New Zealand Flashcards
List the main GIs North Island New Zealand from North to South
Northland
Auckland
Gisbourne
Hawke’s Bay
Wairarapa
Auckland GI
Subregions
North Island, NZ
Subregions: Kumeu GI, Matakana GI, Waiheke Island GI,
South Auckland, West Auckland, Clevedon, Huapai, Henderson
Auckland GI
producers
Kumeu River, Matua Valley, Babich, Cable Bay, Stonyridge, Pernod Ricard NZ, Villa Maria
Auckland GI
geography
soil
volcanic soils, layered sandstone and mudstone, heavy clays
2060 sunlight hours
Major Natural Features: Pacific Ocean, Waitakere Ranges
Auckland GI
grapes
Chardonnay: 71 ha
Merlot: 68 ha
Syrah: 47 ha
Pinot Gris: 34 ha
Gisbourne GI
Subregions
North Island, NZ- sunny and dry
Subregions: Hexton Hills (Golden Slope), Ormond, Ormond Valley, Manutuke, Central Valley, Riverpoint, Patutahi, Patutahi Plateau, Waipaoa
Gisbourne GI
produccers
Major Producers: Millton, Brunton Road
Gisbourne GI
geography
soil
Soil Types: fine alluvial silt near the Waipaoa River, heavier clay loam in the plains
Annual Rainfall: 20.6 inches
Annual Average Sunlight Hours: 2,180 hours
Major Natural Features: Waipaoa River, Poverty Bay, Raukumara Range
Gisbourne GI
grapes
Chardonnay: 582 ha
Pinot Gris: 288 ha
Sauvignon Blanc: 250 ha
Merlot: 24 ha
Gewürztraminer: 19 ha
Hawke’s Bay GI
subregions
North Island, New Zealand- sunny and dry
Subregions: Central Hawke’s Bay GI,
Te Awanga, Northern Esk Valley, Mohaka, Esk River Valley, Tutaekuri River Valley, Ngaruroro River Valley, Korokipo, Bridge Pa, Gimblett Gravels, Ohiti, Havelock North
Hawke’s Bay GI
producers
Craggy Range,
Esk Valley Estate,
Sacred Hill,
Sileni,
Te Mata,
Trinity Hill
Church Road
Tony Bish
Bilancia
Hawke’s Bay GI
geography
Annual Rainfall: 15.3 inches
Annual Average Sunlight Hours: 2,188 hours
Major Natural Features: Heretaunga Plains, Hawke Bay, Ngaruroro River, Tukituki River
Hawke’s Bay GI
grapes
Total Hectares Under Vine: 4,786 ha
Chardonnay: 1,060 ha
Sauvignon Blanc: 1,011 ha
Merlot: 975 ha
Pinot Gris: 676 ha
Syrah: 343 ha
Pinot Noir: 223 ha
Cabernet Sauvignon: 183 ha
Wairarapa GI
subregions
North Island, NZ
Subregions: Martinborough GI, Gladstone GI, Masterton
Wairarapa GI
geography
soil
soil: shallow silt loams with gravelly sub-soils
Major Natural Features: Aorangi and Tararua Ranges, Ruamahanga River
Wairarapa GI
grapes
Pinot Noir: 527 ha
Sauvignon Blanc: 394 ha
Chardonnay: 62 ha
Pinot Gris: 47 ha
Martinborough soil
Martinborough known for shallow silt loams with gravelly sub soils
(Wairarapa)
What body of water is to the West of New Zealand? to the East?
West: Tasman Sea
East: Pacific Ocean
What separates the North Island from the South Island in New Zealand?
the Cook Straight
List the main GIs on South Island NZ from North to South
Nelson
Marlborough
Canterbury
Waitaki North Ortago/ Waitaki Valley
Central Otago GI
Nelson GI
subzones
South Island, NZ
Non-GI Subzones: Mouteka, Takaka (Golden Hills), Upper Moutere Hills - gravel/clay, Waimea Plains - alluvial
Nelson GI
producers
Major Producers: Greenhough, Seifried Estate, Neudorf
Nelson GI
soil
geography
Soil Types: gravelly silt loams in the Waimea Plains, clay-based soils in Upper Moutere
!! Average Annual Sunshine Hours: 2,405 hours !!
Major Natural Features: Tasman Mountains, Richmond Range, Waimea River, Tasman Bay, Golden Bay
Nelson GI
grapes
Sauvignon Blanc: 621 ha
Pinot Noir: 164 ha
Pinot Gris: 111 ha
Chardonnay: 109 ha
Marlborough GI
subzones
South Island, NZ
Non-GI Subzones: Wairau Valley, Southern Valley, Awatere Valley
Major Producers: Allan Scott, Cloudy Bay, Fromm, Hunter’s, Saint Clair, Spy Valley
Marlborough GI
geography
Richmond Range (divides Marlborough and Nelson), Wither Hill Range
Kaikoura Ranges, Wairau River, Awatere River
Marlborough GI
soil
sunlight
Soil Types: variable shallow, stony soils and deep sandy loams, clay-based soils on hillside sites
!! Average Annual Sunlight Hours: 2,457 hours !!
