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DMD > Oral Surgery > Flashcards

Oral Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Main function of FLAP

A

Access!

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2
Q

Right handed dentist’s static zone

A

12-2 o’clock

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3
Q

Right handed dentist’s transfer zone

A

4-7 o’clock

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4
Q

Right handed dentist’s Operation zone

A

7-12 o’clock

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5
Q

Right handed dentist’s assistant’s zone

A

2-4 o’clock

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6
Q

hand instrument that is semi-critical that do not penetrate tissue/soft tissue but contact oral tissues

A

Mouth mirror

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7
Q

non-critical instrument that do not come in contact with oral & body fluids

A

Liners and Bases, compo.. etc.

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8
Q

a category of instrument that has direct contact with soft tissue/bone

A

Critical Instrument
- forceps etc.

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9
Q

Grasp for Control

A

Pen Grasp

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10
Q

Grasp for Force

A

Palm Grasp

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11
Q

Preferred type of tissue handling/forcep

A

Hooks or toothed forceps

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12
Q

most commonly used irrigant

A

0.9%NSS

BOARDS: 0.85% NSS

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13
Q

Major organ for Clot formation

A

Liver

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14
Q

the mechanism that leads to cessation of bleeding from a blood vessel,
Clot formation is also called

A

Hemostasis

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15
Q

Primary method for achieving site hemostasis

A

PRESSURE
- Small Blood V: 20-30 sec
- Large BV: 5-10mins

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16
Q

tea bag promotes clotting mechanism because of its content

A

Tannic Acid

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17
Q

dead space management placement of pack pressure dressing called

A

Surgicel

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18
Q

careful removal of necrotic, foreign & severely ischemic material

A

Debridement

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19
Q

Most commonly used debridement

A

3% Hydrogen Peroxide
- used for mouthwash ANUG
- intracanal medicament

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20
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid, blood vessel leakage into nearby tissues

A

EDEMA

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21
Q

Areas of high blood vessel connective tissue in oral cavity

A

Lips & Flood of the mouth

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22
Q

px with recent heart attack, MI, will have a surgery after?

A

6 months

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23
Q

A patient is undergoing dialysis, surgery is scheduled

A

the day after dialysis

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24
Q

Main function of Flap

A

Access/Accessibility

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25
Q

Separation of flap, dead space

A

Dehiscence

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26
Q

flap that includes periosteum, mucosa, submucosa, and it is needed in any type of BONE surgery

A

Full-thickness flap

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27
Q

flap used in apicoectomy (very effective), small cysts and root tips. Bow-shaped and a curve incision. the lowest point of incision must be 0.5cm from free gingival margin

A

Semilunar Flap

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28
Q

the four corner flap. two oblique incision extending to buccal vestibule. The rule is 1 ant. and 1 posterior.

A

Trapezoidal Flap
- attached gingiva can have recession

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29
Q

the most commonly used flap in odon./ all procedure.
rule: 2 ant. 1 post.
also known as sulcular flap.

A

Envelope Flap

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30
Q

Pedicle and bergers flap is used in

A

Closure of oro antral fistula

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31
Q

a form of buccal mucosal flap and the most commonly used flap to close oro-antral fistula

A

Bergers Flap

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32
Q

a form of palatal mucosa flap to close oro-antral fistula

A

Pedicle Flap

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33
Q

Flap used in torus removal

A

Y flap tech.

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34
Q

Flap used in PFM

A

Ochsenbeinluebke / Alveolar -mucosal flap / Submarginal Flap

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35
Q

a form of open curettage procedure, debridement of root surface & rem. of granulation tissue. Indicated to all types of periodontal disease

A

Modified-Widman Flap
(not to eliminate pocket)

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36
Q

Used to stabilize flap

A

Suture

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37
Q

smallest suture available in the market

A

11-0
- for eyes

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38
Q

largest suture available in the market

A

7

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39
Q

most commonly used suture in dentistry

A

3-0 black silk

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40
Q

non-resorbable sutures is best used in

A

Multiple extraction

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41
Q

most intensive non-resorbable suture inflammatory response

A

Silk
-came from silk worm
-most economical.

