FR: Southern Flashcards
Corbières AOP wine styles
Languedoc
blanc: Min. 90% combined Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Macabeu, Roussanne, and Vermentino
rosé: Min. 25% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; max. 75% Cinsault; max. 50% combined Carignan
rouge: Min. 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; plus Carignan
all min 2 varieties
Fitou AOP
styles
grapes
inside Corbières. red only
Min. 60% combined Grenache (min. 20%) and Carignan (min. 20%); min. 10% combined Syrah and Mourvèdre
Languedoc
Fitou AOP soils
Fitou Maritime: coastal clay and limestone around the saltwater lagoons
Fitou Montagneux: 24km inland, mountainous schist
What Corbières subzone has appellation status for Carignan based red wines?
Corbières-Boutenac
Min. 70% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Carignan. No variety may exceed 80% of the blend.
Carignan must be manually harvested
Cabardes AOP wine styles
Red and rose
Principal Varieties: Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot; min. 40% combined Grenache and Syrah
Accessory Varieties: Cot, Cinsault, and Fer
Languedoc
Malepère AOP wine styles
red & rose- both must be blends
Rosé: Min. 40% Cabernet Franc, min. 20% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsault, Cot, Grenache, and Merlot
Rouge: Min. 40% Merlot, min. 20% combined Cabernet Franc and Cot; plus Cinsault, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, and Lladoner Pelut
Languedoc
Limoux AOP wine styles
White: Chardonnay, Chenin, Mauzac- still wines must be fermented in oak
rouge: 30-70% Merlot, min 10% Grenache, Syrah, Cot- must have at least 3 grapes
Blanquette de Limoux: min 90% Mauzac
Limoux Ancestral: 100% Mauzac
Languedoc
Blanquette de Limoux: method of production and grapes
Traditional method. 9m lees
Min 90% mauzac, with Chard & Chenin
Crémant de Limoux: method of production and grapes
Traditional method, minimum 9 months on lees.
MAX 90% combined Chardonnay (min. 50%) and Chenin Blanc (10-40%); plus max. 20% combined Mauzac and Pinot Noir (max. 15%)
Languedoc AOP wine style
all minimum 2 varieties, no single variety over 80% of blend
white: Piquepoul Blanc, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat, and Vermentino
rose:
Min. 50% combined Syrah, Mourvèdre , Grenache Noir, and Lledoner Pelut.
Min. 20% combined Syrah and Mourvédre.
Min. 20% Grenache Noir and Lledoner Pelut, if Carignan is present.
rouge:
Min. 50% combined Syrah, Mourvèdre, Grenache Noir, and/or Lledoner Pelut.
Min. 20% combined Syrah and Mourvédre.
Min. 20% combined Grenache Noir and Lledoner Pelut if Carignan is present.
Who introduced the process of mutage?
Arnaud de Villeneuve, 13th century physician
Vin de Liqueur vs Vin doux Naturel
VDL: fortified either before fermentation or right after it starts. Keeps character of unfermented must, no character of yeast or fermentation
VDN: fortified during fermentation, once the fermenting must has reached a certain alcohol percentage or dryness
Fortified appellations Languedoc
Muscat de Minerval-110
Muscat de Lunel-110
Muscat de Saint Jean-de-Minervois-125
Muscat de Frontignan (may be either VDN-110 or VDL-185)
Where are the majority of French fortified wines made?
Rousillon
Fortified appellations Rousillon
Rivesaltes
Muscat de Rivesaltes
Maury
Banyuls
Un-fortified appellations Rousillon
Collioure (unfortified from Banyuls)
Côtes du Rousillon
Côtes du Rousillon Villages
Cotes du Rousillon vs Cotes du Rousillon Villages AOP
Cotes: blanc, rose, rouge
Villages: rouge only
Collioure AOP
styles
grapes
blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon), and Vermentino
rose/ rouge: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan, with Cinsault and Counties
white and rose: max 4g/l
rouge: max 3g/l
Rivesaltes AOP
styles
grapes
Ambré, Tuilé, Grenat, Rosé, Hors d’Age, Rancio
May be varietal wines or blends
Principal Varieties: Grenache (Blanc, Gris, and Noir), Tourbat (Malvoisie de Roussillon), Macabeu
Accessory Varieties: Max. 20% combined Muscat à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie (Muscat Romain)
Rivesaltes AOP
must weight
min RS
Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l
Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP
styles
Vin Doux Naturel Blanc: Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie
Vin Doux Naturel Blanc “Muscat de Nöel”: Christmas wines that must be bottled no later than December 1 of the year of harvest
Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP
abv
must weight
min RS
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 21.5% (15% acquired)
Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 100 g/l
What are Ambré and Tuilé Rivesaltes?
