Oral Surgery Flashcards
1
Q
Main function of FLAP
A
Access!
2
Q
Right handed dentist’s static zone
A
12-2 o’clock
3
Q
Right handed dentist’s transfer zone
A
4-7 o’clock
4
Q
Right handed dentist’s Operation zone
A
7-12 o’clock
5
Q
Right handed dentist’s assistant’s zone
A
2-4 o’clock
6
Q
hand instrument that is semi-critical that do not penetrate tissue/soft tissue but contact oral tissues
A
Mouth mirror
7
Q
non-critical instrument that do not come in contact with oral & body fluids
A
Liners and Bases, compo.. etc.
8
Q
a category of instrument that has direct contact with soft tissue/bone
A
Critical Instrument
- forceps etc.
9
Q
Grasp for Control
A
Pen Grasp
10
Q
Grasp for Force
A
Palm Grasp
11
Q
Preferred type of tissue handling/forcep
A
Hooks or toothed forceps
12
Q
most commonly used irrigant
A
0.9%NSS
BOARDS: 0.85% NSS
13
Q
Major organ for Clot formation
A
Liver
14
Q
the mechanism that leads to cessation of bleeding from a blood vessel,
Clot formation is also called
A
Hemostasis
15
Q
Primary method for achieving site hemostasis
A
PRESSURE
- Small Blood V: 20-30 sec
- Large BV: 5-10mins
16
Q
tea bag promotes clotting mechanism because of its content
A
Tannic Acid
17
Q
dead space management placement of pack pressure dressing called
A
Surgicel
18
Q
careful removal of necrotic, foreign & severely ischemic material
A
Debridement
19
Q
Most commonly used debridement
A
3% Hydrogen Peroxide
- used for mouthwash ANUG
- intracanal medicament
20
Q
Abnormal accumulation of fluid, blood vessel leakage into nearby tissues
A
EDEMA
21
Q
Areas of high blood vessel connective tissue in oral cavity
A
Lips & Flood of the mouth
22
Q
px with recent heart attack, MI, will have a surgery after?
A
6 months
23
Q
A patient is undergoing dialysis, surgery is scheduled
A
the day after dialysis
24
Q
Main function of Flap
A
Access/Accessibility
25
Separation of flap, dead space
Dehiscence
26
flap that includes periosteum, mucosa, submucosa, and it is needed in any type of BONE surgery
Full-thickness flap
27
flap used in apicoectomy (very effective), small cysts and root tips. Bow-shaped and a curve incision. the lowest point of incision must be 0.5cm from free gingival margin
Semilunar Flap
28
the four corner flap. two oblique incision extending to buccal vestibule. The rule is 1 ant. and 1 posterior.
Trapezoidal Flap
- attached gingiva can have recession
29
the most commonly used flap in odon./ all procedure.
rule: 2 ant. 1 post.
also known as sulcular flap.
Envelope Flap
30
Pedicle and bergers flap is used in
Closure of oro antral fistula
31
a form of buccal mucosal flap and the most commonly used flap to close oro-antral fistula
Bergers Flap
32
a form of palatal mucosa flap to close oro-antral fistula
Pedicle Flap
33
Flap used in torus removal
Y flap tech.
34
Flap used in PFM
Ochsenbeinluebke / Alveolar -mucosal flap / Submarginal Flap
35
a form of open curettage procedure, debridement of root surface & rem. of granulation tissue. Indicated to all types of periodontal disease
Modified-Widman Flap
(not to eliminate pocket)
36
Used to stabilize flap
Suture
37
smallest suture available in the market
11-0
- for eyes
38
largest suture available in the market
7
39
most commonly used suture in dentistry
3-0 black silk
40
non-resorbable sutures is best used in
Multiple extraction
41
most intensive non-resorbable suture inflammatory response
Silk
-came from silk worm
-most economical.
42
1st synthetic suture
Nylon
43
a ____ suture is used in single exo, mentally handicapped children
Resorbable
44
Gut came from
Cattle intima
45
MC used knots in dentistry
Triple Throw Knots
46
Basic of most knots
Single Knot/Half Hitch
47
Removal of non resorbable suture intraoral
5-7 days
48
removal of suture in scalp
5-7
49
Resorbable suture that has high inflammatory response
GUT
50
Suture cut _-_ mm from the knot
2-3
51
Suture placed 2-3 mm from the incision line _-_ mm apart.
