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Master Sommelier Theory 2025 > FR: Southern > Flashcards

FR: Southern Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Corbières AOP wine styles

A

Languedoc

blanc: Min. 90% combined Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Macabeu, Roussanne, and Vermentino

rosé: Min. 25% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; max. 75% Cinsault; max. 50% combined Carignan

rouge: Min. 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; plus Carignan

all min 2 varieties

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2
Q

Fitou AOP grapes

A

inside Corbières

Min. 60% combined Grenache (min. 20%) and Carignan (min. 20%); min. 10% combined Syrah and Mourvèdre

Fitou Maritime: coastal clay and limestone around the saltwater lagoons
Fitou Montagneux: 24km inland, mountainous schist

Languedoc

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3
Q

What Corbières subzone has appellation status for Carignan based red wines?

A

Corbières-Boutenac

Min. 70% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Carignan. No variety may exceed 80% of the blend.

Carignan must be manually harvested

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4
Q

Cabardes AOP wine styles

A

Red and rose

Principal Varieties: Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot; min. 40% combined Grenache and Syrah
Accessory Varieties: Cot, Cinsault, and Fer

Languedoc

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5
Q

Malepère AOP wine styles

A

Rosé: Min. 40% Cabernet Franc, min. 20% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsault, Cot, Grenache, and Merlot

Rouge: Min. 40% Merlot, min. 20% combined Cabernet Franc and Cot; plus Cinsault, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, and Lladoner Pelut

Languedoc

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6
Q

Limoux AOP wine styles

A

White: Chardonnay, Chenin, Mauzac- still wines must be fermented in oak

rouge: 30-70% Merlot, min 10% Grenache, Syrah, Cot- must have at least 3 grapes

Blanquette de Limoux: min 90% Mauzac
Limoux Ancestral: 100% Mauzac

Languedoc

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7
Q

Blanquette de Limoux: method of production and grapes

A

Traditional method. 9m lees
Min 90% mauzac, with Chard & Chenin

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8
Q

Crémant de Limoux: method of production and grapes

A

Traditional method, minimum 9 months on lees.

MAX 90% combined Chardonnay (min. 50%) and Chenin Blanc (10-40%); plus max. 20% combined Mauzac and Pinot Noir (max. 15%)

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9
Q

Languedoc AOP wine style

A

all minimum 2 varieties, no single variety over 80% of blend

white: Piquepoul Blanc, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat, and Vermentino

rose:
Min. 50% combined Syrah, Mourvèdre , Grenache Noir, and Lledoner Pelut.
Min. 20% combined Syrah and Mourvédre.
Min. 20% Grenache Noir and Lledoner Pelut, if Carignan is present.

rouge:
Min. 50% combined Syrah, Mourvèdre, Grenache Noir, and/or Lledoner Pelut.
Min. 20% combined Syrah and Mourvédre.
Min. 20% combined Grenache Noir and Lledoner Pelut if Carignan is present.

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10
Q

Who introduced the process of mutage?

A

Arnaud de Villeneuve, 13th century physician

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11
Q

Vin de Liqueur vs Vin doux Naturel

A

VDL: fortified either before fermentation or right after it starts. Keeps character of unfermented must, no character of yeast or fermentation

VDN: fortified during fermentation, once the fermenting must has reached a certain alcohol percentage or dryness

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12
Q

Fortified appellations Languedoc

A

Muscat de Minerval-110
Muscat de Lunel-110
Muscat de Saint Jean-de-Minervois-125
Muscat de Frontignan (may be either VDN-110 or VDL-185)

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13
Q

Where are the majority of French fortified wines made?

A

Rousillon

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14
Q

Fortified appellations Rousillon

A

Rivesaltes
Muscat de Rivesaltes
Maury
Banyuls

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15
Q

Un-fortified appellations Rousillon

A

Collioure (unfortified from Banyuls)
Côtes du Rousillon
Côtes du Rousillon Villages

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16
Q

Cotes du Rousillon vs Cotes du Rousillon Villages AOP

A

Cotes: blanc, rose, rouge

Villages: rouge only

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17
Q

Collioure AOP

A

blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon), and Vermentino

rose/ rouge: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan, with Cinsault and Counties

white and rose: max 4g/l
rouge: max 3g/l

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18
Q

Rivesaltes AOP

A

Ambré, Tuilé, Grenat, Rosé, Hors d’Age, Rancio
May be varietal wines or blends

Principal Varieties: Grenache (Blanc, Gris, and Noir), Tourbat (Malvoisie de Roussillon), Macabeu
Accessory Varieties: Max. 20% combined Muscat à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie (Muscat Romain)

Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l

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19
Q

Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP

A

Vin Doux Naturel Blanc: Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie

Vin Doux Naturel Blanc “Muscat de Nöel”: Christmas wines that must be bottled no later than December 1 of the year of harvest

Minimum Potential Alcohol: 21.5% (15% acquired)
Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 100 g/l

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20
Q

What are Ambré and Tuilé Rivesaltes?

