Periodontology Flashcards
1
Q
Gold Standard for Periodontal Assessment
A
Periodontal Probe
2
Q
Most important reason for Periodontal probe use
A
Determines attachment loss
3
Q
Periodontal Probe: Force
A
10-25 Grams
4
Q
Most accurate for Bone Loss Assessment and interproximal caries
A
Bitewing Radiograph
5
Q
Most common radiograph for preliminary assessment
A
Full-Mouth Periapical Radiograph
6
Q
Most commonly used Mouth Mirror
A
4, #5
7
Q
It is the most reliable indicator of Gingivitis/Periodontitis
A
BLEEDING
8
Q
Most definitive sign of Gingivitis
A
Bleeding on Probing
9
Q
Probe from gingival margin to bottom of pocket
A
Probing pocket depth
10
Q
Probe from CEJ to bottom of pocket & most accurate measurement of Perio
A
Clinical Attachment loss/Probing Attachment level
11
Q
- Most Commonly used CLINICAL TEST
- Most Commonly used CLINICAL TOOL
A
- Percussion
- Radiograph/Xray
12
Q
Most common pattern of Bone Loss
A
Horizontal Bone Loss
13
Q
Furcation Assessment: Uses Naber’s Probe
*Maxilla = 1. _________ _____ At Palatal Area
2. _________ _____ at Palatal/Buccal Area
*Mandible = 3.
A
- Mesial Furcation
- Distal Furcation
- Buccal/Lingual
14
Q
Glickman Classification:
Grade 1 -
Grade 2 -
Grade 3 -
Grade 4 -
A
- Incipient Bone Loss - Furcation Opening Peel
- Partial Bone Loss - Tip Enters Furcation
- Complete Bone Loss - Through and Trough
- Complete Bone Loss - Clinically Visible
15
Q
Glickman Classification Grade 2 is also known as?
A
“Cul De Sac”
16
Q
3 Drugs that causes gingival enlargement/Hyperplasia
A
Phenytoin
Nifedipine
Cyclosporine
17
Q
Best single action to prevent gingivitis
A
Hygiene
18
Q
- Plaque Causes:
- Caries Causes:
A
- Periodontal Disease
- Pulpitis
19
Q
Indices used in Perio Assessment: (Com. Dent)
- Measures pocket depth. Good for community
- Measures clinical attachment loss. Clinically for 1 person
A
- Periodontal Index (by RUSSEL)
- Periodontal Disease Index (by RAMFJORD)
20
Q
CPITN
A
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (WHO)
21
Q
Earliest sign of Gingivitis
A
Redness
22
Q
Pathognomonic sign of Gingivitis
A
BLEEDING
23
Q
Predominant Periodontal disease
A
Gingivitis
24
Q
1st change in epithelial attachment due to inflammation
A
Junctional Epithelium Proliferation
25
Histopathlogy of a Developing Gingivitis:
1. What cell is responsible for Initial/transient gingivitis (No sign/symptoms, Inc. GCF, 2-4 Days)
2. What cell is responsible for Early/Developing gingivitis (Plaque over growth phase, 4-7 Days =BOP, Collagen destruction)
3. “ “ “ “ Established/Chronic
1. Polymononuclear Cells (PMN’s)
2. Lymphocytes
3. Plasma Cells - IgA
26
MOST COMMON FORM OF GINGIVITIS
PLAQUE INDUCED GINGIVITIS
27
Phenytoin, Cyclosporine, Nifedipine
Gingiva related to this medication is?
Fibrotic
28
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis is common in
<10 yrs old
29
Early diagnosis of ANUG
Ulceration of interdental papilla
30
Diagnosis of ANUG is best made by
Clinical Sign & Symptoms
31
Primary result of trauma / The result of trauma
Mobility
32
Mobility with patient’s discomfort treatment?
Splint
33
Most common discoloration in
1. Gingivitis
2. Periodontitis
1. Redness
2. Cyanosis
34
Most common cause of tooth loss in first 2 decades of life
Dental Caries (Increase age, increase generalized sclerotic dentin)
35
Most common cause of tooth loss in adult population
Periodontal Disease
36
Appearance of Acute-Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis?
