Spain: Atlantic: Rias Baixas, Basque Flashcards

1
Q

List the DO in Galicia

A

Rias Baixas
Ribeiro
Valdeorras
Ribeira Sacra
Monterrei

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2
Q

List the subzones of Rias Baixas DO, north to south

A

Ribeira do Ulla
Val do Salnes - most planted
Soutomaior (middle) - smallest
Condado do Tea (inland)
O Rosal (on coast)

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3
Q

Main white grapes in Rias Baixas?

A

Albarino
Loureiro
Treixadura
Caino Blanco

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4
Q

Red grapes in Rias Baixas?

A

reds only account for around 4% of plantings, but:
Caino, Espadeiro, Mencia

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5
Q

What river flows through southern Galicia, separating Spain from Portugal?

A

Miño

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6
Q

What are the subzones of Ribeira Sacra?

A

(in Galicia, Spain)

Amandi- center of DO, on northern slopes of the Sil. best.
Chantada
Quiroga-Bibei
Riberas do Sil
Riberas do Miño

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7
Q

What are the main grapes in Ribeira Sacra DO?

A

(Galicia, Spain)

Mencia, Treixadura, Godello

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8
Q

Main grape in Valdeorras?

A

(Galicia, Spain)

Godello

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9
Q

pazo

A

name for a local estate in Galicia

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10
Q

Rias Baixas
climate, soils, rivers

A

1200-1800 mm rainfall annually (47-70 inches) - VERY humid

Much of the region is planted on decomposed granite, called xabre, with low water retention that serves the rainy environment well.

Val do Salnes- coolest, wettest, and most planted
Condado do Tea- warmest, driest

Miño River to south
Ulla River in north
Verdugo River- just above Soutomaior

DO est 1988

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11
Q

how much rain in Rias Baixas?

A

47-70 inches per year

average 30 inches from April - October

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12
Q

Rias Baixas soil by subzone

A

Val do Salnes, O Rosal, Soutomaior: alluvial over granite

Condado do Tea: both granite and slate

Ribeira do Ulla: alluvial

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13
Q

minifundia

A

small vineyard plot (spain). In Galicia - rather than the eldest male child getting everything, as was the case in much of Europe, in Galicia property was divided up equally among the living heirs, regardless of gender, so a plot that was tiny to begin with would be divided up many times over the years.

only 178 wineries and just over 4,000 hectares, Rías Baixas has 4,990 growers who farm a whopping 23,382 different plots between them

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14
Q

Rias Baixas vine training

A

historically trained to a parral, or “pergola,” system. Granite posts hold up the pergolas, and the overhead canopy provides grapes with shelter from the region’s marginal weather and the opportunity to cultivate other crops between vines

allows for more airflow, combats mildew and rot, encourages greater photosynthesis and ripening by maximizing leaf surface, and protects grapes from sunburn.

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15
Q

Rias Baixas - grapes by subzone

A

Val do Salnés/Ribeira do Ulla: min. 70% recommended white grapes

O Rosal: min. 70% combined Albariño and Loureira

Condado do Tea: min. 70% combined Albariño and Treixadura

recommended: Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura, Caiño Blanco
Authorized: Torrontés, Godello

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16
Q

Rias Baixas DO
grapes
styles
min abv

A

whitee, red, sparkling

  • varietally labeled Albarino (must be 100%)
  • recommended white: Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura, Caiño Blanco
  • authorized: Torrontés, Godello
  • recommended red: Caiño Tinto, Espadeiro, Loureira Tinta, Sousón
  • authorized: Mencía, Brancellao

Blanco Barrica: min. 3 months in wood (max. 600 liter capacity)

Albariño: 11.3%
Blanco Barrica: 11.5%
All Other Blanco Wines: 11%
Tinto: 10%

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17
Q

viño tostado

A

vino tostado is a dried grape wine. Red or white grapes are left to dry for a minimum of three months following harvest in covered rooms with consistent ventilation to avoid rot.

They must be dried to a minimum must weight of 350 grams per liter. Drying can be performed using various tactics, from hanging the clusters to resting them on shelves or in plastic bins.

The wines are then fermented and aged in oak or cherry casks for at minimum six months, followed by a minimum three in bottle before release.