A

VDN Styles of Rivesaltes. aged in an oxidative enrironment until at least March 1 or the third year following harvest

Principal Varieties: Grenache (Blanc, Gris, and Noir), Tourbat (Malvoisie de Roussillon), Macabeu
Accessory Varieties: Max. 20% combined Muscat à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie (Muscat Romain)

Tuilé: Grenache noir must be present

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21
Q

What does Grenat refer to?

A

Style of Rivesaltes. Must include Grenache Noir. aged reductively for one year, must be bottled before June 30 of second year

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22
Q

Two methods of aging Rivesaltes

A

Glass bonbonnes in the sun
Solera

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23
Q

Rivesaltes Rose, Ambre, Tuilé aging

A

Rosé: Wines must be bottled no later than December 31 of the year following the harvest.

Ambré and Tuilé: Wines must be aged in an oxidative environment and released on September 1 of the second year following the harvest year.

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24
Q

How long must Rivesaltes Hors d’Age be aged?

A

Minimum 5 years

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25
Q

Maury AOP grapes and style

A

VDN, mostly from Grenache Noir, Blanc, and Gris

Rousillon

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26
Q

Banyuls AOP grapes

A

Can be blanc, ambré, rosé, rimage, traditionelle (min 50% gren noir), hors d’age

blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon)

rouge: grenache is principal, with Carignan, Cinsault, Counoise, Grenache Gris, Syrah, Mourvèdre

Minimum Potential Alcohol: 21.5% (15% acquired)
Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Enrichment: Chaptalization is prohibited
Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l

Rousillon

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27
Q

Banyuls Grand Cru AOP grapes and aging

A

VDN

min 75% Grenache Noir
min 30 months in barrel

Banyuls Grand Cru: Min. 30 months in barrel, not to be released until June 1 of the third year following the harvest

Banyuls Grand Cru “Hors d’Age”: Wines may not be released until September 1 of the fifth year following the harvest

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28
Q

How is vintage dated Banyuls labeled?

A

“rimage”
typically bottled within 1 year

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29
Q

Bergerac and Côtes de Bergerac AOP

styles, grapes

A

Côtes indicates higher minimum alcohol- Côtes does not make rose

blanc: Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle- min 50% of these, must have 2 grapes

rosé, rouge: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot, and Merlot- min 50% of these, must have 2 grapes

blanc/rouge: max 3g/l
rosé: max 10g/l

SW France

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30
Q

Bergerac sweet wine appellations

A

Monbazillac - botrytized, bdx varieties
Saussignac
Rosette
Haut-Montravel
Côtes de Montravel

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31
Q

Main appellations for dry wines SW France

A

Cahors
Madiran
Jurancon
Gaillac

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32
Q

Cahors wine style

A

Red only. Min 70% Cot (Malbec) with Tannat and Merlot

SW France

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33
Q

Montravel AOP

A

SW France

blanc: Sémillon, min. 25% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris, plus Muscadelle (Ondenc accessory)

rouge: must include Merlot, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Cot

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34
Q

Synonym for Malbec in SW France

A

Cot, in Cahors

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35
Q

Patrick Ducournau contribution to winemaking?

A

Madiron winemaker, developed the technique of micro-oxygenation to soften Tannat

36
Q

Madiran grapes

A

60-70% Tannat, with Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Fer

SW France

37
Q

Jurancon grapes

A

Gros Manseng (used in Jurancon Sec); Petit Manseng (good for sweet wines)
accessories: Lauzet, Courbu, Petit Courbu, and Camaralet de Lasseube

Blanc Sec: max. 4 g/l
Blanc: min. 40 g/l (35 g/l prior to 2011)
VT: min. 55 g/l (35 g/l prior to 2011)

Manual harvesting is mandatory for all wines, and grapes must be harvested in successive tries (except for Blanc Sec). Grapes for VT wines may not be harvested earlier than November 2.

SW France

38
Q

Major appellations in Languedoc

A

Fitou
Corbieres
Limoux
Picpoul de Pinet

39
Q

What are the main grapes on Corsica?

A

Nielluccio (Sangiovese variant)
Sciacarello
Vermentino (Rolle)
Grenache
Barbarossa
+other rhone

40
Q

Vin de Corse AOP- grapes? Sub zones?

