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Master Sommelier Theory 2025 > Argentina > Flashcards

Argentina Flashcards

1
Q

General Argentinian climate?

A

Continental

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2
Q

Top two red grapes Argentina?

A

Malbec
Bonarda

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3
Q

Top two white grapes Argentina?

A

Pedro Gimenez
Torrontes

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4
Q

When was the first commercial vintage in Argentina?

A

17th century (1600s)

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5
Q

Malbec was imported from which country to Argentina?

A

France

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6
Q

When was Geographic Indication system introduced in Argentina?

A

1999

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7
Q

Aging requirements for Reserva wines Argentina?

A

White: 6 months
Red: 1 year

NO OAK REQUIREMENT

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8
Q

Aging requirements for Gran Reserva wines Argentina?

A

White: 1 year
Red: 2 years

NO OAK REQUIREMENT

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9
Q

Nicolás- who makes it? Blend?

A

Catena Zapata. Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon

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10
Q

In which subregion are Yacochuya and Etchart located?

A

Cafayate, in Salta.

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11
Q

Average vineyard elevation Argentina? (whole country)

A

900 meters
2900 feet

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12
Q

Where is Clos de los Siete located?

A

Uco Valley, Mendoza

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13
Q

Minimum percentage to label a grape or region Argentina?

A

80%

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14
Q

Active volcano Mendoza?

A

Tupungato - larger
tupungatito - smaller but more active

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15
Q

What is Los Aramos?

A

Single vineyard Cabernet from Terrazas de los Andes

Paraje Altamira

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16
Q

Average annual rainfall Mendoza?

A

5-10”

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17
Q

Argentina Center region IG?

A

Cordoba

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18
Q

La Rioja IG subregions?

A

Famatina IG

Chilecito IG
Felipe Varela IG
Castro Barros
San Blas de los Sauces
General Lamadrid
Vinchina
Sanagasta
Capital La Rioja

Torrontes, Malbec

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19
Q

Subregions of Mendoza?

A

Primera Zone
Northern Mendoza
Southern Mendoza
Eastern Mendoza
Uco Valley IG

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20
Q

Primera Zona departments?

A

(subregion of Mendoza)

Lujan de Cuyo DOC
Maipu IG
Godoy Cruz IG

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21
Q

South Mendoza departments?

A

San Rafael DOC
General Alvear IG

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22
Q

Uco Valley departments?

A

Tupungato IG
Tunuyàn IG
San Carlos IG

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23
Q

List 3 departments of San Juan (Argentina)

A

Tulum Valley
Zonda
Ullum
Jáchal
Calingasta
Pedernal*
Fértil Valley

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24
Q

Argentina major red grapes in order of plantings:

A

Malbec
Bonarda
Cabernet Sauvignon
Syrah
Merlot Tempranillo

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25
Q

Argentina major white grapes:

A

Pedro Giménez
Torrontes
Chardonnay
Chenin Blanc

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26
Q

Argentina pink grapes

A

Cereza
Criolla Chica
Criolla Grande

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27
Q

Describe the wind in Argentina

A

Zonda. Dusty, hot afternoon wind, that blows down from the Andes, can affect flowering.

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28
Q

Producers Salta

A

Colome- Molinos (Donald Hess)
Susana Balbo - Cafayate
Etchart - Cafayate
Yacochuya - Cafayate

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29
Q

Main grapes Salta

A

Torrontes, Cabernet, Malbec

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30
Q

Main grapes Catamarca

A

Torrontes, Syrah, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon

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31
Q

Argentina wine regions North to South

A

Northern: Salta, Catamarca, Tucuman
Cuyo: La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza
Central: Cordoba
Patagonia: La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro

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32
Q

Why hasn’t Argentina had a hard time with Phylloxera?

A

A combination of the soil: loose, alluvial sand over clay, and the gale-force Zonda wind

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33
Q

Soil type in Mendoza?

A

loose, alluvial sand over clay

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34
Q

Types of irrigation in Mendoza?

A

Traditional furrow: water diverted from rivers- land must be pretty flat, .1 to 3% slope necessary

Modern: drip irrigation

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35
Q

Southern Mendoza grapes?

A

Some Chenin blanc in San Rafael and General Alvear

mostly Malbec

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36
Q

Uco Valley white grapes?

A

Chardonnay, Sémillon

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37
Q

List 3 producers Mendoza

A

Achaval Ferrer
Bressia
Catena
Cheval des Andes
Clos de los Siete
Dominio del Plata (Susana Balbo)
Terrazas de los Andes
Trapiche
Vina Cobos (Paul Hobbs)
Zuccardi

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38
Q

Patagonia provinces?

