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DMD > Musculatory System > Flashcards

Musculatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Bundles are long with multinucleated cells and cross-striations, contraction is quick, forceful and voluntary.
Attached to the bone.

A

Skeletal Muscle

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2
Q

End that remains fixed during contraction, proximal to the insertion in the limb

A

Origin

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3
Q

End that moves during contraction

A

insertion

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4
Q

Benign tumor of skeletal muscle

A

Rhabdomyoma

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5
Q

Malignant tumor of skeletal muscle, most common soft tissue sarcoma found in children, usually affects the head and neck region: orbit, nasal cavity and nasopharynx

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

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6
Q

External sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle. Carries nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics of the muscle.

A

Epimysium

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7
Q

Thin connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers. Middle layer; covers fascicle. Makes up functional unit of muscle.

A

Perimysium

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8
Q

Thin delicate layer of reticular fibers and scattered fibroblasts. Surrounds individual muscle fiber myofibril. capillaries form a rich network bringing oxygen into muscle.

Innermost; covers muscle cells or muscle fiber.

A

Endomysium

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9
Q

Functional/contractile unit of muscle; extends from z disc to another z disc

A

Sarcomere

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10
Q

Birefringent in polarized light “Anisotropic”, also known as “Dark Band”

A

A Bands

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11
Q

do not alter polarized light “Isortropic”, also known as “Light band”

A

I Band

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12
Q

Separates cone sarcomere to another; attachment site for thin filaments

A

Z Discs

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13
Q

Contains thick filaments but no thin filaments

A

H zone

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14
Q

Cell membrane or plasma membrane of the muscle, myofibril

A

Sarcolemma

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15
Q

Invaginations or infoldings on the sarcolemma. Perpendicular sarcolemma

A

Transverse tubules or T Tubules

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16
Q

Membranous smooth endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle; Storage for calcium ions.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Dilated end sacks of SR: Terminal Cisternae

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17
Q

Space between the Ach and the nicotinic receptorm forms a

A

Synaptic Cleft or Neruromuscular Junction

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18
Q

Smallest skeletal muscle

A

Stapedium

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19
Q

Smallest muscle

A

Arrector Pili

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20
Q

Skeletal muscles in the human body

A

650

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21
Q

autoimmune condition that antibodies block the nicotinic receptor preventing depolarization, affects extraocular muscles and eyelids first.

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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22
Q

Loss of power or movement, inability to contract. Damage to motor neural pathwats or inherent disease

A

Paralysis

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23
Q

Damage to the upper motor neuron, exaggerated tendon jerks

A

Spastic Paralysis

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24
Q

Damage to the lower motor neuron, affects NMJ, loss of tendon jerks.

A

Flaccid Paralysis

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25
Q

Decreased angle between two body segments, movement to the coronal plane

A

Flexion

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26
Q

Increased angle between two body segments, movement away from the coronal plane

A

Extension

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27
Q

Movement away from the midline, sagittal plane

A

Abduction

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28
Q

Movement towards the midline, sagittal plane.

A

Adduction

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29
Q

Turns the bone outward

A

Lateral rotation

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30
Q

Turns the bone inward

A

Medial rotation

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31
Q

Combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction. Movement at the end of the bone in a circular motion

A

Circumduction

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32
Q

Raised to more superior level

A

Elevation

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33
Q

Pulling to a more inferior position

A

Depression

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34
Q

Allows a forward movement

A

Protraction

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35
Q

Allows a backward movement

A

Retraction

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36
Q

Acts to draw the eyebrows together, creating vertical wrinkles on the bridge of the nose

A

Corrugator Supercili

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37
Q

Contraction of this muscle pulls the eyebrows downward to produce transverse wrinkles over the nose

A

Procerus

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38
Q

pulls the cheek inwards against the teeth, preventing accumulation of food in that area.

A

Buccinator

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39
Q

Muscle of facial expressions are developed from the __ pharyngeal arch.

A

2nd

40
Q

Muscle of facial expressions are supplied by the ____ nerve

A

Facial

41
Q

muscle for whistling

A

Buccinator

42
Q

Muscle that closes the eye

A

Orbicularis Oculi

43
Q

muscle that elevates the upper lip

A

levator labi superioris

44
Q

Origin of masseter

A

Zygomatic arch

45
Q

Origin of temporalis

A

Temporal Fossa

46
Q

Tensor veli palatini is innervated by

A

Trigeminal Nerve

47
Q

Levator veli palatini, Palatoglossus, Palatopharyngeus, uvula is innvervated by

A

Vagus and accessory nerve

48
Q

Raises soft palate

A

Levator veli palatini

49
Q

Shuts off nasopharynx during second stage of swallowing

A

Palatopharyngeus

50
Q

Raises back of tongue during the first stage of swallowing

A

Palatoglossus

51
Q

Stylopharyngeus is innervated by

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

52
Q

Platysma is innervated by

A

CN VII

53
Q

Wrinkles the skin of the neck. Superficial fascia, only muscle innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve

A

Platysma

54
Q

Turns the head to the opposite side, flexes neck to the same side.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

55
Q

“Shrugs Shoulders”
Elevated scapula, extension of the head and neck.