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42
Q

1st synthetic suture

A

Nylon

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43
Q

a ____ suture is used in single exo, mentally handicapped children

A

Resorbable

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44
Q

Gut came from

A

Cattle intima

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45
Q

MC used knots in dentistry

A

Triple Throw Knots

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46
Q

Basic of most knots

A

Single Knot/Half Hitch

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47
Q

Removal of non resorbable suture intraoral

A

5-7 days

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48
Q

removal of suture in scalp

A

5-7

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49
Q

Resorbable suture that has high inflammatory response

A

GUT

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50
Q

Suture cut - mm from the knot

A

2-3

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51
Q

Suture placed 2-3 mm from the incision line - mm apart.

A

3-4

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52
Q

stitch technique used for closure of extraction sites

A

Figure of 8 / “Stitch Tie”

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53
Q

most commonly used drain

A

1/4 inch Penrose drain

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54
Q

most common reason of extraction

A

Caries

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55
Q

2nd most common reason of extraction

A

Necrotic pulp/Irreversible pulpitis

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56
Q

most commonly used Scalpel #

A

3

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57
Q

ends of Mucoperiosteal elevator/ Molt 9 for twisting, prying motion to elevate interdental papilla

A

SHarp end

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58
Q

ends of Mucoperiosteal elevator/ Molt 9 for push stroke to separate periosteum from the bone

A

Blunt End

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59
Q

most common retractor

A

Austin, Minnesota

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60
Q

Most commonly used tongue retractor

A

Mouth mirror

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61
Q

enucleation is also known as

A

Cystectomy

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62
Q

hold cyst during enucleation

A

Bobcock

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63
Q

most commonly used hemostat to control hemorrhages

A

Curved hemostat

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64
Q

most commonly used to remove bone

A

Rongeur
- side and end cutting most practical use

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65
Q

removes/smoothen rough edges of bone

A

Bone file
- always toward the operator
- pull stroke in general

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66
Q

Removal of cyst/granulation from socket, removes soft tissues from bony cavities

A

Curette
- Angled double ended most commonly used

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67
Q

most commonly used scissor to cut suture

A

Dean’s scissors

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68
Q

most commonly used needle holder

A

Meyo-hegar

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69
Q

most commonly used suture in oral mucosa

A

3-0 black silk

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70
Q

most commonly used irrigation

A

NSS 0.9%

BOARDS: 0.85%

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71
Q

extractions key instrument, loosen tooth from surrounding bone.

A

Elevators

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72
Q

most commonly used elevator

A

straight elevator

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73
Q

elevator follows the principle of

A

Lever

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74
Q

alveolar bone removal of an elevator-luxated teeth from socket

A

Forceps

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75
Q

tractional force of forceps

A

Passive

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76
Q

beak of the forceps should adapt

A

to the root as apical as possible

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77
Q

Forceps 69

A

Root fragment Max & Md.

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78
Q

Cowhorn

A

16 mandi molars

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79
Q

210s

A

max 2m.

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80
Q

positioning of mandibular extraction

A

Occlusal plane be parallel to the floor, patients mouth is at or slightly below the operator’s shoulder

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81
Q

positioning of maxillary extraction

A

Patient’s mouth is at the operator’s shoulder
occlusal plane be 45-60degree from the floor.

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82
Q

extraction sequence

A

Max Post, Max ant, max 1 m and max canine
Mand post, mand anterior, Mand 1m and mand canine

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83
Q

Most critical force/major motion in primary tooth

A

Lingual Force

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84
Q

Most important force in simple extraction

A

Tractional//Passive force

85
Q

1st major motion in extraction, and expansion of socket

A

Apical

86
Q

Sequence of Exo//Major motion

A
B
L
R
T

A

Apical
Buccal
Lingual
Rotational (Monorooted)
Tractional

87
Q

most commonly used flap

A

Envelope flap

88
Q

Most commonly used to incise flap

A

15 blade on scalpel 3

89
Q

Most commonly used retractor

A

Austin and minnesota retractors

90
Q

sequence of impacted tooth

A

3rd molar, max canine, mand. 2nd pm.

