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DMD > Periodontology > Flashcards

Periodontology Flashcards

1
Q

Gold Standard for Periodontal Assessment

A

Periodontal Probe

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2
Q

Most important reason for Periodontal probe use

A

Determines attachment loss

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3
Q

Periodontal Probe: Force

A

10-25 Grams

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4
Q

Most accurate for Bone Loss Assessment and interproximal caries

A

Bitewing Radiograph

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5
Q

Most common radiograph for preliminary assessment

A

Full-Mouth Periapical Radiograph

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6
Q

Most commonly used Mouth Mirror

A

4, #5

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7
Q

It is the most reliable indicator of Gingivitis/Periodontitis

A

BLEEDING

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8
Q

Most definitive sign of Gingivitis

A

Bleeding on Probing

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9
Q

Probe from gingival margin to bottom of pocket

A

Probing pocket depth

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10
Q

Probe from CEJ to bottom of pocket & most accurate measurement of Perio

A

Clinical Attachment loss/Probing Attachment level

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11
Q
  1. Most Commonly used CLINICAL TEST
  2. Most Commonly used CLINICAL TOOL
A
  1. Percussion
  2. Radiograph/Xray
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12
Q

Most common pattern of Bone Loss

A

Horizontal Bone Loss

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13
Q

Furcation Assessment: Uses Naber’s Probe
*Maxilla = 1. _________ _____ At Palatal Area
2. _________ _____ at Palatal/Buccal Area
*Mandible = 3.

A
  1. Mesial Furcation
  2. Distal Furcation
  3. Buccal/Lingual
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14
Q

Glickman Classification:
Grade 1 -
Grade 2 -
Grade 3 -
Grade 4 -

A
  1. Incipient Bone Loss - Furcation Opening Peel
  2. Partial Bone Loss - Tip Enters Furcation
  3. Complete Bone Loss - Through and Trough
  4. Complete Bone Loss - Clinically Visible
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15
Q

Glickman Classification Grade 2 is also known as?

A

“Cul De Sac”

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16
Q

3 Drugs that causes gingival enlargement/Hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
Nifedipine
Cyclosporine

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17
Q

Best single action to prevent gingivitis

A

Hygiene

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18
Q
  1. Plaque Causes:
  2. Caries Causes:
A
  1. Periodontal Disease
  2. Pulpitis
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19
Q

Indices used in Perio Assessment: (Com. Dent)

  1. Measures pocket depth. Good for community
  2. Measures clinical attachment loss. Clinically for 1 person
A
  1. Periodontal Index (by RUSSEL)
  2. Periodontal Disease Index (by RAMFJORD)
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20
Q

CPITN

A

Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (WHO)

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21
Q

Earliest sign of Gingivitis

A

Redness

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22
Q

Pathognomonic sign of Gingivitis

A

BLEEDING

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23
Q

Predominant Periodontal disease

A

Gingivitis

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24
Q

1st change in epithelial attachment due to inflammation

A

Junctional Epithelium Proliferation

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25
Q

Histopathlogy of a Developing Gingivitis:
1. What cell is responsible for Initial/transient gingivitis (No sign/symptoms, Inc. GCF, 2-4 Days)
2. What cell is responsible for Early/Developing gingivitis (Plaque over growth phase, 4-7 Days =BOP, Collagen destruction)
3. “ “ “ “ Established/Chronic

A
  1. Polymononuclear Cells (PMN’s)
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Plasma Cells - IgA
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26
Q

MOST COMMON FORM OF GINGIVITIS

A

PLAQUE INDUCED GINGIVITIS

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27
Q

Phenytoin, Cyclosporine, Nifedipine
Gingiva related to this medication is?

A

Fibrotic

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28
Q

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis is common in

A

<10 yrs old

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29
Q

Early diagnosis of ANUG

A

Ulceration of interdental papilla

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30
Q

Diagnosis of ANUG is best made by

A

Clinical Sign & Symptoms

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31
Q

Primary result of trauma / The result of trauma

A

Mobility

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32
Q

Mobility with patient’s discomfort treatment?

A

Splint

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33
Q

Most common discoloration in
1. Gingivitis
2. Periodontitis

A
  1. Redness
  2. Cyanosis
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34
Q

Most common cause of tooth loss in first 2 decades of life

A

Dental Caries (Increase age, increase generalized sclerotic dentin)

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35
Q

Most common cause of tooth loss in adult population

A

Periodontal Disease

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36
Q

Appearance of Acute-Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis?