Punched-out with Pain
37
ANUG is covered by
Pseudomembrane
38
Emotional factor of ANUG, responsible for exacerbation, remission?
STRESS
39
“Shedding-off” of eroded looking, fiery red, glazed gingiva
Desquamative Gingivitis
40
Trauma from Occlusion
1. NORMAL HEIGHT OF PERIODONTIUM, FROM ALTERATIONS OF OCCLUSAL FORCES
2. DECREASED HEIGHT OF PERIODONTIUM, FORM DECREASE ABILITY OF TISSUE TO RESIST OCCLUSAL FORCES
1. Primary Trauma - Normal, Occlusal Forces
2. Secondary Trauma - Decreased Periodontium
41
Management of Trauma:
1. Increased mobility w/ normal perio. Support:
2. Increased mobility w/ Plaque induced perio. Breakdown:
3. Increased mobility w/ Reduced perio. Support:
1. Occlusal Adjustment
2. Treat the disease first then mobility
3. Periodontal therapy -> Splint
**Treat Inflammation before mobility
42
Most common color change noted with periodontal disease
Cyanosis
43
Most common lost teeth due to periodontal disease
Molars (Max,Mand)
1PM (Max)
44
3 Stages of periodontitis
1. Early - Alveolar bone crest
2. Moderate - Alveolar bone + Mobility
3. Advanced - Excessive mobility and drifting
45
Risk factors bacteria
A. Gram Positve, Red complex MO
B. Gram Negative, Red Complex MO
C. Gram Negative, Yellow Complex MO
D. Gram Positive, Yellow Complex MO
B. Gram Negative, Red complex microorganisms.
46
Risk factors for stress hormone release
Cortisol
—> Increase gluconeogenesis -> Decrease immune response
47
Risk Factors:
Immunosuppressant effect, #1 habit dangerous to heart, considered the primary major risk of perio.
Cigarette Smoking
48
Most abundant WBC
Neutrophil
49
Defective synthesis of Collagen type 1 & 3, skin hyperelasticity and joint hypermobility, associated with periodontal disease.
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
50
Most common cause of genetic mental retardation, one extra chromosome 21
Down’s Syndrome
51
Microorganism responsible for Localized Agg. Periodontitis?
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans
52
Microorg. Responsible for Generalized Periodontitis?
Porphyromonas Gingivalis
53
Distribution of:
1. Localized Perio.
2. Generalized Perio.
1. Incisors, 1st Molars (1 tooth only)
2. At least 3 tooth
54
POCKET:
1. Bottom of pocket is coronal to alveolar bone
2. Bottom of pocket is apical to alveolar bone
A. SUPRABONY
B. INFRABONY
1. Suprabony (Supracrestal)
2. Infrabony (Subcrestal)
55
Bone Destruction:
1. Denuded areas extending to Marginal Gingiva
2. Pathologic bone window
A. DEHISCENCE
B. FENESTRATION
1. Dehiscence (Receded Bone)
2. Fenestration
**both most common in: Anterior, Facial.
56
Most common osseous defect
2 wall / Crater
57
Poor prognosis osseous defect
1 wall / Hemiseptum
58
Good prognosis osseous defect
3 wall
59
Simpliest assessment for osseous defect?
Exploration
60
Best assessment for osseous defect
Flap
61
Host immune response responsible for intracellular signals
Cytokines
62
Efficient method/technique for toothbrushing
A. Bass
B. Sulcular
C. All of the above
D. None
C. ALL: Bass/Sulcular technique
63
Change of toothbrush is every?