91
Q

easy odontectomy

A

Mesioangular mandible

92
Q

most common orientation in mandibular 3rd molar

A

Mesioangular

93
Q

Most common orientation in maxillary 3rd molar

A

Vertical

94
Q

mandibular 3rd molar ideal time to remove

A

2/3rds of the root is formed

95
Q

main reason for delayed healing process

A

Infection

96
Q

begins the moment tissue injury occurs

A

Inflammatory

97
Q

1st stage of inflammatory

A

Hemostatis “clot”

98
Q

Platelet adhere to collagen by

A

Von Willebrand factor

99
Q

Platelet to platelet aggregation/adhesion

A

Thromboxane A2

100
Q

Extrinsic pathway is measured by

A

Prothrombin Time

101
Q

Intrinsic pathway is measured by

A

Partial thromboplastin time

102
Q

Clotting factor number 2

A

Prothrombin

103
Q

Major component of clot

A

Fibrin

104
Q

___ converts fibrinogen to convert fibrin

A

Thrombin

105
Q

Most common chief complaint

A

Dolor (Pain)

106
Q

2nd most common chief complaint

A

Tumor

107
Q

duration of less than 6 months inflammation is a __ inflammation

A

Acute

108
Q

most abundant cell in pulp, PDL, connective tissue

A

Fibroblast

109
Q

most abundant protein in the body

A

Collagen

110
Q

basic unit of collagen

A

Tropocollagen

111
Q

helps in the synthesis of collagen Vit _

A

C

112
Q

component of granulation tissue

A

Endothelial cells, Fibroblasts

113
Q

“Proud flesh” known as

A

Keloid

114
Q

least severe nerve injury

A

Neuropraxia

115
Q

Most severe nerve injury

A

Neurotmesis

116
Q

2 factors for proper bone healing

A

Vascularity and mobility (immobile)

117
Q

cells that is present for remodelling

A

Osteoblast and Osteoclast.

118
Q

ability to form a new bone with the help of vital osteoblasts

A

Osteogenesis

119
Q

from host-derived/transplanted osteoprogenitor cells along a biologic/alloplastic framework - scaffolding

A

Osteoconduction

120
Q

from differentiation of osteopregenitor cells derived from primitive mesenchymal cells - osteoblasts production

A

Osteoinduction

121
Q

no tissue loss, well repaired lacerations, well-reduced bone fractures is an example of what healing by intentions?

A

Primary healing
- Flap is a form of primary healing

122
Q

Presence of gap, closes by re-epithelization, deep ulcers.

A

Secondary healing

123
Q

Delayed wound healing, use of tissue Grafts is a form of what healing intention

A

Tertiary healing/Intention

124
Q

most commonly used graft in oral and maxillofacial surgery, gold standard..

A

Autograft

125
Q

most common extraoral site of autograft

A

ILIUM

126
Q

most common intraoral site of autograft

A

Max. Tuberosity
- capable of hyperplasia

127
Q

part of bone that has Structural capability; high bone morphogenic protein resulting to osteoinduction

A

Cortical Bone

128
Q

part of bone that has rich cellular capability

A

Cancellous bone

129
Q

graft; non identical same specie

A

Allograft
- cadaver

130
Q

graft; identical graft

A

Isograft

131
Q

most commonly used allograft

A

freeze-dried bone
together with autograft

132
Q

synthetic graft/made

A

Alloplastic

133
Q

Most common cause of post-exo bleeding

A

Failure to follow post-exo

134
Q

Also known as contusion, happens after exo, blood vessel trauma, common in elderly, decreases with heat

A

Ecchymosis

135
Q

Most commonly used & least expensive hemostatic agent absorbable gelatin sponge

A

Gelfoam

136
Q

Gel foam is absorbed within

A

4-6 weeks
- scaffold of clot
- will not activate clotting factors

137
Q

Patients who are taking prescribed medications should never stop during or after extraction to prevent:

A

Rebound thromboembolism

138
Q

Oozing of blood 4-10 days after surgery, because of infection.