3-4
52
stitch technique used for closure of extraction sites
Figure of 8 / "Stitch Tie"
53
most commonly used drain
1/4 inch Penrose drain
54
most common reason of extraction
Caries
55
2nd most common reason of extraction
Necrotic pulp/Irreversible pulpitis
56
most commonly used Scalpel #
3
57
ends of Mucoperiosteal elevator/ Molt 9 for twisting, prying motion to elevate interdental papilla
SHarp end
58
ends of Mucoperiosteal elevator/ Molt 9 for push stroke to separate periosteum from the bone
Blunt End
59
most common retractor
Austin, Minnesota
60
Most commonly used tongue retractor
Mouth mirror
61
enucleation is also known as
Cystectomy
62
hold cyst during enucleation
Bobcock
63
most commonly used hemostat to control hemorrhages
Curved hemostat
64
most commonly used to remove bone
Rongeur
- side and end cutting most practical use
65
removes/smoothen rough edges of bone
Bone file
- always toward the operator
- pull stroke in general
66
Removal of cyst/granulation from socket, removes soft tissues from bony cavities
Curette
- Angled double ended most commonly used
67
most commonly used scissor to cut suture
Dean's scissors
68
most commonly used needle holder
Meyo-hegar
69
most commonly used suture in oral mucosa
3-0 black silk
70
most commonly used irrigation
NSS 0.9%
BOARDS: 0.85%
71
extractions key instrument, loosen tooth from surrounding bone.
Elevators
72
most commonly used elevator
straight elevator
73
elevator follows the principle of
Lever
74
alveolar bone removal of an elevator-luxated teeth from socket
Forceps
75
tractional force of forceps
Passive
76
beak of the forceps should adapt
to the root as apical as possible
77
Forceps 69
Root fragment Max & Md.
78
Cowhorn
16 mandi molars
79
210s
max 2m.
80
positioning of mandibular extraction
Occlusal plane be parallel to the floor, patients mouth is at or slightly below the operator's shoulder
81
positioning of maxillary extraction
Patient's mouth is at the operator's shoulder
occlusal plane be 45-60degree from the floor.
82
extraction sequence
Max Post, Max ant, max 1 m and max canine
Mand post, mand anterior, Mand 1m and mand canine
83
Most critical force/major motion in primary tooth
Lingual Force
84
Most important force in simple extraction
Tractional//Passive force
85
1st major motion in extraction, and expansion of socket
Apical
86
Sequence of Exo//Major motion
A
B
L
R
T
Apical
Buccal
Lingual
Rotational (Monorooted)
Tractional
87
most commonly used flap
Envelope flap
88
Most commonly used to incise flap
15 blade on scalpel 3
89
Most commonly used retractor
Austin and minnesota retractors
90
sequence of impacted tooth
3rd molar, max canine, mand. 2nd pm.
91
easy odontectomy
Mesioangular mandible
92
most common orientation in mandibular 3rd molar
Mesioangular
93
Most common orientation in maxillary 3rd molar
Vertical
94
mandibular 3rd molar ideal time to remove
2/3rds of the root is formed
95
main reason for delayed healing process
Infection
96
begins the moment tissue injury occurs
Inflammatory
97
1st stage of inflammatory
Hemostatis "clot"
98
Platelet adhere to collagen by
Von Willebrand factor
99
Platelet to platelet aggregation/adhesion
Thromboxane A2
100
Extrinsic pathway is measured by
Prothrombin Time
101
Intrinsic pathway is measured by
Partial thromboplastin time
102
Clotting factor number 2
Prothrombin
103
Major component of clot
Fibrin
104
___ converts fibrinogen to convert fibrin
Thrombin
105
Most common chief complaint
Dolor (Pain)
106
2nd most common chief complaint
Tumor
107
duration of less than 6 months inflammation is a __ inflammation
Acute
108
most abundant cell in pulp, PDL, connective tissue
Fibroblast
109
most abundant protein in the body
Collagen
110
basic unit of collagen
Tropocollagen
111
helps in the synthesis of collagen Vit _
C
112
component of granulation tissue
Endothelial cells, Fibroblasts
113
"Proud flesh" known as
Keloid
114
least severe nerve injury
Neuropraxia
115
Most severe nerve injury
Neurotmesis
116
2 factors for proper bone healing
Vascularity and mobility (immobile)
117
cells that is present for remodelling
Osteoblast and Osteoclast.