VDN Styles of Rivesaltes. aged in an oxidative enrironment until at least March 1 or the third year following harvest
Principal Varieties: Grenache (Blanc, Gris, and Noir), Tourbat (Malvoisie de Roussillon), Macabeu
Accessory Varieties: Max. 20% combined Muscat à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie (Muscat Romain)
Tuilé: Grenache noir must be present
What does Grenat refer to?
Style of Rivesaltes. Must include Grenache Noir. aged reductively for one year, must be bottled before June 30 of second year
Two methods of aging Rivesaltes
Glass bonbonnes in the sun
Solera
Rivesaltes Rose, Ambre, Tuilé aging
Rosé: Wines must be bottled no later than December 31 of the year following the harvest.
Ambré and Tuilé: Wines must be aged in an oxidative environment and released on September 1 of the second year following the harvest year.
How long must Rivesaltes Hors d’Age be aged?
Minimum 5 years
Maury AOP
grapes and style
VDN, mostly from Grenache Noir, Blanc, and Gris
Rousillon
Banyuls AOP grapes
Can be blanc, ambré, rosé, rimage, traditionelle (min 50% gren noir), hors d’age
blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon)
rouge: grenache is principal, with Carignan, Cinsault, Counoise, Grenache Gris, Syrah, Mourvèdre
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 21.5% (15% acquired)
Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Enrichment: Chaptalization is prohibited
Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l
Rousillon
Banyuls AOP
abv
must weight
min RS
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 21.5% (15% acquired)
Minimum Must Weight: 252 g/l
Enrichment: Chaptalization is prohibited
Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l
Banyuls Grand Cru AOP grapes and aging
VDN
min 75% Grenache Noir
min 30 months in barrel
Banyuls Grand Cru: Min. 30 months in barrel, not to be released until June 1 of the third year following the harvest
Banyuls Grand Cru “Hors d’Age”: Wines may not be released until September 1 of the fifth year following the harvest
How is vintage dated Banyuls labeled?
“rimage”
typically bottled within 1 year
Bergerac and Côtes de Bergerac AOP
styles, grapes
Côtes indicates higher minimum alcohol- Côtes does not make rose
blanc: Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle- min 50% of these, must have 2 grapes
rosé, rouge: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot, and Merlot- min 50% of these, must have 2 grapes
blanc/rouge: max 3g/l
rosé: max 10g/l
SW France
Bergerac sweet wine appellations
Monbazillac - botrytized, bdx varieties
Saussignac
Rosette
Haut-Montravel
Côtes de Montravel
Main appellations for dry wines SW France
Cahors
Madiran
Jurancon
Gaillac
Cahors wine style
Red only. Min 70% Cot (Malbec) with Tannat and Merlot
SW France
Montravel AOP
styles
grapes
SW France
blanc: Sémillon, min. 25% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris, plus Muscadelle (Ondenc accessory)
rouge: must include Merlot, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Cot
Synonym for Malbec in SW France
Cot, in Cahors
Patrick Ducournau contribution to winemaking?
Madiron winemaker, developed the technique of micro-oxygenation to soften Tannat
Madiran grapes
60-70% Tannat, with Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Fer
SW France
Jurancon grapes
Gros Manseng (used in Jurancon Sec); Petit Manseng (good for sweet wines)
accessories: Lauzet, Courbu, Petit Courbu, and Camaralet de Lasseube
Blanc Sec: max. 4 g/l
Blanc: min. 40 g/l (35 g/l prior to 2011)
VT: min. 55 g/l (35 g/l prior to 2011)
Manual harvesting is mandatory for all wines, and grapes must be harvested in successive tries (except for Blanc Sec). Grapes for VT wines may not be harvested earlier than November 2.
SW France
Major appellations in Languedoc
Fitou
Corbieres
Limoux
Picpoul de Pinet
What are the main grapes on Corsica?
Nielluccio (Sangiovese variant)
Sciacarello
Vermentino (Rolle)
Grenache
Barbarossa
+other rhone
Vin de Corse AOP- grapes? Sub zones?
White, rosé, red
red and rosé: min 50% combined: Nielluccio, Sciacarello, Grenache. also: Barbarossa, other Rhône grapes
whites from min 75% Vermentino, Max. 25% Ugni Blanc (Rossola), max. 10% combined Biancu Gentile, Codivarta, and Genovèse
geographical designations: Calvi, Figari, Porto-Vecchio, Coteaux du Cap Corse, Sartène
List the appellations on Corsica
generic: Vin de Corse
Ajaccio AOP
Patrimonio AOP
vdn: Muscat du Cap Corse
Côtes de Provence AOP- grapes and styles allowed?