A

Secondary bleeding

139
Q

Persistent bleeding even after completion of surgery

A

Primary bleeding

140
Q

Common area affected in osteonecrosis, associated with biphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw

A

Mylohyoid ridge

141
Q

Nerve that is commonly located at buccal & apical of mandibular 3rd molar

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

142
Q

Nerve that is located at medial to lingual plate of mandibular 2nd molar and 3rd molar

A

Lingual Nerve

143
Q

Most commonly to be exposed in wound dehiscence. Wound under tension area.

A

Internal Oblique Ridge

144
Q

Most common reason alveolar process fracture, common in elderly (brittle bone)

A

Use of excessive force with forceps

145
Q

Abnormal communication between maxillary sinus and oral cavity

A

Oro-antral communication

146
Q

Most common type of oro-antral communication

A

Alveolar Type

147
Q

Tx for 2-6mm oro-antral communication

A

Gelfoam with fig. Of 8, antibiotics (5D or 7Days) and decongestant (nasal & oral)

148
Q

Tx for >6mm oro-antral communication

A

Bergers flap

149
Q

Root displacement location of maxillary 3rd molar

A

Infratemporal space

150
Q

Root displacement location of mandibular 3rd molar

A

Submandibular space

151
Q

Tx for Root tip inside sinus

A

Antral lavage
- packaging of iodoform gauze strips

152
Q

Common injuries to

Toddler
M>F
Class 2 div.1
Anterior > Posterior

A

Dentoalveolar injuries

153
Q

Any tooth that undergo recent trauma will have a result in electric pulp test?

A

False Negative pulp test

154
Q

Ulceration to a patient within 10 days, what will be the treatment?

A

Observe

-ulceration of malignancy for biopsy is more than 14 days (2wks)

155
Q

Biopsy with the use of blade to make a hole, less likely to use in oral cavity

A

Punch Biopsy

156
Q

Adjunct follow-up of biopsy

A

Cytology

157
Q

Entire removal of lesion including 2-3mm of normal tissue

A

EXCISIONAL BIOPSY

158
Q

Surgical biopsy If >2cm diameter, narrow, deep than shallow and broad, central areas are non diagnostic, suspected malignancy or encapsulated lesions.

A

Incisional Biopsy

159
Q

Biopsy in any fluid-filled lesion, with the use of g16-18 needle with syringe of 5-10ml. Rules out vascular origin in intraosseous radiolucency

A

Aspiration biopsy
- all lesion must have aspiration biopsy except Mucocele

160
Q

FNAB means

A

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy

161
Q

Choice of treatment for jaw cyst, entire cyst removal or shelling out w/out rupture

A

Enucleation “Cystectomy” / Partsch 2

162
Q

Creating a surgical window in the cystic wall. decompression of vital structures.

A

Marsupialization “Cystotomy” / Partsch 1

163
Q

Removal of a tumor by incising through uninvolved tissues around tumor

A

Resection

164
Q

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy attacks what part of the cell

A

Nucleus / DNA

165
Q

most commonly used radiotherapy method of the head and neck

A

Fractionation method
- 50-70 gray — 5-7weeks
- <3cm without necrotic areas
- small increments
- radiosensitive cancer – deterministic effect

166
Q

Incision of the lingual frenum

Frenotomy or Frenectomy?

