FR: Chablis, Beauj, Macon, Challonais Flashcards
What are the ‘child grapes’ of the parents Pinot x Gouais Blanc?
Chardonnay
Aligoté
Gamay
Melon de Bourgogne
Sacy
Chardonnay synonym in Yonne department?
Beaunois - “from Beaune”
Pinot Gris synonym in Burgundy?
Pinot Beaurot
St Bris AOP
in Yonne department. white wines only from Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris
Irancy AOP
Yonne department. red only
Principal Variety: Pinot Noir
Accessory Varieties: Max. 10% combined Pinot Gris and César
Yonne department - rare grapes grown?
César (tannic, red)
Sacy (white)
Tressot (red)
Côte de Beaune Villages AOP - styles? where is it made?
Pinot Noir only
grape material may be sourced from any village in the Côte de Beaune EXCEPT Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton, and Beaune
Bourgogne Mousseaux AOP - style made? grapes allowed?
Vin Mousseux Rouge:
Principal Varieties: Pinot Noir and Gamay (César is considered a principal variety in vineyards of the Yonne département)
Accessory Varieties: Max. 10% combined Aligoté, Chardonnay, Gamay de Bouze, Gamay de Chaudenay, Melon de Bourgogne, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris
Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, and Pinot Blanc may be present in a combined max. 15% as mixed plantings in the vineyard
Macon AOP
styles
grapes
White, Rosé, Red
Chardonnay, Gamay, Pinot Noir
wines labeled Macon Villages - chardonnay only
Côte Chalonnaise village appellations? Which produce only white wine?
North to south:
*Bouzeron (1998)
Rully (1939)
Mercurey (1936)
Givry (1946)
*Montagny (1936)
Montagny and Bouzeron- white wine only
Bouzeron AOP
grapes
producers
blanc, 100% Aligoté
<50 ha planted, least in Côte Challonaise
producers: Domaine A & P de Villaine, Domaine Ramonet, Sylvain Pataille
Givry AOP
grapes
producers
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, mostly red production
has premier crus
producers: Domaine Joblot
Rully AOP
grapes
producers
around 70% Chardonnay, 30% Pinot Noir
communes: Chagny, Rully
makes premier cru
Rully is the 19th-century birthplace of sparkling wines in Burgundy, and the commune is the center of Crémant de Bourgogne AOP production today. Côte Challonaise
producers: A & P de Villaine, Vincent Dureuil-Janthial, PYCM
Côte Chalonnaise villages making premier cru wines
Rully
Givry
Mercurey
Montagny
(just not Bouzeron)
What village is the center of Crémant de Bourgogne production?
Rully, in Côte Challonaise
Mercurey AOP
grapes
producers
Chrardonnay, ~85% Pinot Noir
most planted village in Côte Chalonnaise
firmest, most “muscular” reds in the Chalonnaise
producers based here: Château de Chamirey, Bruno Lorenzon, and Michel Juillot. Also: Domaine Faiveley, A & P de Villaine
Most planted AOP of Chalonnaise? least?
most - Mercury at ~600 ha
least - Bouzeron at 47
Mercurey original premier crus?
all from 1943:
Clos Marcilly,
Clos Voyens,
Le Clos du Roy,
Les Fourneaux, and
Les Montaigus
Faiveley premier cru monopole in Côte Challonaise?
Clos des Myglands
Montagny AOP
communes?
100% Chardonnay
Communes:
Buxy,
Jully-lès-Buxy,
Montagny-lès-Buxy,
Saint-Vallerin
has been authorized for premier cru since 1936- originally just required higher alcohol. rectified in 1989, now there are 49 premier crus
largest producer in Montagny—and the entire Côte Chalonnaise—is the Cave de Buxy, the local cooperative.
What are the limestone escarpments in the Macconais?
Rocks of Solutré and Vergisson
List the 10 Crus of Beaujolais
St-Amour,
Juliénas,
Chénas,
Moulin-a-Vent,
Fleurie,
Chiroubles,
Morgon,
Régnié,
Brouilly, and
Côte de Brouilly.
Most tannic (often) Beaujolais Cru?
Moulin a Vent
Beaujolais soil types?
North: Granite. South:
Limestone and Clay
What style of wine is made in Coteaux du Lyonnais AOP?
Red and Rose from Gamay. White from Chardonnay and Aligoté
Which are the smallest and largest crus of Beaujolais?