A

Rio Negro IG
Neuquén IG
Chubut IG
La Pampa

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39
Q

Patagonia climate and soils?

A

Cooler, chalky soils

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40
Q

Who owns Bodegas Chacra?

A

Piero Incisa della Rocchetta, family behind Sassicaia.

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41
Q

Vineyard conditions Mendoza?

A

Up to 1500 m elevation
Extreme diurnal swings
increased levels of solar radiation
= long, slow, ripening season

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42
Q

Where is Catena Zapata based?

A

Agrelo, Lujan de Cuyo, Mendoza

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43
Q

Who makes the wines White Bones and White Stones? from what vineyard? grape?

A

Catena. Adriana Vineyard in Gualtallary, Uco Valley, Mendoza

Chardonnay, $140 retail

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44
Q

What are the parent grapes of Malbec?

A

Prunelard x Magdelaine Noire des Charentes

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45
Q

What are the parent grapes of Torrontes Riojano?

A

Muscat of Alexandria x Listan Prieto

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46
Q

What are the parent grapes of Cereza?

A

Muscat of Alexandria x Listan Prieto (Criolla Chica)

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47
Q

Catamarca - where is it? Main subregion?

A

Catamarca IG is in NW Argentina

Tinogasta IG *
Santa Maria IG
Belen IG
Poman

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48
Q

What are the main geographical features of Catamarca?

A

in NW Argentina

Andes Mountains- rain shadow. dry and hot
Abaucán River

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49
Q

What is the range of elevation for vineyards in Salta IG?

A

(Northern Argentina)

1,280-3,100 meters above sea level

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50
Q

What are the subregions of Salta IG?

A

Cachi
Cafayate- most important
Molinos
San Carlos

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51
Q

Where is Cafayate? in what valley is it located?

A

in Salta IG, Northern Argentina

Calchaquí Valleys

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52
Q

At what latitude is Salta IG?

A

26 degrees south
grape growing is possible because the altitude (which brings cooler temps) balances the warmth from being so close to the equator

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53
Q

Synonyms for Listan Prieto?

A

Pais
Mission
Criolla Chica

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54
Q

List the IG in the Atlantic Region of Argentina

A

also called Buenos Aires:

Chapadmalal IG
Villa Ventana IG
Balcarce IG

not an IG: Médanos

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55
Q

Where are the highest vineyards in Argentina?

A

In Quebrada de Humahuaca GI, Jujuy, at the northern end of the country. Vineyards reach 3329 meters

56
Q

In Argentina, which type of vine training is typically used in conjunction with furrow irrigation? With drip irrigation?

A

Parral (or pergola) with furrow

VSP with drip irrigation

57
Q

Which GIs are within the Calchaqui Valleys?

A

(in Northern Argentina)
Salta IG
Catamarca IG
Tucuman IG

58
Q

Why are diurnal variations higher at higher altitudes?

A

This variation is greater at altitude because as the atmospheric pressure (and density) reduces as altitude increases, the atmospheres ability to store heat reduces. This means that as the sun goes down in the evening the temperature quickly falls and both photosynthesis and respiration are halted preventing metabolism of malic acid and allowing a more balanced development throughout the ripening period.

this results in more acidity being retained, richer aromas and more intense phenolic compounds

59
Q

Calchaqui Valleys soil type?

A

rocky, poor soils, sand

60
Q

San Pedro de Yacochuya- where is it based? Who founded it?

A

Cafayate. Joint venture between Etchart family and Michel Rolland of Bordeaux

61
Q

What is the name for the traditional irrigation channels dug in Cuyo?

A

acequias- diverted water from rivers for irrigation and other use

62
Q

Between which mountains is La Rioja Argentina?

A

Famatina and Velasco Mountains

63
Q

What grapes is La Rioja known for?

A

(Argentina)

Famatina: Malbec, Torrontes

Chilecito: Torrontes

64
Q

What is considered the best sub region of San Juan Argentina?

A

Pedernal - limestone soils. Known for Malbec, Cabernet, Cab Franc, Syrah

65
Q

Where in Argentina would you find old vine Criolla and Bonarda?

A

Calingasta, in San Juan, Cuyo.

66
Q

What are pergola trained vines called in Argentina?

67
Q

List 3 producers from San Juan Argentina

A

Pyros
Cara Sur
BenMarco (Susana Balbo)
Finca Las Moras

68
Q

What is a tomero?