Marlborough GI
grapes
26,000 ha under vine- most in NZ:
Sauvignon Blanc 85.8%
Pinot Noir 6%
Chardonnay 3.3%
Pinot Gris 3.2%
Riesling .08%
Canterbury GI
subregions
South Island, NZ
Subregions: North Canterbury GI, Waipara Valley/Waipara GI, Canterbury Plains
Canterbury GI
producers
Major Producers: Pegasus Bay, Pyramid Valley, Mud House, Giesen
Canterbury GI
geography
Major Natural Features: Waimakariri River, Waipara River, Puketeraki Range, Canterbury Plains
Pegasus Bay
Canterbury GI
soil
silt loams over gravel in the Canterbury Plains, gravelly soils near the Waipara River, limestone-derived clays in the eastern Waipara region
Canterbury GI
grapes
Pinot Noir: 444 ha
Sauvignon Blanc: 401 ha
Riesling: 271 ha
Pinot Gris: 215 ha
Chardonnay: 99 ha
some Gewurztraminer
Central Otago GI
subregions
South Island, NZ
Subregions: Bannockburn GI, Alexandra Basin, Bendigo, Cromwell Basin (Pisa & Lowburn), Gibbston, Wanaka
Central Otago GI
producers
Major Producers: Rippon, Peregrine, Felton Road, Mt. Difficulty, Burn Cottage
Central Otago GI
rain
geography
!! Annual Rainfall: 10.8 inches !!
Major Natural Features: Southern Alps, Lake Wanaka, Waitaki River (North Otago), Lake Dunstan
Central Otago
grapes
Pinot Noir: 1,656 ha
Pinot Gris: 172 ha
Chardonnay: 92 ha
Riesling: 62 ha
Sauvignon Blanc: 40 ha
Soil types in Hawke’s Bay?
Greywacke gravel (sandstone with varied rocks), silt, sandy loam, Gimblett Gravels
Most of Hawke’s Bay’s vineyards are planted on the gravel-based alluvial soils of the Heretaunga Plains to the west of the city of Hastings
Gimblett Gravels
where?
what?
rules
In Hawke’s Bay, on the Heretaunga Plains: The most renowned viticultural area of the plains is Gimblett Gravels, which was first planted in 1981 and now includes more than 800 hectares of vineyard.
The region’s geology resulted from an 1867 earthquake that changed the course of the Ngaruroro River, leaving behind gravel, silt, and loam
Vineyards must be min 95% on these deep shingle soils, and 95% of vineyards must be within the Hawke’s Bay GI
Poverty Bay
aka
also known as Gisbourne, on the east coast of the North Island, New Zealand
What was the first commercial winery in Marlborough? When was it established?
Montana, established in 1973.
Describe the climate of New Zealand
North Island: warmer, rainier, often compared to Bordeaux
South Island: cooler, but sunnier and drier. In the rain shadow of the Southern Alps
Which GI on the North Island NZ has the driest climate?
Hawke’s Bay
Annual Rainfall: 15.3 inches
Annual Average Sunlight Hours: 2,188 hours
Major city in Canterbury GI? Bodies of water? Geographical features?
Christchurch. Teviotdale Hills provide shelter from cool air from Pegasus bay
Pegasus Bay - large bay
Smaller Bays: Governor’s Bay, Te Wharau/Charteris Bay, Head of the Bay
Lake: Lake Ellesmere (Te Waihora)
Where was the traditional center of wine business in New Zealand?
Auckland- Montana and Villa Maria are headquartered here
Marlborough
producers
Montana (includes Brancott, Fairhall, owned by Pernod Ricard)
Cloudy Bay
Kim Crawford
Dog Point
Loveblock
Jackson Estate
Allan Scott,
Fromm,
Hunter’s,
Saint Clair,
Spy Valley
Tuku Collective- members?
A small group of Maori winemakers in NZ, including Steve Bird, Kuru Kuru, Tiki, Te Pa, Jeff Sinnot.
They are all certified sustainable.
Who is the father of NZ Sauvignon Blanc?
Ross Spence- studied at UC Fresno, returned home, and planted the first SB vines in his Matua Road vineyard in 1968, producing the first commercially available wine in 1974. The vineyard had leafroll, so yields were low.
He brought cuttings to Wayne Thomas of Montana (now Brancott Estate) to plant the first Sauvignon Blanc vines in Marlborough in 1975. Montana produced the first commercially available Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc in 1979.
What percentage of grape, vintage, and area must be present to label on a NZ wine?
85% of each
wines exported to EU must also have min 8.5% alcohol as well
Why are NZ sauvignon blancs so aromatic?
Machine harvesting!
Notably, the thiols found in Sauvignon Blanc can be enhanced through machine harvesting. A study from the University of Auckland revealed thiol levels were 5 to 10 times higher in machine- versus hand-harvested fruit, as the latter tends to be handled more gently. A paper for local producers entitled “Managing Thiols,” which was based on the university’s findings and compiled by the country’s wine trade body, New Zealand Winegrowers, suggests, “Key enzymes, such as the lipoxygenases and their substrates, are better released with greater maceration, leading to more thiol precursors in the grape juice prior to fermentation.”