Smallest: Chénas, Largest: Brouilly.
What is the traditional vine training in Beaujolais?
mostly Gobelet. There is a strong tradition of hand harvesting here
there is also some Cordon- where producers are planting less densely
What does Moulin a Vent translate to?
Windmill
List the Chablis Grand Cru east to west
Blanchot
Les Clos
Valmur
Vaudesir
Grenouilles
Les Preuses
Bougros
List the Chablis Grand Cru west to east
Bougros
Les Preuses
Vaudesir
Grenouilles
Valmur
Les Clos
Blanchot
Difference in soil types in Chablis?
Portlandian soils—those that overlay Portlandian limestone—are sandier and thinner than Kimmeridgian soils. Conventional wisdom has long held that the best examples of Chablis—including all grands and premiers crus—are grown on the more porous, mineral-rich Kimmeridgian soils.
Petite Chablis is on Portlandian soils
Kimmeridgean soils
consists of crumbly, chalky marl (clay and limestone) and contains abundant Exogyra virgula fossils—the imprints of tiny oyster shells.
Outcrops are visible on the hillsides of the Serein River Valley. These hillsides, like those in Kimmeridge, Sancerre, and the Aube, ring the Paris Basin, which sagged under a shallow sea in the Jurassic Period.
porous, more mineral rich than Portlandian
Portlandian soils
Portlandian limestone, a harder cap rock with less clay content. Portlandian limestone in Chablis lacks the multitudes of fossilized seashells that characterize Kimmeridgian marl, and it is younger, formed 130 million years ago.
Portlandian soils—those that overlay Portlandian limestone—are sandier and thinner than Kimmeridgian soils.
Petit Chablis AOP
established in 1944, found a home for Chardonnay wines produced on the plateaus of Portlandian limestone-derived soils—often higher, colder, and wind-exposed areas
min 9.5 % abv
What is La Moutonne?
In Chablis Grand Cru- An eighth climat, La Moutonne—monopole, owned by Domaine Long-Depaquit (itself owned by Domaines Albert Bichot)—permitted by the INAO for usage on labels but not listed as an official geographic designation. divided between the Preuses (five percent) and Vaudesir (95 percent) climats.
the vineyard faces mostly south, but some vines face southwest. it is a natural ampitheater. mostly in Vaudesir, some in Les Preuses
2.5 ha (6 acres)
Chablis and Chablis Grand Cru AOP min alcohol, and maximum yields?
Chablis: 10%, 60 hl/ha
Chablis Grand Cru: 11%, 54 hl/ha
Important right bank premier crus Chablis
Mont de Milieu, Montée de Tonnerre, Fourchaume
also: Berdiot, Côte de Vaubarousse, Les Fourneaux, Vaucoupin
(northern / same side of river as Grand Cru)
Important left bank premier crus Chablis
Vaillons, Montmains
also: Beauroy, Chaume de Talvat, Côte de Léchet, Côte de Jouan, Les Beauregards, Vau de Vey, Vosgros, Vau Ligneau
(southern/ opposite Grand Cru)
Crémant de Bourgogne - styles, grapes, aging?
Blanc and Rose
Traditional method
All sweetness levels
Min. 30% combined Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Noir; max. 20% Gamay
Min: 9 months lees aging, 12 months total
Eminent: 2 years lees aging
Grand Eminent: 3 years lees aging
Define the terms metayage and fermage
métayage - sharecropping
fermage - leasing
Chablis challenges 1800s
powdery mildew (1886)
phylloxera (1887)
Chablis challenges 1900s
World War I summoned every available vigneron—and their horses—to the front
WWII- heavy German bombardment
1945 almost completely lost to frost
1957 completely lost to frost
When was Chablis AOP established?
1938 goal was to define the area based on Kimmeridgean soils.
(1944 Petite Chablis established)
expanded in 1956- covering mostly Kimmeridgean soils
1978 expansion, upgraded many Petit Chablis vineyards.
Chablis Grand Cru AOP
min abv
Yonne Department
Blanc: 100% Chardonnay
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 11%
Minimum Must Weight: 178 g/l (170 g/l prior to 2011)
Maximum Residual Sugar: 4 g/l
Minimum Planting Density: 5,500 vines per hectare
Maximum Yields: 54 hl/ha
Principal Soils: Kimmeridgian marl
AOC Established: 1938 (last updated 2011)
around 100 ha planted
largest grand cru of Chablis? smallest?