Blanc: Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Sémillon, Vermentino, and Verdejo (max. 5%)
Rouge / Rosé: Cinsault, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Tibouren
for rose and red: min 50% principal grapes, must include at least 2 grapes
Côtes de Provence - grapes for rouge and rosé
Cinsault, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Tibouren
min 50% principal, must include at least 2 grapes
Côtes de Provence blanc grapes
Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Sémillon, Vermentino, Verdejo (max 5%)
Côtes de Provence subzones?
Pierrefeu
Sainte-Victoire
Fréjus
Notre-Dame des Anges
La Londe- also allows white, min 50% Vermentino
all: red and rose.
subzone of Côtes de Provence that allows white wine
La Londe - allows white, rose, red
the others are only rose, red
Bandol AOP
styles
grapes
Communes of Production: Bandol, Le Beausset, La Cadière-d’Azur, Le Castellet, Évenos, Ollioules, Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer, Sanary-sur-Mer
blanc: 50-95% Clairette, plus Bourboulenc and Ugni Blanc
rose: 20-95% Mourvèdre, plus Cinsault and Grenache
rouge: 50-95% Mourvèdre, plus Cinsault and Grenache
max 3 g/l (4 g/l for reds w/ potential alc > 14%)
Maximum Yield (Rendement de Base): 40 hl/ha
Principal Soils: Limestone, Sandy Marl, Sandstone
Bandol AOP
soil
Limestone, Sandy Marl, Sandstone
Bandol Aging
Blanc/Rosé: May not be released before March 1 of the year following the harvest
Rouge: Min. 18 months in wood, may not be released before May 1 of the second year following the harvest
Bandol min must weight
min alcohol
Minimum Potential Alcohol:
Blanc/Rosé: 11.5%
Rouge: 12%
Minimum Must Weight:
Blanc/Rosé: 187 g/l
Rouge: 207 g/l
List 3 producers Côtes de Provence
Château d’Esclans
Domaine du Jas d’Esclans (Grand Cru)
Minuty (Grand Cru)
Château Galoupet (Grand Cru)
Domaine Ott
Clos Sibonne (Grand Cru)
Peyrassol
Château de Selle (Grand Cru, part of Domaine Ott)
List 3 producers Bandol
Domaine Tempier
Château de Pibarnon
Château Pradeux
Domaine du Gros Noré
Domaine de Terrebrune
Palette AOP- where is it? Producer?
Provence, Château Simone only producer of note. lots of grapes
blanc: Min. 55% combined Picardin (Araignan), Clairette, Bourboulenc, and Clairette Rosé
Cassis AOP- where is it? Grapes?
Provence
Clairette & Marsanne are best
Bellet - where is it? Grapes?
Provence
Rolle (Vermentino) is best
Two producers bottling IGP wines in Provence?
Domaine de Trévallon- located in Les Baux de Provence, releases cabernet based IGP wines
Domaine de Triennes- located in Coteaux Varois en Provence, releases cabernet based IGP wines
What is the only French appellation outside of Bordeaux to publish a ranking of grand cru classé estates? List 3 still producing wine?
Côtes de Provence- originally classified 23 estates in 1955, now 18 are left. It has never been revised or modified.
Clos Cibonne
Château Minuty
Domaine du Jas d’Esclans
Coteaux Varois en Provence AOP
styles
grapes
blanc: min 30% Vermentino
rose/ rouge: GSM, Cinsault principal, must be blends
What is the northernmost appellation in Provence?
Coteaux de Pierrevert
What is Rosesse a synonym for in Provence?
Tibouren
What is Rosola a synonym for in Corsica?
Ugni Blanc / Trebbiano
Gaillac - Where is this? Wine styles
SW France
wines of all 3 colors, late harvest white, sparkling
methode gaillacoise = ancenstral method, from Mauzac
Synonym for Vermentino on Corsica?
Malvoisie de Corse
Synonym for Sciacarello on Corsica?
Mammolo
Synonym for Ugni Blanc on Corsica?
Rossola
What are the subzones of Vin de Corse AOP?
Calvi, Figari, Porto-Vecchio, Coteaux du Cap Corse, Sartène
Under which appellationis most Corsican wine released?
most is IGP - Ile de Beauté IGP
Describe the climate and geography of Corsica
Mediterranean- lots of sun, little rainfall.
most mountainous island in the mediterranean
lots of granite based soils, and some limestone in the south
What are the 3 named winds on Corsica
Libeccio wind from Gibraltar is the most frequent, bringing rain to the west coast.
The Gregale from the Appennines in the northeast and brings rain to the island.
The Mistral is derived from Provence and is particularly dry and violent.
because of these, vines are trained in the gobelet style
Patrimonio AOP - styles and grapes used?