A

Punched-out with Pain

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37
Q

ANUG is covered by

A

Pseudomembrane

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38
Q

Emotional factor of ANUG, responsible for exacerbation, remission?

A

STRESS

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39
Q

“Shedding-off” of eroded looking, fiery red, glazed gingiva

A

Desquamative Gingivitis

40
Q

Trauma from Occlusion
1. NORMAL HEIGHT OF PERIODONTIUM, FROM ALTERATIONS OF OCCLUSAL FORCES
2. DECREASED HEIGHT OF PERIODONTIUM, FORM DECREASE ABILITY OF TISSUE TO RESIST OCCLUSAL FORCES

A
  1. Primary Trauma - Normal, Occlusal Forces
  2. Secondary Trauma - Decreased Periodontium
41
Q

Management of Trauma:
1. Increased mobility w/ normal perio. Support:
2. Increased mobility w/ Plaque induced perio. Breakdown:
3. Increased mobility w/ Reduced perio. Support:

A
  1. Occlusal Adjustment
  2. Treat the disease first then mobility
  3. Periodontal therapy -> Splint

**Treat Inflammation before mobility

42
Q

Most common color change noted with periodontal disease

A

Cyanosis

43
Q

Most common lost teeth due to periodontal disease

A

Molars (Max,Mand)
1PM (Max)

44
Q

3 Stages of periodontitis

A
  1. Early - Alveolar bone crest
  2. Moderate - Alveolar bone + Mobility
  3. Advanced - Excessive mobility and drifting
45
Q

Risk factors bacteria

A. Gram Positve, Red complex MO
B. Gram Negative, Red Complex MO
C. Gram Negative, Yellow Complex MO
D. Gram Positive, Yellow Complex MO

A

B. Gram Negative, Red complex microorganisms.

46
Q

Risk factors for stress hormone release

A

Cortisol

—> Increase gluconeogenesis -> Decrease immune response

47
Q

Risk Factors:
Immunosuppressant effect, #1 habit dangerous to heart, considered the primary major risk of perio.

A

Cigarette Smoking

48
Q

Most abundant WBC

A

Neutrophil

49
Q

Defective synthesis of Collagen type 1 & 3, skin hyperelasticity and joint hypermobility, associated with periodontal disease.

A

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

50
Q

Most common cause of genetic mental retardation, one extra chromosome 21

A

Down’s Syndrome

51
Q

Microorganism responsible for Localized Agg. Periodontitis?

A

Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans

52
Q

Microorg. Responsible for Generalized Periodontitis?

A

Porphyromonas Gingivalis

53
Q

Distribution of:
1. Localized Perio.
2. Generalized Perio.

A
  1. Incisors, 1st Molars (1 tooth only)
  2. At least 3 tooth
54
Q

POCKET:
1. Bottom of pocket is coronal to alveolar bone
2. Bottom of pocket is apical to alveolar bone

A. SUPRABONY
B. INFRABONY

A
  1. Suprabony (Supracrestal)
  2. Infrabony (Subcrestal)
55
Q

Bone Destruction:
1. Denuded areas extending to Marginal Gingiva
2. Pathologic bone window

A. DEHISCENCE
B. FENESTRATION

A
  1. Dehiscence (Receded Bone)
  2. Fenestration

**both most common in: Anterior, Facial.

56
Q

Most common osseous defect

A

2 wall / Crater

57
Q

Poor prognosis osseous defect

A

1 wall / Hemiseptum

58
Q

Good prognosis osseous defect

A

3 wall

59
Q

Simpliest assessment for osseous defect?

A

Exploration

60
Q

Best assessment for osseous defect

A

Flap

61
Q

Host immune response responsible for intracellular signals

A

Cytokines

62
Q

Efficient method/technique for toothbrushing

A. Bass
B. Sulcular
C. All of the above
D. None

A

C. ALL: Bass/Sulcular technique

63
Q

Change of toothbrush is every?