A

Trapezius

56
Q

Elevates the 1st and 2nd rib

A

Scalene Muscles

57
Q

helps in shrugs muscles

A

Levator Scapulae

58
Q

Infrahyoid muscles is innervated by

A

Cervical Plexus “Ansa Cervicalis”
C1-C3

59
Q

Only infrahyoid muscle that innervates by C1 via hypoglossal nerve.

A

Thyrohyoid

60
Q

Contraction is involuntary, vigorous and rhythmic, possess cross-striations and branched cells.

A

Cardiac Muscle

61
Q

Contractions are slow and involuntary, consists of collections of fusiform cells that lack striations

A

Smooth Muscle

62
Q

Benign tumor of smooth muscle, most common tumor found in women, usually affects the uterus.

A

Leiomyoma

63
Q

the platysma is supplied by a branch of which of the following cranial nerves?

A. V
B. VII
C. IX
D. X

A

A. V - Muscles of mastication
Answer: B. VII
C. IX - Pharyngeal Muscles
D. X - Muscles of soft palate, except: Tensor veli palatini

64
Q

In placing a film for a periapical view of mandibular molars, relaxation of which of the following muscles would aid most?

A

Mylohyoid

65
Q

Food may lodge in the oral vestibule if _____ muscle is paralyzed

A

Buccinator

66
Q

Which of the following muscles is supplied by the facial nerve?
A. Anterior belly of the digastric
B. Mylohyoid
C. Mentalis
D. Hyoglossus

A

A. Anterior belly of the digastric - V
B. Mylohyoid - V
ANSWER: C. Mentalis
D. Hyoglossus - XII

67
Q

the infrahyoid muscles receive their motor innervation from

A

Branches of the cervical plexus:
C1-C3 “Ansa Cervicalis”

68
Q

The prime muscle in retracting and elevating the mandible is the

A

TEMPORALIS

Masseter - Only elevation
Digastric - Depressing
Mylohyoid - Depressing
Lateral Pterygoid - Main depressor and protruding.

69
Q

the mandible pharyngeal constrictor origin to the

A

Hyoid bone

70
Q

the muscle whose tendon loops around the pterygoid hamulus is the

A

Tensor veli palatini

71
Q

the skeletal muscle, a triad consist of

A

Terminal Cisternae and a fingerlike invagination of the sarcolemma “T-tubule” (2)

72
Q

the medial pterygoid muscle (Internal) is attached to the

A

Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.

73
Q

Muscle serves as the prime extensor of the forearm

A

Triceps bronchii

74
Q

muscle of the soft palate that is not supplied by the pharyngeal plexus

A

Tensor veli palatini

75
Q

Peripherally located nuclei are found in types of adult muscle cells?

A

Skeletal Only

76
Q

the two muscles which use the pterygomandibular raphe for part of their attachment receive their innervation from the (Buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor)

A

Facial and Vagus nerve

77
Q

The insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle is into the

A

Articular disc of the temporomandibular and mandibular neck
(Articular disc & Condyle)

78
Q

a muscle that act to protrude the mandible is the

A

Lateral Pterygoid

79
Q

The tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle curve around the

A

Pterygoid hamulus

80
Q

The palatine tonsil lies between arched formed by the

A

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles

81
Q

The mylohyoid muscle functions to

A

Raise the floor of the mouth

82
Q

Depress the hyoid bone

A

Infrahyoid muscle

83
Q

Prevent food from entering the larynx

A

Epiglottis

84
Q

Approximate faucial pillars

A

Pharyngeal muscles

85
Q

When a patient attempts protrusion, the mandible deviates markedly to the right. The muscle that is unable to contract is the:

a. Right lateral pterygoid
b. left lateral pterygoid

A

A. Right lateral pterygoid

Mandibular Movement
1. Protrusion/Depression -> Mandibular deviation -> Weaker side or injured side -> Muscle of the same side.
2. Lateral excursion -> inability to move the mandible to one side. -> muscle of the opposite side.

Left lateral pterygoid - when Lateral excursion, inability to move to the right.

86
Q

Protrusion of the tip of the tongue beyond the opening of the oral cavity is accomplished primarily by the

A

Genioglossus muscle

87
Q

The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is supplied by

A

Facial nerve

Anterior belly: Trigeminal Nerve

88
Q

Local autoregulation of blood flow in skeletal muscle is determined chiefly by

A

Muscle metabolites

89
Q

should not be administered to a patient with myasthenia gravis

A

Curare

DOC: Prostigmine

90
Q

All of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus except?

A. Stylopharyngeus
B. Palatopharyngeus
C. Salpinopharyngeus

A

Stylopharyngeus - Glossopharyngeal nerve

91
Q

Functional unit of the skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomere

92
Q

Which muscle separates the anterior cervical triangle from the posterior cervical triangle?

a. Trapezius
b. Omohyoid
c. Mylohyoid
d. Sternocleidomastoid

A

D. Sternocleidomastoid

93
Q

Which muscle, when penetrated during an IAN injection, may cause jaw pain and inability to open one’s mouth?

A

Medial Pterygoid

94
Q

All muscles of mastication are innervated by

A

Mandibular division or trigeminal nerve

95
Q

The connective tissue layer surrounding each individual muscle fiber is called the

A

Endomysium

96
Q

Involuntary movements of internal organs such as peristalsis are produced by which type of muscle tissue?

A

Smooth muscle tissue

97
Q

Name the molecule that lies along the surface of F-actin and physically covers actin binding sites during the resting state

A

Tropomyosin

DMD (24 decks)

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