(Ribeiro DO, Valdeorras, Galicia)

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18
Q

Ribeiro DO
styles
grapes

A

in Galicia, Atlantic Spain. mostly white production, but also sparkling white & rose, red, viño tosdado

white rec: Treixadura, Torrontés, Godello, Lado, Loureira, Albariño, Caiño

red rec: Caiño Tinto (also known as Caiño Bravo or Caiño Longo), Ferrón, Sousón, Brancellao, Mencía. auth: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Tempranillo

Blanco: 9.5%
Blanco Castes: 11%
Tinto: 9.5%
Tinto Castes: 11%
Barrica: 12% (Tinto and Blanco)
Tostado: min. 20.6% potential, 13% acquired

first DO in Galicia- 1976

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19
Q

“barrica” Ribeiro DO

A

spends some of it’s aging time in cask of 600 L or less

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20
Q

“castes” Ribeiro DO

A

indicates a wine with higher min alcohol

base white 9.5%
base red 9.5%

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21
Q

Ribeiro DO
soil
climate
rivers

A
  • soils: decomposed granite, mica & schist further devolving into sand
  • very humid, lots of rain
  • rivers Avia, Miño, Arnoia

sheltered from Atlantic influence by Sierra de Suido

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22
Q

rivers in Ribeira Sacra DO

A

Min and Sil. “sacred riverbanks” name an allusion to monasteries that were once here

Bibei, Navea, and Quiroga.

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23
Q

Ribeira Sacra DO
where?
styles
grapes

A

at nexus of the Sil and Miño rivers, in Galicia. mostly red. Mencia most important

red principal: Mencía, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto. auth: Garnacha Tintorera, Mouratón, Tempranillo

white principal: Albariño, Godello, Treixadura, Loureira, Torrontés, Dona Branca

Tinto: min. 70% Mencia
Rosado: Min 85% Principal red Grapes
Súmmum: 85% principal grapes

subzones: Amandi, Chantada, Ribeiras do Miño, Ribeiras do Sil, and Quiroga-Bibei

“barrica” = time in wood
“garda” = time in large tank

was VDlT in 1993, 1995 DO was provisionally established, officially recognized in 1996

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24
Q

Ribeira Sacra DO
soil types

A

upriver- more granite, “ollo de sapo” gneiss, schist
downriver (Quiroga)- more slate

25
Q

Ribeira Sacra DO
subzones

A

subzones: Amandi, Chantada, Ribeiras do Miño, Ribeiras do Sil, and Quiroga-Bibei

26
Q

What is considered the highest quality subzone of Ribeira Sacra?

A

Amandi. It sits at the appellation’s center onthe steep northern slopes of the Sil River.

27
Q

Summum

A

labeling term used in Ribeira Sacra DO- indicates minimum 85% principal grapes for red and white wines

28
Q

Ribeira Sacra soil types

A

upriver- more granite, “ollo de sapo” gneiss, schist
downriver (Quiroga)- more slate

29
Q

Valdeorras DO
where?
climate?
styles
grapes

A

Galicia, Spain. Ribeira Sacra to west, Bierzo to north and east. most continental climate in Galicia. Godello and Mencia most important

Blanco, Tinto
Espumoso: Min. 85% Godello
- Tostado: Godello and authorized red grapes
- Varietal Godello (100% variety) and Mencía (min. 85% variety)
- Valdeorras “Castes Nobles” (Blanco and Tinto): Min. 85% preferred varieties

DO est 1977

30
Q

Merenzao

A

synonym for Bastardo in Galicia (Trousseau)

31
Q

Monterrei DO
where?
main grapes
soil

A

in Galicia, Spain, south of Ribeira Sacra. sits on northern border of Portugal. bisected north/south by the river Tamega (flows into Duero)

whites: Dona Branca, Godello, and Treixadura

reds: Mencía and Bastardo

granitic sand, slate, clay soils

32
Q

River in Monterrei DO

A

Tamega

33
Q

Spanish autonomia without DO?

A

Cantabria
Asturias

34
Q

Cangas VCIG

A

in Asturias, north west Spain. Not a DO, but it is a PDO for EU purposes…?

whites: Albarín Blanco, Albillo, and Moscatel de Grano Menudo

reds: Mencia

35
Q

Cantabria wine regions

A

no DOs here, but two Vino de la Tierra regions:

Costa de Cantabria
Liébana

tons of grapes here. strong cider tradition as well

36
Q

Rias Baixas producers

A

big: Martin Codax
Condes de Albarei
Arousana co-op (owns Paco & Lola)

Bodegas Zarate
DO Ferreiro
Bodegas Forjas del Salnes
Granbazan
Bodegas Albamar
Pazo de Barrantes
Raul Perez