A

Frenotomy

Frenectomy - excision of the fibrous labial frenum

167
Q

most common procedure that uses laser surgery

A

Gingivectomy

168
Q

Removal of the alveolar bone

A

Alveolectomy

169
Q

Recontouring of alv. bone

A

Alveoloplasty

170
Q

reduction of labial bone maxillary

A

Dean’s technique alveoloplasty

171
Q

reduction of both labial and palatal cortical bone in maxillary

A

Obwegesers technique alveoloplasty

172
Q

most common site of torus

A

Palate

173
Q

surgical tech used in torus palatinus

A

Double y flap
- incision 1-1.5 cm beyond torus

Small torus - round acrylic burs
Large - crosscut fissure
Osteotome - Sectioning/splitting bone
Stent before removal - Cast - Support flap, prevent hematoma

174
Q

Nerve to block/anesthetize in torus palatinus

A

Greater palatine nerve/ anterior palatine nerve & nasopalatine nerve located in incisive foramen

Lowe: IAN & Lingual Nerve

175
Q

most common serious congenital anomaly affecting orofacial region

A

CLEFT

176
Q

mOST COMMON BIRTH DEFECT

A

CLUB FOOT

177
Q

cleft lip is more common in

A

Male > Female

Cleft palate : F>M
Combination : M > F

Unilateral common in left side.
Old age: increased risk
Common in 1st born baby, Asian, Hispanic.

178
Q

Rule of 10 of cleft

A

10 weeks of age, 10 lbs of weight , 10 dl/mg of HGB in blood and NOT more than 10,000 WBC count.

179
Q

Forms the Upper Lip

A

Median Nasal Process + Maxillary Process

180
Q

Closure of Cleft LIP

A

CHEILORRAPHY

CHEILOPLASTY - REPAIR/RECONTOURING

181
Q

MOST COMMON TECHNIQUE FOR MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT

A

Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
“BSSO / SSRO”
- intraoral
- lingual bone cut only until lingula, to prevent relapse

182
Q

Form of a controlled fracture

A

Osteotomy

183
Q

Most common maxillary surgical procedure AP, transverse & vertical abnormality

A

LE FORT 1 surgery
- incision @level of apices - to prevent relapse

184
Q

alloplasty a synthetic graft with the use of

A

Hydroxyapatite

185
Q

Anterior mandibular horizontal osteotomy is also called
Done only for Esthetic purposes.

A

Genioplasty

186
Q

Confirmatory test for max fracture

A

CT Scan

187
Q

Essential feature in le fort for diagnosis is

A

Fracture of pterygoid

188
Q

Most common mandibular fracture

A

CONDYLE

Least common: Coronoid Process
Fracture of body of mandible is the most common cause of Lip Paresthesia

189
Q

Incomplete type of fracture , common in condyle and children

A

Greenstick Fracture

Simple Fx - Complete
Compound Fx - Communication to outside
Comminuted - in Pieces GUNSHOT

190
Q

Most complication of a compound fracture

A

Infection

191
Q

most common cause of displacement of fractured mandible

A

Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

MC pathognomonic sign of mandibular fracture: MALOCCLUSION

192
Q

most common site of laceration of mandibular fracture

A

Under chin

Large laceration = Sublingual hematoma

193
Q

SUNKEN EYES

A

Enophthalmos

194
Q

radiograph: hanging drop appearance in max sinus, sunken eyes is a fracture of

A

Blowout fracture of Orbit

195
Q

Airway opening 1st maneuver

A

Head tilt, Chin lift

196
Q

Most vital part of the brain

A

Medulla Oblongata
- vital visceral activities

197
Q

Breath rate

A

16-20 breaths/min

198
Q

Most common type of shock

A

Hemorrhagic Shock

199
Q

Pulse rate

A

60-100 Bpm

200
Q

Pupillary constriction

A

Miosis

201
Q

Open reduction internal fixation and gunning splint is used for

A

Edentulous Patient

202
Q

Process of putting back/approximating bones edges together

A

Reduction

203
Q

Anchoring of bone place in screws, rods.

A

Fixation

204
Q

temporary stabilization of mandibular fracture

A

Barton Bandage

205
Q

immobilization for children fracture

A

2 weeks

ADULT: 4-6 weeks

206
Q

area of fracture bone that degenerate

A

Eburnation

207
Q

failure to unite causes eburnation

A

Non-union

208
Q
A

DMD (24 decks)

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