A

3-4 months

64
Q

Best toothbrushing is accomplished by _______, _____ brush w/ rounded nylon bristle tips

A. Hard, 2-3cm
B. Rigid, 1-3cm
C. Soft, 2-3cm
D. Soft, 1-3cm

A

C. Soft, 2-3CM

65
Q

ANUG Mouthwash

A. Water
B. Hydrogen Peroxide
C. Chlorhexidine
D. All of the above

A

B. Hydrogen Peroxide

66
Q

Recommended mouthwash for dental plaque control

A. Chlorhexidine - 0.2%
B. Chlorhexidine - 0.15%
C. Chlorhexidine - 0.12%
D. Hydrogen Peroxide

A

B. Chlorhexidine - 0.12%

67
Q

Side effect of chlorhexidine

A. Orange Staining
B. Brown
C. Black
D. Gingivitis

A

Brown staining

68
Q

Best criteria to evaluate success of scaling and root planing?

A

NO BOP (Bleeding on Probing)

69
Q

Removal of supragingival and subgingival plaque, calculus and deposits removal

A. Scaling
B. Root Planing
C. Curettage

A

A. Scaling

70
Q

Scraping removal of the inner surface of gingival wall

A. Scaling
B. Root Planing
C. Curettage

A

C. Curettage

71
Q

Instrument for subgingival calculus, choice for scaling and root planing.

A. Scaling
B. Root Planing
C. Curette

A

C. Curette

72
Q

Removal of embedded calculus and areas of cementum.

A. Scaling
B. Root Planing
C. Curette
D. Curettage
E. All of the above

A

B. Root Planing

73
Q

Instrument for removal of supragingival calculus

A. Scaler
B. Sickle
C. Scaling
D. Scaling and Root planing

A

A. Scaler

74
Q

Most common scaler to remove moderate to heavy calcular deposits.

A. Sickle
B. Files
C. Chisel
D. Hoe

A

A. Sickle

75
Q

Area Specific curette

A. Gracey
B. Universal

A

A.Gracey

76
Q

Gracey curette 1-2, 3-4

A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.

A

A. Anteriors

77
Q

Curette: 13-14, 17-18

A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.

A

E. Distal Posterior.

78
Q

Curette: 5-6

A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.

A

B. Anteriors and Premolars

79
Q

Curette; 11-12, 15-16

A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.

A

D. Mesial Posterior

80
Q

Curette: 7-8, 9-10

A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.

A

C. Bucco-Lingual Post.

81
Q

Area-Specific curette angulation

A. 90 degrees
B. 70 degrees

A

B. 70 Degrees

82
Q

Spoon-shaped blade, rounded toe & back

A. Sickle Scaler
B. Universal Curette
C. Area-Specific curette

A

C. Area-specific Curette

83
Q

Sickle scaler & universal curette angulation:

A. 90
B. 70

A

A. 90 degrees

84
Q

Indication of curettage

A. Inflamed
B. Edematous gingiva
C. Calculus
D. Both A & B
E. Both A & C

A

Inflamed & edematous gingiva

85
Q

Ultrasonic instruments: Elliptical Pattern

A. Magnetostrictive
B. Piezoelectric

A

A. Magnetostrictive

86
Q

Removes extrinsic stains and soft deposits

A. Prophy-Jet
B. Rubber cups & bristle brushes

A

A. Prophy-Jet (Water Pressure Device)

87
Q

Ultrasonic Instruments: Linear Pattern

A. Magnetostrictive
B. Piezoelectric

A

B. Piezoelectric

88
Q

Removes plaque and stains

A

Rubber cups and bristle brushes

89
Q

Concentrated in GCF, Plasma, Inhibits MMP/Anti-collagenolytic effect

A. Azitrhomycin
B. Tetracycline

A

B. Tetracycline

90
Q

Drug that concentrates in gingival tissues

A. Azithromycin
B. Tetracyline

A

A. Azithromycin

91
Q

The primary goal of creating flap

A

Access

92
Q

Excision of gingiva

A. Gingivectomy
B. Gingivoplasty

A

A. Gingivectomy

93
Q

Reshaping of deformities

A. Gingivectomy
B. Gingivoplasty

A

B.Gingivoplasty

94
Q

Most common procedure that uses laser

A. Gingivectomy
B. Gingivoplasty

A

A. Gingivectomy

95
Q

Father of osseous surgery

A. Black
B. Angle
C. Schuluger
D. Freud

A

C. Schuluger

96
Q

Reshaping of Alveolar process to achieve a more physiological form without removal of supporting bone

A. Ostectomy
B. Osteoplasty

A

B. Osteoplasty

97
Q

Excision of bone part of the bone to eliminate perio. Pocket and establish gingival contours that will be maintained

A. Ostectomy
B. Osteoplasty

A

A. Ostectomy

DMD (24 decks)

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