A

a person in Argentina who works to open and close the gateways of the acequios, directing water toward the farms

69
Q

IG in northern Mendoza

A

Desierto de Lavalle IG
Las Heras IG

lots of Bonarda, table wine

70
Q

IG in eastern Mendoza

A

San Martin - largest
Rivadavia
Junin
Santa Rosa
La Paz

71
Q

Maipu IG - where is it? Subregions?

A

Mendoza, Cuyo, Argentina

Las Barrancas IG
Lunlunta IG

72
Q

Maipu IG- topography / climate? Source of water?

A

Close to city of Mendoza, to the SE, so it’s on flatter, lower land. warm continental. directly east of Lujan de Cuyo

Mendoza River

615-940 m elevation

sand, pebble, loam

73
Q

Maipu IG - where is it? what is it known for?

A

Primera Zona, Mendoza. Cuyo, Argentina

old vine Malbec, Cabernet

74
Q

Lujan de Cuyo - where is it? topography / climate? Soil / elevation?

A

SW of Mendoza City, directly west of Maipu.

terraced, ancient riverbeds. alluvial and colluvial soils with sand, silt, clay

690 - 1300 m elevation. continental climate

75
Q

Main vineyard threats in Mendoza?

A

Hail
Frost
Zonda
Drought

76
Q

How is hail managed in Mendoza vineyards?

77
Q

Subregions of Lujan de Cuyo

A

Agrelo IG
Perdriel IG
Las Compuertas IG
Vistalba IG

78
Q

Where are the Los Cerillos hills?

A

separating Lujan de Cuyo and Uco Valley

79
Q

What grapes is Lujan de Cuyo known for?

A

Malbec - most Malbec plantings anywhere in the world

Cabernet Sauvignon
Bonarda
Chardonnay
Merlot

bordeaux varietals do well here

80
Q

Tupungato IG - where is it? Subregions?

A

Uco Valley, Mendoza, Cuyo, Argentina

El Peral IG
Gualtallary - not an IG, but in the process. highly regarded

81
Q

Who was first to plant vines in Gualtallary?

A

(in Uco Valley, Mendoza)

Chandon! in 1992. they were looking for cool climate places to make sparkling wine

82
Q

Where is Gualtallary? What is it known for?

A

In Tupungato, northern Uco Valley, Mendoza, Cuyo, Argentina

best white wines in the country- excellent Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Malbec. Also Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon

revered for pocket of calcareous soils, altitude (1080 to 1600 m), cooler temperatures

83
Q

What river runs through Tupungato?

A

(in Uco Valley, Mendoza)

River Tunas

84
Q

Where is Pedernal? What is it named for?

A

San Juan, Cuyo, Argentina

Sierra Pedernal Mountains - to the west

85
Q

Where is Paraje Altamira? Soil type?

A

San Carlos IG, within Uco Valley, Mendoza, Cuyo, Argentina

first Argentinian GI based on terroir, not political boundaries

shallow, rocky, alluvial soils

86
Q

What is the most planted sub region of the Uco Valley?

A

Total: 28,650
Tupungato 10,198 ha

Tunuyán 9,714 ha
San Carlos 8,738 ha

87
Q

What are the main viticultural challenges in Lujan de Cuyo?

A

Hail
Zonda
Frost in spring
Drought

88
Q

Where is San Carlos IG? Subzones?

A

Uco Valley, Mendoza, Argentina

Paraje Altamira IG
Pampa El Cepillo IG
La Consulta IG

89
Q

Paraje Altamira - where is it? Soil type?

A

San Carlos, Uco Valley, Mendoza

rocky soils, layer of calcium carbonate (limestone!)

90
Q

What is the average elevation in southern mendoza?

91
Q

What is the main river in Mendoza?

A

Rio Tunuyan

92
Q

What is the main river in San Rafael?

A

(southern Mendoza)

Rio Diamante

93
Q

What is the main river in General Alvear?

A

(southern Mendoza)

Rio Atuel

94
Q

Between Lujan de Cuyo, Maipu and Uco Valley - rank from highest to lowest elevation

A

Uco Valley - 850 - 1990 (westernmost)

Lujan de Cuyo - 690 - 1300 m

Maipu - 615 - 940 m (easternmost)

95
Q

Average altitude in Rio Negro?

A

in Patagonia, Argentina

4-270 meters above sea level

96
Q

What are the two major rivers in Patagonia?

A

Rio Negro
Rio Limay- Neuquen

97
Q

What is the latitude of Rio Negro?

A

39 degrees south

98
Q

What is the latitude of Mendoza?