Blanc: 100% Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse)
Rosé: Min. 75% Nielluccio, plus Grenache, Sciaccarello (Mammolo), and Vermentino
Rouge: Min. 90% Nielluccio, plus Grenache, Sciaccarello (Mammolo), and Vermentino
Ajaccio AOP - styles and grapes used?
Blanc: Min. 80% Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse), plus Ugni Blanc (Rossola) and a max. 10% combined Biancu Gentile, Codivarta, and/or Genovese
Red & Rosé:
Principal Varieties: Min. 60% combined Sciaccarello (Mammolo) (min. 40%), Nielluccio, Barbaroux (Barbarossa), and Vermentino
Accessory Varieties: Grenache, Cinsault, Carignan (max. 15%), plus a max. 10% combined Aleatico, Carcajolo Nero, and/or Morrastel (Minustello)
What style of wine is made in Muscat du Cap Corse AOP?
Vin du Naturel from Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
List 3 producers of Muscat du Cap Corse
Mattei
Antoine Arena
Domaine Leccia
List 3 producers of dry Corsican wine
Domaine Comte Abatucci
Clos Canarelli
Domaine Vico
Domaine de Vaccelli
Domaine Maestracci
Domaine Pinelli
What is maquis?
Also called Macchia- name for the Corsican scrubland. A variety of plants, herbs, flowers that some producers say lend aromatic qualities to the wines - myrtle, immortelle, and juniper bushes
Floc de Gascogne
what is it?
styles
grapes
Vin de Liqueur in SW France
blanc: Min. 70% combined Colombard, Gros Manseng, Ugni Blanc (no single variety may exceed 50%)- must be min 2 grapes
rose: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Fer, Merlot, Cot (Malbec), and a max. 50% Tannat- may be a single variety (but NOT Tannat)
Floc de Gascogne
abv
fortification
aging
16-18% alcohol
fortification with Armagnac of at least 52% abv. (prior to mutage, the Armagnac must be aged until at least April 1 of the year following distillation)
Élevage: Floc de Gascogne may not be released until at least March 15 of the year following the harvest
Restanques
stone terraces in Bandol- Ch. Pibarnon makes a Bandol Rouge called Les Restanques
name for hillside terraces in Bandol
restanques
Saint-Chinian AOP
subzones
styles
subzones: Berlou, Roquebrun- both red only. Égrappage (destemming) is mandatory for “Berlou” wines
all 3 colors, but mostly red wine. was known for carbonically macerated Carignan, now more known for rhone red blends
Languedoc
Boutenac AOP
grapes
soil
red min 70% combined Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan. no variety may exceed 80% of blend
Carignan must be harvested manually
Sandstone soil
Languedoc
Grand Rousillon AOP
styles
grapes
abv
rs
VDN: blanc, rose, rouge, rancio
principal: grenache (all), tourbat (malvoisie de rousillon), macabeu
min 21.5% potential
min 45 g/l RS
may be released Sept 1 3rd year following harvest
Marcillac AOP
in SW France
Rouge: 60-80% Tannat plus CF, CS, Fer
Clay with greppe limestone subsoil
AOCs of Dordogne Valley (9)
Bergerac, Cotes de Bergerac, Montravel, Côtes de Montravel, Haut Montravel, Monbazillac, Saussignac, Rosette, Pécharmant
Dordogne AOC for dry red only
Pécharmant: CF, CS, Merlot, Côt (all < 65%)
Which Dordogne AOC produces SGN wines?
Monbazillac (85 g/l)
Most planted SW France appellation?
Bergerac - around 10,000 ha
Cahors is second with 4,000
AOPs of Garonne Valley
Cotes de Duras,
Cotes du Marmandais,
Buzet,
Brulhois,
Saint Sardos,
Fronton
Brulhois AOP
SW France
rose and red, principal CF, Merlot, Tannat
Buzet AOP
SW France
white, rose, red, bdx varieties
Béarn AOP
SW France
white: petit and gros mansent, raffiat de moncade (min 50%)
rose and red must include Tannat
Correze AOP
SW France
dry white: chenin
dry red: CF
Vin de Paille: CF, CS, Merlot, Chard, SB
Red only appellations of SW France
Cahors
Madiran
Pécharmant
Fréjus
subzone of Côtes de Provence
rose: min 70% principal varieties (GSM), min 50% combined Grenache and/or Tibouren
red: min 50% Syrah
3 expensive provence rose
Muse de Miraval
d’Esclans Garrus
Esclans les Clans
Ch. Simone Palette
Domaine Ott Ch. de Selle
Minuty Cuvée 281
all over $60
Tempier rouge bottlings
Bandol
Cuvée Cabassou (Mourvedre)
Cuvée la Tourtine (C/G/M)
Cuvée la Migoua (MGSC)
What is Le Causses in Cahors?
the plateau, rising to 980 ft