3-4 months
64
Best toothbrushing is accomplished by _______, _____ brush w/ rounded nylon bristle tips
A. Hard, 2-3cm
B. Rigid, 1-3cm
C. Soft, 2-3cm
D. Soft, 1-3cm
C. Soft, 2-3CM
65
ANUG Mouthwash
A. Water
B. Hydrogen Peroxide
C. Chlorhexidine
D. All of the above
B. Hydrogen Peroxide
66
Recommended mouthwash for dental plaque control
A. Chlorhexidine - 0.2%
B. Chlorhexidine - 0.15%
C. Chlorhexidine - 0.12%
D. Hydrogen Peroxide
B. Chlorhexidine - 0.12%
67
Side effect of chlorhexidine
A. Orange Staining
B. Brown
C. Black
D. Gingivitis
Brown staining
68
Best criteria to evaluate success of scaling and root planing?
NO BOP (Bleeding on Probing)
69
Removal of supragingival and subgingival plaque, calculus and deposits removal
A. Scaling
B. Root Planing
C. Curettage
A. Scaling
70
Scraping removal of the inner surface of gingival wall
A. Scaling
B. Root Planing
C. Curettage
C. Curettage
71
Instrument for subgingival calculus, choice for scaling and root planing.
A. Scaling
B. Root Planing
C. Curette
C. Curette
72
Removal of embedded calculus and areas of cementum.
A. Scaling
B. Root Planing
C. Curette
D. Curettage
E. All of the above
B. Root Planing
73
Instrument for removal of supragingival calculus
A. Scaler
B. Sickle
C. Scaling
D. Scaling and Root planing
A. Scaler
74
Most common scaler to remove moderate to heavy calcular deposits.
A. Sickle
B. Files
C. Chisel
D. Hoe
A. Sickle
75
Area Specific curette
A. Gracey
B. Universal
A.Gracey
76
Gracey curette 1-2, 3-4
A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.
A. Anteriors
77
Curette: 13-14, 17-18
A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.
E. Distal Posterior.
78
Curette: 5-6
A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.
B. Anteriors and Premolars
79
Curette; 11-12, 15-16
A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.
D. Mesial Posterior
80
Curette: 7-8, 9-10
A. Ant.
B. Ant. + PM
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
D. Mesial Post.
E. Distal Post.
C. Bucco-Lingual Post.
81
Area-Specific curette angulation
A. 90 degrees
B. 70 degrees
B. 70 Degrees
82
Spoon-shaped blade, rounded toe & back
A. Sickle Scaler
B. Universal Curette
C. Area-Specific curette
C. Area-specific Curette
83
Sickle scaler & universal curette angulation:
A. 90
B. 70
A. 90 degrees
84
Indication of curettage
A. Inflamed
B. Edematous gingiva
C. Calculus
D. Both A & B
E. Both A & C
Inflamed & edematous gingiva
85
Ultrasonic instruments: Elliptical Pattern
A. Magnetostrictive
B. Piezoelectric
A. Magnetostrictive
86
Removes extrinsic stains and soft deposits
A. Prophy-Jet
B. Rubber cups & bristle brushes
A. Prophy-Jet (Water Pressure Device)
87
Ultrasonic Instruments: Linear Pattern
A. Magnetostrictive
B. Piezoelectric
B. Piezoelectric
88
Removes plaque and stains
Rubber cups and bristle brushes
89
Concentrated in GCF, Plasma, Inhibits MMP/Anti-collagenolytic effect
A. Azitrhomycin
B. Tetracycline
B. Tetracycline
90
Drug that concentrates in gingival tissues
A. Azithromycin
B. Tetracyline
A. Azithromycin
91
The primary goal of creating flap
Access
92
Excision of gingiva
A. Gingivectomy
B. Gingivoplasty
A. Gingivectomy
93
Reshaping of deformities
A. Gingivectomy
B. Gingivoplasty
B.Gingivoplasty
94
Most common procedure that uses laser
A. Gingivectomy
B. Gingivoplasty
A. Gingivectomy
95
Father of osseous surgery
A. Black
B. Angle
C. Schuluger
D. Freud
C. Schuluger
96
Reshaping of Alveolar process to achieve a more physiological form without removal of supporting bone
A. Ostectomy
B. Osteoplasty
B. Osteoplasty
97
Excision of bone part of the bone to eliminate perio. Pocket and establish gingival contours that will be maintained
A. Ostectomy
B. Osteoplasty
A. Ostectomy