Which NZ winery did Francois Millet consult for?
Francois Millet, of George de Vogue, consulted for Prophet’s Rock, in Central Otago
Which region of NZ has the most plantings? The least?
Marlborough 27,808 ha
Waikato / Bay of Plenty 12 ha
second most: Hawke’s Bay, 5034 ha
second least: Waitaki Valley, 59 ha
Which producer has most of the vineyards on Waiheke Island?
Man o War - around half.
They make Chardonnay, Syrah, Sb/Semillon, bdx blend, blanc de blancs
Waiheke Island
where
climate
soil
subregion of Auckland GI, North Island, NZ
Warm, maritime. Can have lots of rainfall, lots of wind.
Mostly clay based soils, some volcanic in the east
What is New Zealand’s oldest winery?
Mission Estate, which was founded in 1851 by Marist priests and continues to be owned by the Society of Mary. Hawke’s Bay
Hawke’s Bay climate?
temperate maritime- similar to Bordeaux, almost same average temperature during the growing season - around 61 F
Vineyards closer to the Pacific are cooler in the summer, some late ripening grapes can struggle to ripen here.
low annual rainfall at around 15”
Wairarapa soil types
vineyards lie on alluvial terraces created by the Ruamahanga River. Silty loams sit over free-draining gravels, which can be as deep as 15 meters in places
List 3 producers from Wairarapa
Gladstone Vineyard
Urlar
Schubert
Ata Rangi,
Dry River,
Palliser Estate,
Voss Estate
Wairau Valley is between which mountains?
Richmond Ranges, Wither Hills
WairauRiver ends in Cloudy Bay
(Marlborough)
Waipara Soil
(Cantebury, South Island, NZ)
valleys: Glasnevin Gravels, alluvial, gravel and sandly loams
hillsides: face north and northwest and offer richer soil types, including loam, clay loam, and some limestone
At what line of lattitude is Central Otago? What is the climate there?
45 degrees South
semi-continental, and quite dry. the westtest part, Wanaka, receives around 700 mm of rain each year (27 inches) the driest, Alexandra gets only 363 mm (14 inches)
Central Otago is sheltered from westerly winds and rain by 3 mountain ranges (??) Southern Alps, Pisa (in Cromwell)
Viticultural threats in Central Otago?
Frost- huge diurnal swings
Wind
Sunburn
however, low humidity!
Many of Otago’s vineyards are planted close to which lake? Why?
Lake Dunstan- the area is warmer, and the lake offers a source of water for irrigation
Waitaki Valley GI
grapes
soil
producers
South Island, NZ
only around 60 ha planted, mostly to PN, PG
Waitakan Limestone
Major Producers: Ostler, Pasquale, River-T Estate Wines, Valli Vineyards
Upgraded to GI in 2018
AMW
Appellation Marlborough Wine
Trademark / Producers group - 49 members, aimed at promoting quality Marlborough wine, since 2018. Initially focused on SB. All producers must be certified by Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand, BioGro NZ or equivalent.
who founded Cloudy Bay
in Marlborough, Cape Mentelle’s David Hohnen of Margaret River, established the the brand in 1985.
Marlborough sub regions
N-S Wairau, Southern Valleys, Awatere Valley
Wairau protected by Richmond Ranges to N, Wither Hills to S.
The Awatere is cooler and windier than the Wairau Valley due to exposure to coastal winds
Marlborough soil
alluvial. valley floors are former riverbeds and consist of gravels as well as silt, sand, and loam deposited by the river.
Silty patches tend to provide more fertility, while bony, gravel-rich sections act as a natural curb on Sauvignon’s otherwise-enthusiastic growth
Southern Valleys tend to have more clay, and are often better suited for PN
Methode Marlborough
group created in 2013 to set a framework for quality sparkling production. The group’s members must use the three Champagne varieties, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier, and wines must spend at least 18 months on lees.
Valleys in Southern Valleys
Omaka, Fairhall, Brancott, Ben Morvan and Waihopai Valleys
Wairau Valley
in Marlborough
subregions: Rapaura and Renwick
alluvial valley, varied soils.
Central Otago Subregions & Climate
Gibbston- highest elevation, cool climate
Bannockburn GI- warm, dry
Cromwell, Lowburn and Pisa- western side of Lake Dunstan
Wanaka- coolest, wettest
Bendigo- hot summers, north facing slopes
Alexandra- extremes, most southerly
Mountains in Wairarapa
Tararua Range - to west
Martinborough is in rain shadow of what mountains?
Rimutaka Range
Martinborough - describe geography
Martinborough lies in a wide river valley between the Rimutaka mountain range and the eastern Wairarapa Hills. The Ruamahanga River meanders through the region on its way to Palliser Bay, 32 kilometers (20 miles) to the south.
Top grapes all NZ