A

32 degrees south

99
Q

What is the climate of Rio Negro?

A

dry, temperate. in rain shadow of Andes

compared to Mendoza: cooler, and lower elevation. irrigation still necessary

100
Q

What is the most planted subregion of Patagonia?

A

Neuquen- 1700 ha

Rio Negro - 1600 ha
Chubut - 75 ha

101
Q

Chubut latitude? Grapes most planted?

A

43 degrees south

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir!

102
Q

Producers in Patagonia?

A

Bodegas Chacra
Bodegas del Fin del Mundo
Bodega del Rio Elorza
Otronia

103
Q

List the provinces of Cuyo from North to South

A

La Rioja
San Juan
Mendoza

104
Q

In which larger IG is Famatina Valley IG?

A

La Rioja Argentina IG
Cuyo IG

105
Q

In which larger IG is Chilecito IG?

A

La Rioja Argentina IG
Cuyo IG

106
Q

In which larger IG is Felipe Varela IG?

A

La Rioja Argentina IG
Cuyo IG

107
Q

In which larger IG is Agrelo IG?

A

Lujan de Cuyo IG
Mendoza IG
Cuyo IG

108
Q

In which larger IG is Perdriel IG?

A

Lujan de Cuyo IG
Mendoza IG
Cuyo IG

109
Q

In which larger IG is Las Compuertas IG?

A

Lujan de Cuyo IG
Mendoza IG
Cuyo IG

110
Q

In which larger IG is Vistalba IG?

A

Lujan de Cuyo IG
Mendoza IG
Cuyo IG

111
Q

In which larger IG is Las Barrancas IG?

A

Maipu IG
Mendoza IG
Cuyo IG

112
Q

In which larger IG is Lunlunta IG?

A

Maipu IG
Mendoza IG
Cuyo IG

113
Q

In which larger IG is El Peral IG?

A

Tupungato IG
Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

114
Q

In which larger IG is Los Chacayes IG?

A

Tunuyan IG
Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

115
Q

In which larger IG is San Pablo IG?

A

Tunuyan IG
Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

116
Q

In which larger IG is Vista Flores IG?

A

Tunuyan IG
Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

117
Q

In which larger IG is La Consulta IG?

A

San Carlos IG
Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

118
Q

In which larger IG is Paraje Altamira located?

A

San Carlos IG
Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

119
Q

In which larger IG is El Cepillo located?

A

San Carlos IG
Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

120
Q

In which larger IG is Tupungato located?

A

Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

121
Q

In which larger IG is Tunuyan located?

A

Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

122
Q

In which larger IG is San Carlos located?

A

Uco Valley IG
Mendoza IG

123
Q

What is the main river in Salta?

A

Salado River

124
Q

What is the main river in Catamarca?

125
Q

In which larger IG is Valle de Tulum?

A

San Juan IG
Cuyo IG

126
Q

In which larger IG is Zonda IG?

A

San Juan IG
Cuyo IG

127
Q

In which larger IG is Ullum IG?

A

San Juan IG
Cuyo IG

128
Q

In which larger IG is Valle de Pedernal?

A

San Juan IG
Cuyo IG

129
Q

2023 Argentina Vintage

A

terrible- hottest summer in a century, not enough water for irrigation

130
Q

Argentina GIs based on terroir

A

Paraje Altamira- alluvial cone of the Tunuyan river. 2013

Pampa el Cepillo - part of the alluvial cone of the River Tunuyan. 2019

San Pablo: alluvial, Rio Tunas. 2019

131
Q

Altura Maxima

A

vineyard of Colome, in Salta, at 3,111 meters elevation. not highest in world, but maybe highest that is commercially relevant.

mostly planted to Malbec, with Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc

132
Q

Paraje Altamira bottlings

A

Zuccardi- Piedra Infinita Malbec

Altos las Hormigas Malbec

Susana Balbo Malbec

133
Q

Catena Adrianna Vineyard- wines? Where is it?

A

White Bones Chardonnay
White Stones Chardonnay

River Malbec
Fortuna Terrae Malbec
Mundus Bacillus Terrae Malbec

in Gualtallary, Uco Valley

134
Q

Argentina- regions known for limestone

A

Paraje Altamira, Gualtallary, Pedernal

135
Q

Achaval Ferrer single vineyard bottlings

A

Finca Mirador Malbec 2019 from Medrano (Junín)- planted 1921

Finca Bella Vista Malbec 2019 from Perdriel (Luján de Cuyo)- planted 1910

Finca Altamira Malbec 2019 from Altamira (Valle de Uco) - planted 1950

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