidney function
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine clearance
Most specific test for kidney function test
Inulin clearance
Aspartate aminotransferase
Serum Glutamic Oxoloacetic Transaminase
Serum Glutamic Oxoloacetic Transaminase
Alanine Aminotransferase
Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase
Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase
Normal blood pH
Boards: 7.4
7.35-7.45
Bence jones protein is seen in urine in what disease
Multiple Myeloma
Forecast wether patient will get well or not
Prognosis
Most important factor in determining prognosis
Severity
Analgesic for Pregnant
Paracetamol
Safest antibiotic for pregnant
Penicillin - Erythromycin - Cephalosporin
MC cause of drug allergies
Penicilin
MO Drug induced bacteria
Clostridium Difficile
from Clindamycin
Most common error in blood pressure
Wrong cuff size
smaller cuff =Increase BP
Larger cuff=Decrease BP
PX with recently cardiovascular surgery, how long delay of treatment
6 months
Cardiovascular Patient/Medically compromised
epinephrine of:
0.04mg or 2 carpules of 1:100,000 EPI
Healthy: 0.20mg or max. of 11 carpules
Highest risk for Infective endocarditis
Prosthetic heart valves placement
Pulse site for infants
Brachial Pulse
Pulse site for adults
Carotid pulse
1st maneuver to open airway
Head tilt, chin lift
Most commonly injured organ in CPR
Liver
COMPRESSION FOR ADULT AND INFANT
30:2 for 20x
MCL, ACL, Meniscus is a medical triad called
Unhappy Triad
- Anterior cruciate lig.
- Medial Collateral Lig
- Meniscus