A

White, rosé, red

red and rosé: min 50% combined: Nielluccio, Sciacarello, Grenache. also: Barbarossa, other Rhône grapes

whites from min 75% Vermentino, Max. 25% Ugni Blanc (Rossola), max. 10% combined Biancu Gentile, Codivarta, and Genovèse

geographical designations: Calvi, Figari, Porto-Vecchio, Coteaux du Cap Corse, Sartène

41
Q

List the appellations on Corsica

A

generic: Vin de Corse

Ajaccio AOP
Patrimonio AOP

vdn: Muscat du Cap Corse

42
Q

Côtes de Provence AOP- grapes and styles allowed?

A

Blanc: Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Sémillon, Vermentino, and Verdejo (max. 5%)

Rouge / Rosé: Cinsault, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Tibouren

for rose and re: min 50% principal grapes, must include at least 2 grapes

43
Q

Côtes de Provence subzones?

A

Pierrefeu
Sainte-Victoire
Fréjus
Notre-Dame des Anges
La Londe- also allows white, min 50% Vermentino

all: red and rose.

44
Q

Bandol AOP

A

Communes of Production: Bandol, Le Beausset, La Cadière-d’Azur, Le Castellet, Évenos, Ollioules, Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer, Sanary-sur-Mer

blanc: 50-95% Clairette, plus Bourboulenc and Ugni Blanc

rose: 20-95% Mourvèdre, plus Cinsault and Grenache

rouge: 50-95% Mourvèdre, plus Cinsault and Grenache

max 3 g/l (4 g/l for reds w/ potential alc > 14%)
Maximum Yield (Rendement de Base): 40 hl/ha

Principal Soils: Limestone, Sandy Marl, Sandstone

45
Q

Bandol Aging

A

Blanc/Rosé: May not be released before March 1 of the year following the harvest

Rouge: Min. 18 months in wood, may not be released before May 1 of the second year following the harvest

46
Q

Bandol min must weight
min alcohol

A

Minimum Potential Alcohol:
Blanc/Rosé: 11.5%
Rouge: 12%

Minimum Must Weight:
Blanc/Rosé: 187 g/l
Rouge: 207 g/l

47
Q

List 3 producers Côtes de Provence

A

Château d’Esclans
Minuty (Grand Cru)
Domaine Ott
Clos Sibonne (Grand Cru)
Peyrassol
Château de Selle (Grand Cru, part of Domaine Ott)

48
Q

List 3 producers Bandol

A

Domaine Tempier
Château de Pibarnon
Château Pradeux
Domaine du Gros Noré
Domaine de Terrebrune

49
Q

Palette AOP- where is it? Producer?

A

Provence, Château Simone only producer of note. lots of grapes

50
Q

Cassis AOP- where is it? Grapes?

A

Provence

Clairette & Marsanne are best

51
Q

Bellet - where is it? Grapes?

A

Provence

Rolle (Vermentino) is best

52
Q

Two producers bottling IGP wines in Provence?

A

Domaine de Trévallon- located in Les Baux de Provence, releases cabernet based IGP wines

Domaine de Triennes- located in Coteaux Varois en Provence, releases cabernet based IGP wines

53
Q

What is the only French appellation outside of Bordeaux to publish a ranking of grand cru classé estates? List 3 still producing wine?

A

Côtes de Provence- originally classified 23 estates in 1955, now 18 are left. It has never been revised or modified.

Clos Cibonne
Château Minuty
Domaine du Jas d’Esclans

54
Q

Coteaux Varois en Provence AOP

A

blanc: min 30% Vermentino

rose/ rouge: GSM, Cinsault principal, must be blends

55
Q

What is the northernmost appellation in Provence?

A

Coteaux de Pierrevert

56
Q

What is Rosesse a synonym for in Provence?

A

Tibouren

57
Q

What is Rosola a synonym for in Corsica?

A

Ugni Blanc / Trebbiano

58
Q

Gaillac - Where is this? Wine styles

A

SW France

wines of all 3 colors, late harvest white, sparkling

methode gaillacoise = ancenstral method, from Mauzac

59
Q

Synonym for Vermentino on Corsica?

A

Malvoisie de Corse

60
Q

Synonym for Sciacarello on Corsica?

A

Mammolo

61
Q

Synonym for Ugni Blanc on Corsica?

A

Rossola

62
Q

What are the subzones of Vin de Corse AOP?

A

Calvi, Figari, Porto-Vecchio, Coteaux du Cap Corse, Sartène

63
Q

Under which appellationis most Corsican wine released?

A

most is IGP - Ile de Beauté IGP

64
Q

Describe the climate and geography of Corsica

A

Mediterranean- lots of sun, little rainfall.

most mountainous island in the mediterranean

lots of granite based soils, and some limestone in the south

65
Q

What are the 3 named winds on Corsica

A

Libeccio wind from Gibraltar is the most frequent, bringing rain to the west coast.
The Gregale from the Appennines in the northeast and brings rain to the island.
The Mistral is derived from Provence and is particularly dry and violent.

because of these, vines are trained in the gobelet style

66
Q

Patrimonio AOP - styles and grapes used?

