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DMD > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

study of substances that interact w/ living system through chemical process

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

How the body handles the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

how the drug affects the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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4
Q

Study of the relation of the genetic make-up to the response to specific drugs

A

Pharmacogenomics / Pharmacogenetics

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5
Q

Procurement, preparation and dispensing of drugs.

A

Pharmacy

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6
Q

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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7
Q

the study and origin of crude drugs produce from plants, microbes, animals.

A

Pharmacognosy

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8
Q

Dosage of drugs; amount of drugs to be given

A

Posology

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9
Q

Amount of drug to be taken at 1 time; “500mg”

A

Dose

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10
Q

Amount of drug, complete signa.

A

Dosage

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11
Q

Most commonly used rule, weight in pounds “wt (lb) x adult dose / 150 = infant dose”

A

Clark’s rule

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12
Q

Age in months

A

Fried’s rule

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13
Q

Age in year

A

Young’s rule

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14
Q

Age at your next birthday

A

Cowling’s rule

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15
Q

Age in year for adult

A

Bastedo’s rule

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16
Q

the study of drug’s biologic toxins/harmful effects

A

Toxicology

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17
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Plumbism

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18
Q

Mercury poisoning

A

Acrodynia

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19
Q

Silver poisoning

A

argyria

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20
Q

Copper toxicity

A

Copperidius

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21
Q

Decreases the absorption of toxic substances

A

Activated charcoal

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22
Q

Promotes emetic effect/vommiting

A

Syrup of ipecac

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23
Q

Fluoride overdose, give;

A

MILK

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24
Q

drug that causes tooth staining, should not be given 6 months pregnant to 9 y/o child.

A

Tetracycline

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25
Q

Increase/too much in vitamin A/retinol results in

A

Clefts

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26
Q

Category A is the safest drug to prescribe to pregnant patients, not indicated or the most dangerous drug is category X, Lidocaine is category?

A

B

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27
Q

Atomic/molecular structure of a compound

A

Chemical name

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28
Q

Manufacturer’s name

A

Trade name

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29
Q

Official name of the drug

A

Generic Name

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30
Q

Generics law of 1988, AN ACT TO PROMOTE, REQUIRE AND ENSURE THE PRODUCTION OF AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, USE AND ACCEPTANCE OF DRUGS AND MEDICINES IDENTIFIED BY THEIR GENERIC NAMES

A

RA 6675

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31
Q

comprehensive Dangerous drug act of 2002

A

RA 9165

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32
Q

Narcotic analgesics are used in medicine as strong analgesics, for relief of severe or chronic pain, an example of street drug that is contraindicated and illegal drug is:

A

HEROIN

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33
Q

Combined effect of 2 chemical is much greater than the sum of the effects of each agent given alone
2+2 > 4

A

synergism

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34
Q

Combined effect of 2 or greater than chemical is equal to the sum of the effect of each agents given alone
2+2 = 4

A

Addition

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35
Q

when 1 substance that does not normally have a toxic effect is added another chemical, it makes the 2nd chemical much more toxic.
0+2 = toxic effect

A

Potentiation

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36
Q

Opposite of synergism

A

Antagonism

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37
Q

Antidote for Acetminophen

A

N-Acetylcysteine

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38
Q

Antidote for narcotic analgesic

A

Naloxone “Narcan”

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39
Q

Antidote for Warfarin

A

Vitamin K

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40
Q

Antidote for Benzodiazepine

A

Flumazenil

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41
Q

Antidote for anti-cholinergic, anti-muscarinic

A

Physostigmine

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42
Q

Highest potential of abuse is a schedule number

A

1
- Never prescribed: marijuana, LSD, heroin, mescaline.

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43
Q

1st local anesth. used

A

Cocaine

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44
Q

All local anesth. are vasodilators except

A

Cocaine

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45
Q

the only local anesth. that is used for anti-arrythmia.

A

Lidocaine

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46
Q

DOC for anaphylactic reaction

A

Epinephrine

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47
Q

DOC for acute seizure attack

A

Diazepam
(Sedative, anticonvulsant)

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48
Q

Brand name of diazepam

A

Valium

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49
Q

herbal medicine that has High fluoride content

A

Tsaang Gubat

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50
Q

Anti-hypercholesterolemia

A

Simvastatin (-statin)

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51
Q

Herbal medicine: Yerba buena is a

A

Analgesic

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52
Q

Herbal medicine good for antiseptic/mouthwash

A

Bayabas

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53
Q

Movement of drug from site of administration to central compartment & to its exent

A

Absorption

54
Q

Amount of therapeutically active drug that reaches the systemic circulations. Responsible for effectiveness and safety of medications.

A

Bioavailability

55
Q

Lipid-solubule =

A

Absorbable

56
Q

most convenient, easiest safest, most unpredictable, least effective, simplest route of administration

A

ORAL

57
Q

Solid, breakdown into smaller parts

A

Disintegration

58
Q

Dissolved into liquid

A

Dissolution

59
Q

Absorption happens in?

A

small Intestine

60
Q

Normal gastric emptying is __ hrs
rate at which drug is delivered to small intestine

A

4

61
Q

Function of stomach?

A

Digestion

62
Q

Rapid uptake and metabolism of an agent into inactive compounds by the liver, after enteric absorption and before it reaches systemic circulation.

A

1st Pass effect

63
Q

Main organ for metabolism

A

Liver

64
Q

Bypasses the hepatic circulation, no 1st pass effect, high bioavailability.