118
ability to form a new bone with the help of vital osteoblasts
Osteogenesis
119
from host-derived/transplanted osteoprogenitor cells along a biologic/alloplastic framework - scaffolding
Osteoconduction
120
from differentiation of osteopregenitor cells derived from primitive mesenchymal cells - osteoblasts production
Osteoinduction
121
no tissue loss, well repaired lacerations, well-reduced bone fractures is an example of what healing by intentions?
Primary healing
- Flap is a form of primary healing
122
Presence of gap, closes by re-epithelization, deep ulcers.
Secondary healing
123
Delayed wound healing, use of tissue Grafts is a form of what healing intention
Tertiary healing/Intention
124
most commonly used graft in oral and maxillofacial surgery, gold standard..
Autograft
125
most common extraoral site of autograft
ILIUM
126
most common intraoral site of autograft
Max. Tuberosity
- capable of hyperplasia
127
part of bone that has Structural capability; high bone morphogenic protein resulting to osteoinduction
Cortical Bone
128
part of bone that has rich cellular capability
Cancellous bone
129
graft; non identical same specie
Allograft
- cadaver
130
graft; identical graft
Isograft
131
most commonly used allograft
freeze-dried bone
together with autograft
132
synthetic graft/made
Alloplastic
133
Most common cause of post-exo bleeding
Failure to follow post-exo
134
Also known as contusion, happens after exo, blood vessel trauma, common in elderly, decreases with heat
Ecchymosis
135
Most commonly used & least expensive hemostatic agent absorbable gelatin sponge
Gelfoam
136
Gel foam is absorbed within
4-6 weeks
- scaffold of clot
- will not activate clotting factors
137
Patients who are taking prescribed medications should never stop during or after extraction to prevent:
Rebound thromboembolism
138
Oozing of blood 4-10 days after surgery, because of infection.
Secondary bleeding
139
Persistent bleeding even after completion of surgery
Primary bleeding
140
Common area affected in osteonecrosis, associated with biphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Mylohyoid ridge
141
Nerve that is commonly located at buccal & apical of mandibular 3rd molar
Inferior alveolar nerve
142
Nerve that is located at medial to lingual plate of mandibular 2nd molar and 3rd molar
Lingual Nerve
143
Most commonly to be exposed in wound dehiscence. Wound under tension area.
Internal Oblique Ridge
144
Most common reason alveolar process fracture, common in elderly (brittle bone)
Use of excessive force with forceps
145
Abnormal communication between maxillary sinus and oral cavity
Oro-antral communication
146
Most common type of oro-antral communication
Alveolar Type
147
Tx for 2-6mm oro-antral communication
Gelfoam with fig. Of 8, antibiotics (5D or 7Days) and decongestant (nasal & oral)
148
Tx for >6mm oro-antral communication
Bergers flap
149
Root displacement location of maxillary 3rd molar
Infratemporal space
150
Root displacement location of mandibular 3rd molar
Submandibular space
151
Tx for Root tip inside sinus
Antral lavage
- packaging of iodoform gauze strips
152
Common injuries to
Toddler
M>F
Class 2 div.1
Anterior > Posterior
Dentoalveolar injuries
153
Any tooth that undergo recent trauma will have a result in electric pulp test?
False Negative pulp test
154
Ulceration to a patient within 10 days, what will be the treatment?
Observe
-ulceration of malignancy for biopsy is more than 14 days (2wks)
155
Biopsy with the use of blade to make a hole, less likely to use in oral cavity
Punch Biopsy
156
Adjunct follow-up of biopsy
Cytology
157
Entire removal of lesion including 2-3mm of normal tissue
EXCISIONAL BIOPSY
158
Surgical biopsy If >2cm diameter, narrow, deep than shallow and broad, central areas are non diagnostic, suspected malignancy or encapsulated lesions.
Incisional Biopsy
159
Biopsy in any fluid-filled lesion, with the use of g16-18 needle with syringe of 5-10ml. Rules out vascular origin in intraosseous radiolucency
Aspiration biopsy
- all lesion must have aspiration biopsy except Mucocele
160
FNAB means
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
161
Choice of treatment for jaw cyst, entire cyst removal or shelling out w/out rupture
Enucleation "Cystectomy" / Partsch 2
162
Creating a surgical window in the cystic wall. decompression of vital structures.