A

Blanc: 100% Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse)

Rosé: Min. 75% Nielluccio, plus Grenache, Sciaccarello (Mammolo), and Vermentino

Rouge: Min. 90% Nielluccio, plus Grenache, Sciaccarello (Mammolo), and Vermentino

67
Q

Ajaccio AOP - styles and grapes used?

A

Blanc: Min. 80% Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse), plus Ugni Blanc (Rossola) and a max. 10% combined Biancu Gentile, Codivarta, and/or Genovese

Red & Rosé:
Principal Varieties: Min. 60% combined Sciaccarello (Mammolo) (min. 40%), Nielluccio, Barbaroux (Barbarossa), and Vermentino
Accessory Varieties: Grenache, Cinsault, Carignan (max. 15%), plus a max. 10% combined Aleatico, Carcajolo Nero, and/or Morrastel (Minustello)

68
Q

What style of wine is made in Muscat du Cap Corse AOP?

A

Vin du Naturel from Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains

69
Q

List 3 producers of Muscat du Cap Corse

A

Mattei
Antoine Arena
Domaine Leccia

70
Q

List 3 producers of dry Corsican wine

A

Domaine Comte Abatucci
Clos Canarelli
Domaine Vico
Domaine de Vaccelli
Domaine Maestracci
Domaine Pinelli

71
Q

What is maquis?

A

Also called Macchia- name for the Corsican scrubland. A variety of plants, herbs, flowers that some producers say lend aromatic qualities to the wines - myrtle, immortelle, and juniper bushes

72
Q

Floc de Gascogne

A

Vin de Liqueur in SW France

blanc: Min. 70% combined Colombard, Gros Manseng, Ugni Blanc (no single variety may exceed 50%)- must be min 2 grapes

rose: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Fer, Merlot, Cot (Malbec), and a max. 50% Tannat- may be a single variety (but NOT Tannat)

16-18% alcohol

fortification with Armagnac of at least 52% abv. (prior to mutage, the Armagnac must be aged until at least April 1 of the year following distillation)

Élevage: Floc de Gascogne may not be released until at least March 15 of the year following the harvest

73
Q

Restanques

A

stone terraces in Bandol- Ch. Pibarnon makes a Bandol Rouge called Les Restanques

74
Q

Saint-Chinian AOP

A

subzones: Berlou, Roquebrun- both red only. Égrappage (destemming) is mandatory for “Berlou” wines

mostly red wine. was known for carbonically macerated Carignan, now more known for rhone red blends

Languedoc

75
Q

Boutenac AOP
grapes
soil

A

red min 70% combined Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan. no variety may exceed 80% of blend

Carignan must be harvested manually

Sandstone soil

Languedoc

76
Q

Grand Rousillon AOP

A

VDN: blanc, rose, rouge, rancio

principal: grenache (all), tourbat (malvoisie de rousillon), macabeu

min 21.5% potential
min 45 g/l RS

may be released Sept 1 3rd year following harvest

77
Q

Marcillac AOP

A

in SW France

Rouge: 60-80% Tannat plus CF, CS, Fer

Clay with greppe limestone subsoil

78
Q

AOCs of Dordogne Valley (9)

A

Bergerac, Cotes de Bergerac, Montravel, Côtes de Montravel, Haut Montravel, Monbazillac, Saussignac, Rosette, Pécharmant

79
Q

Dordogne AOC for dry red only

A

Pécharmant: CF, CS, Merlot, Côt (all < 65%)

80
Q

Which Dordogne AOC produces SGN wines?

A

Monbazillac (85 g/l)

81
Q

Most planted SW France appellation?

A

Bergerac - around 10,000 ha
Cahors is second with 4,000

82
Q

AOPs of Garonne Valley

A

Cotes de Duras,
Cotes du Marmandais,
Buzet,
Brulhois,
Saint Sardos,
Fronton

83
Q

Brulhois AOP

A

SW France

rose and red, principal CF, Merlot, Tannat

84
Q

Buzet AOP

A

SW France

white, rose, red, bdx varieties

85
Q

Béarn AOP

A

SW France

white: petit and gros mansent, raffiat de moncade (min 50%)

rose and red must include Tannat

86
Q

Correze AOP

A

SW France

dry white: chenin
dry red: CF

Vin de Paille: CF, CS, Merlot, Chard, SB

87
Q

Red only appellations of SW France

A

Cahors
Madiran
Pécharmant

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