A

Sublingual
-under your tongue

65
Q

Bioavailability is unpredictable

A

Rectal

66
Q

Main site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

67
Q

Local anesth. administered topically

A

Best
Benzocaine

Topical
Tetracaine

Local Anesth.
Lidocaine

68
Q

Allows titration of drug, 100% bioavailability rapid and complete -> Fastest onset of action.

Disadvantage: Overdose

A

Intravenous

69
Q

Area for intramuscular administration for children

A

Vastus lateralis

70
Q

Area for intramuscular administration for adult

A

Deltoid - Fast onset
gluteus maximus.

71
Q

Subcutaneous administration is administered in

A

Hypodermis 45degrees

72
Q

Best site of administration of Insulin

A

Abdomen

73
Q

Longest time for the absorption of medication

A

INTRADERMAL
- used in skin testing
- always bevel up w/ wheal formation
- 0-15 degree

74
Q

Higher to lower concentration

A

Passive diffusion

75
Q

DOC for parkinsons disease

A

Levodopa

76
Q

Cell drinking, uptake of macromolecules

A

Pinocytosis

77
Q

cell eating is

A

Phagocytosis

78
Q

Ability of the drug to move from the circulatory system to its target tissues

A

Distribution

79
Q

Chemical inactivation of drug to a more soluble compound essential for drug elimination

A

Metabolism or also known as “Biotransformation”

80
Q

most common reaction in your drug metabolism

A

Reduction oxidation process.
most important stage: Oxidation

81
Q

Main/most important organ for excretion

A

Kidney

82
Q

Most commonly used kidney function test

A

Creatinine clearance, BUN,

Most specific/definitive kidney function test- Inulin clearance

83
Q

lidocaine, erythromycin excretes in

A

BILE

84
Q

Drug that cause cholestatic hepatitis

A

Erythromycin Estolate

85
Q

Time required to change the amount of drug in the body into 1/2

A

Half-life

86
Q

Amount of drug eliminated is dependent on the concentration of drug in plasma fluid

A

1st-Order kinetics

87
Q

Amount of drug eliminated is independent on the concentration of drug in plasma fluid

A

Zero kinetics

88
Q

Rate at which the active drug is removed from the body (L/hr)

A

Clearance

89
Q

Ability of drug to bind to receptors

A

Affinity

90
Q

Ability of drug to produce a physiologic change during drug-receptor interaction

A

Intrinsic activity

91
Q

Strongest bond and irreversible

A

Covalent bond

92
Q

Weakest type of bond

A

Hydrophobic

93
Q

Drug that binds and activates a receptor

A

Agonist

94
Q

Drug that binds to a receptor but does not cause activation: Intrinsic activity 0

A

Antagonist

95
Q

Unusual response to a drug which cannot be explain by known mechanism

A

Idiosyncrasy

96
Q

unknown cause

A

Idiopathic

97
Q

Decreased responsiveness after prolonged drug administration

A

Tolerance

98
Q

form of tolerance Rapid decrease in responsiveness

A

Tachyphylaxis

99
Q

Adverse effect idiosyncratic effect is type

A

B

100
Q

expected effect in therapeutic dose

A

Side effect

101
Q

unexpected effect outside their dose

A

Adverse effect

102
Q

Cell mediated type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type 4 - Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

103
Q

Cell that is in charge for cell mediated immunity

A

T-Cell (t-lymphocytes)

104
Q

Type of hypersensitivity reaction that are antibody-mediated.

A

TYPE
1 - Anaphylaxis
2 - Cytotoxic
3 - Immune complex

105
Q

antibodies came form?

A

Plasma cell

106
Q

Plasma cell came from?

A

B-cell (B-lymphocytes)

107
Q

B cell is in charge for _____ immunity

A

Humoral

108
Q

Mast cell is the richest / major source of?

A

Histamine

109
Q

DOC for anaphylactic shock/reaction

A

Epinephrine

110
Q

SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis, Glomerulonephtitis, serum sickness, local arthus reaction is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type 3 immune complex

111
Q

anemia, thrombocytopenia is responsible for what type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type 2 - Cytotoxic

112
Q

contact dermatitis, allograft reaction, thyroiditis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type 4 - delayed

113
Q

Prescription writing:
Identification of PX: name, address, date, age.

A

Superscription

114
Q

Prescription writing:
Body, name of medication, dose.

A

Inscription

115
Q

Instruction to pharmacist, quantity of drug.

A

Subscription

116
Q

Instruction to patient, dosage. Signatura.

A

Transcription

117
Q

BID

A

two times a day

118
Q

TID

A

Three times a day

119
Q

QID

A

Four times a day

120
Q

PRN

A

as needed

121
Q

HS

A

Hours of sleep

122
Q

STAT

A

immediately

123
Q

PO

A

Orally taken

124
Q

AC

A

Before meals

125
Q

PC

A

after meals

126
Q

OS

A

Left Eye

O - EYES
A - EAR

D- Right
S - Left
U - Both

127
Q

OU

A

Both eyes

O - EYES
A - EAR

D- Right
S - Left
U - Both

128
Q

AD

A

Right ear

O - EYES
A - EAR

D- Right
S - Left
U - Both

129
Q

1 tablespoon is equivalent to

A

3 teaspoon or 15ml

1 Grain - 60 mg
1 Teaspoon - 5 ml
1 tablespoon - 15 ml
1% solution - 1g/100ml
1 cc - 1ml (10cc = 10ml)
60 drops “GTT” - 1 teaspoon
1 drop/gtt - 0.06ml
8 ounce - 1 cup

130
Q
A

DMD (24 decks)

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