37
Q

DOs of Basque Country
grapes
styles

A

Arabako Txakolina / Chacolí de Álava DO
Bizkaiko Txakolina/ Chacolí de Bizcaia DO
Getariako Txakolina / Chacolí de Guetaria DO

all make red from Ondarrabi Beltza, and rosé from min 50% Ondarrabi Beltza
whites recommended: Ondarrabi Zuri + a bunch of authorized

Bay of Biscay
Humid, lots of rain

38
Q

Arabako Txakolina / Chacolí de Álava DO
styles
grapes

A

smallest and newest Basque DO. less maritime influence

white, red, late harvest, sparkling

blanco: Ondarrabi Zuri (Hondarribi Zuri)
blanco auth: Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Izkiriota Ttippia (Petit Manseng), Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Secondary white grapes may not account for more than 20% of a producer’s total vineyard acreage

Tinto: Ondarrabi Beltza (Hondarribi Beltza). rose min 50%

39
Q

Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia

A

synonym for Petit Courbu in Pais Vasco

40
Q

Izkiriota

A

synonym for Gros Manseng in Pais Vasco

41
Q

Izkiriota Ttippia

A

synonym for Petit Mansent in Pais Vasco

42
Q

Bizkaiko Txakolina/ Chacolí de Bizkaia DO
soil
styles
grapes

A

sandy alluvial soil, low elevation

blanco, rosado (“Ojo de Gallo”), tinto, vendemia tardia, espumoso

blanco recommended: Ondarrabi Zuri (Hondarribi Zuri)
blanco auth: Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Mune Mahatsa (Folle Blanche), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Izkiriota Ttippia (Petit Manseng), Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, secondary white grapes may not account for more than 20% of a producer’s total vineyard acreage

Tinto: Ondarrabi Beltza (Hondarribi Beltza). rose min 50%

43
Q

ojo de gallo

A

rose from Bizkaiko Txakolina - min. 50% Ondarrabi Beltza (the red one)

44
Q

Getariako Txakolina / Chacolí de Guetaria DO
soil
grapes

A

sandy alluvial soil, low elevation. surrounds San Sebastian- culinary capital of Spain

blanco recommended: Ondarrabi Zuri (Hondarribi Zuri)
blanco auth: Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Izkiriota Ttippia (Petit Manseng), Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Secondary white grapes may not account for more than 20% of a producer’s total vineyard acreage

Tinto: Ondarrabi Beltza (Hondarribi Beltza). rose min 50%

45
Q

Txakoli

A

translates to “farm wine,” or “made from home” (etxekoa) traditional wine of the Basque country. traditionally a fresh, sometimes spritzy white wine

46
Q

Galicia tourist attraction

A

Santiago de Compostela- at the end of the camino, the Cathedral of St James is where the Saint is believed to be buried

47
Q

La Rioja Alta project in Rias Baixas

A

Lagar de Cervera

48
Q

colleiteiros

A

small harvesters/ growers

49
Q

What was the first commercial estate in Rias Baixas?

A

Palacios de Fefinanes

50
Q

Which subzone of Rias Baixas may not be on the label?

A

Soutomaior

very small production- around .2%

51
Q

xabre

A

name for decomposed granite in Rias Baixas- low water retention, good for rainy climate

52
Q

Rivers in Ribeira DO

A

in Galicia

Miño, Avia, Arnoia

53
Q

most planted subzone of Rias Baixas?

A

Val do Salnes. also th ecoldest and wettest area of the appellation, and most historic.

54
Q

warmest and coldest subzones of Rias Baixas?

A

warmest (and driest) Condado do Tea- also most red production

colest (and wettest) Val do Salnes

55
Q

what are rias? name two

A

estuary - Atlantic inlets in Rias Baixas, essentially shallow fjords. Ria de Pontevedra, Ria de Arousa, and Ria de Viga. there are 18 in total

56
Q

Vega

A
57
Q

Vega Sicilia project in Rias Baixas?

A

Viñedos Veiga, in the town of Crecente, in the Condado do Tea subzone of Rías Baixas. slated to finish in 2026.

58
Q

What is CERVIM?

A

Center for Research, Environmental Sustainability and Advancement of Mountain Viticulture is an international organization created in 1987 by the Organization Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin. Since 2011, CERVIM has awarded regions a specific seal for “heroic viticulture” if they meet certain criteria, such as cultivating vines at altitudes of 500 meters (1,600 feet) or more, having vines on slopes above 30% gradient, and having vines on terraces.

Ribeira Sacra, Côte Rotie, Alto Adige, Valtellina, Mosel, etc. lots of Agricultural Org members

59
Q

producers Pais Vasco

A

Artadi
Txomin Etxaniz
Senorio de Astabiza
Bodegas Itsasmendi