Marsupialization "Cystotomy" / Partsch 1
163
Removal of a tumor by incising through uninvolved tissues around tumor
Resection
164
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy attacks what part of the cell
Nucleus / DNA
165
most commonly used radiotherapy method of the head and neck
Fractionation method
- 50-70 gray --- 5-7weeks
- <3cm without necrotic areas
- small increments
- radiosensitive cancer -- deterministic effect
166
Incision of the lingual frenum
Frenotomy or Frenectomy?
Frenotomy
Frenectomy - excision of the fibrous labial frenum
167
most common procedure that uses laser surgery
Gingivectomy
168
Removal of the alveolar bone
Alveolectomy
169
Recontouring of alv. bone
Alveoloplasty
170
reduction of labial bone maxillary
Dean's technique alveoloplasty
171
reduction of both labial and palatal cortical bone in maxillary
Obwegesers technique alveoloplasty
172
most common site of torus
Palate
173
surgical tech used in torus palatinus
Double y flap
- incision 1-1.5 cm beyond torus
Small torus - round acrylic burs
Large - crosscut fissure
Osteotome - Sectioning/splitting bone
Stent before removal - Cast - Support flap, prevent hematoma
174
Nerve to block/anesthetize in torus palatinus
Greater palatine nerve/ anterior palatine nerve & nasopalatine nerve located in incisive foramen
Lowe: IAN & Lingual Nerve
175
most common serious congenital anomaly affecting orofacial region
CLEFT
176
mOST COMMON BIRTH DEFECT
CLUB FOOT
177
cleft lip is more common in
Male > Female
Cleft palate : F>M
Combination : M > F
Unilateral common in left side.
Old age: increased risk
Common in 1st born baby, Asian, Hispanic.
178
Rule of 10 of cleft
10 weeks of age, 10 lbs of weight , 10 dl/mg of HGB in blood and NOT more than 10,000 WBC count.
179
Forms the Upper Lip
Median Nasal Process + Maxillary Process
180
Closure of Cleft LIP
CHEILORRAPHY
CHEILOPLASTY - REPAIR/RECONTOURING
181
MOST COMMON TECHNIQUE FOR MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT
Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
"BSSO / SSRO"
- intraoral
- lingual bone cut only until lingula, to prevent relapse
182
Form of a controlled fracture
Osteotomy
183
Most common maxillary surgical procedure AP, transverse & vertical abnormality
LE FORT 1 surgery
- incision @level of apices - to prevent relapse
184
alloplasty a synthetic graft with the use of
Hydroxyapatite
185
Anterior mandibular horizontal osteotomy is also called
Done only for Esthetic purposes.
Genioplasty
186
Confirmatory test for max fracture
CT Scan
187
Essential feature in le fort for diagnosis is
Fracture of pterygoid
188
Most common mandibular fracture
CONDYLE
Least common: Coronoid Process
Fracture of body of mandible is the most common cause of Lip Paresthesia
189
Incomplete type of fracture , common in condyle and children
Greenstick Fracture
Simple Fx - Complete
Compound Fx - Communication to outside
Comminuted - in Pieces GUNSHOT
190
Most complication of a compound fracture
Infection
191
most common cause of displacement of fractured mandible
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
MC pathognomonic sign of mandibular fracture: MALOCCLUSION
192
most common site of laceration of mandibular fracture
Under chin
Large laceration = Sublingual hematoma
193
SUNKEN EYES
Enophthalmos
194
radiograph: hanging drop appearance in max sinus, sunken eyes is a fracture of
Blowout fracture of Orbit
195
Airway opening 1st maneuver
Head tilt, Chin lift
196
Most vital part of the brain
Medulla Oblongata
- vital visceral activities
197
Breath rate
16-20 breaths/min
198
Most common type of shock
Hemorrhagic Shock
199
Pulse rate
60-100 Bpm
200
Pupillary constriction
Miosis
201
Open reduction internal fixation and gunning splint is used for
Edentulous Patient
202
Process of putting back/approximating bones edges together
Reduction
203
Anchoring of bone place in screws, rods.
Fixation
204
temporary stabilization of mandibular fracture
Barton Bandage
205
immobilization for children fracture
2 weeks
ADULT: 4-6 weeks
206
area of fracture bone that degenerate
Eburnation
207
failure to unite causes eburnation
Non-union
208