Les Clos 28.39 ha
Grenouilles 9.38 ha
La Moutonne 2.5 ha
Blanchot
size
exposure
producers
12.39 ha
Domaine Laroche, Vocoret, La Chablisienne, Long-Depaquit, François Servin, François Raveneau
Unlike the other grand cru climats, Blanchot has a southeast exposure, facing the premier cru Montée de Tonnerre.
Bougros
size
producers
15.79 ha
William Fèvre (two bottlings: “Bougros” and “Côte Bouguerots”), Domaine du Colombier, Guy Robin, François Servin
Bougros was not originally classified as grand cru in 1935; it was added in 1938 as part of the final AOC legislation.
Grenouilles
size
producers
9.38 ha
La Chablisienne (Château de Grenouilles), Philippe Testut, Benoît Droin, Louis Michel
La Chablisienne owns 7.20 ha of this low-lying vineyard near the River Serein, named for the grenouilles, or “frogs,” that likely make it their home.
Les Clos
size
producers
28.39 ha
William Fèvre, Louis Moreau, Christian Moreau (both Moreau estates produce two bottlings: Les Clos and “Clos des Hospices dans le Clos”), Pinson, Drouhin-Vaudon, Vocoret, Vincent Dauvissat, Benoît Droin, François Servin, François Raveneau, Billaud-Simon, Louis Michel
This climat, which dates to at least 1417, is unanimously considered the top vineyard in Chablis. No walls stand today.
Preuses
size
producers
11.43 ha
La Chablisienne, Vincent Dauvissat, Jean et Sébastien Dauvissat, Billaud-Simon
Like Bougros, Preuses was not originally classified as grand cru in 1935; it was added in 1938 as part of the final AOC legislation. 0.11 hectares of Long-Depaquit’s “La Moutonne” monopole lie within Preuses. Spelled “Perreuse” in the 1500s, the vineyard name derives from pierre, or “stone.”
Valmur
size
producers
11.04 ha
Jean-Claude Bessin, Guy Robin, Christian Moreau, François Raveneau
This vineyard dates to the 1200s, when it was known as Vallemeur, the valley of brambles. It sits in a small, enclosed valley in the center of the grand cru hillside. With little wind and airflow, it acts as a heat trap in the summertime, and an easy target for cold and frost in the winter and spring.
Vaudésir
size
producers
14.49 ha
Christian Moreau, Alain Besson, Gérard Tremblay, Louis Michel, William Fevre
Many critics posit Vaudésir as the second-best grand cru, after Les Clos. Most of Domaine Long-Depaquit’s 2.35-ha monopole “La Moutonne” is within Vaudésir.
François Raveneau
3 grand cru
2 premier cru
small % NFO
Chablis, Grand Cru, Les Clos $1900
Chablis, Grand Cru, Blanchot $1000
Chablis, Grand Cru, Valmur $950
all $500-$600:
Chablis, Premier Cru, Montée de Tonnerre
Chablis, Premier Cru, Mont Mains (Montmains)
Chablis, Premier Cru, Vaillons
Chablis, Premier Cru, Butteaux (within the Montmains vineyard)
Chablis, Premier Cru, Chapelot (within the Montée de Tonnerre vineyard)
Chablis, Premier Cru, Forêt (within the Montmains vineyard)
Vincent Dauvissat
grand cru?
2 premier cru?
Chablis, Grand Cru, Les Clos $450
Chablis, Grand Cru, Les Preuses $400
all around $200
Chablis, Premier Cru, La Forest
Chablis, Premier Cru, Séchet
Chablis, Premier Cru, Vaillons
Chablis, Premier Cru, Montée de Tonnere
Louis Michel
grand cru?
premier cru?
no oak, all stainless- much more reasonably priced grand cru
Chablis, Grand Cru, Grenouilles $84
Chablis, Grand Cru, Vaudésir $100
Chablis, Grand Cru, Les Clos $100
Chablis, Premier Cru, Montée de Tonnerre
Chablis, Premier Cru, Forêts
Chablis, Premier Cru, Butteaux “Vieilles Vignes:” Produced from a 60-year old parcel within Butteaux.
William Fevre
3 grand cru
Chablis, Grand Cru, Bougros $90
Chablis, Grand Cru, Côte Bouguerots- from Bougros. Fevre owns almost half of this Grand Cru. Côte Bougerots is a south facing portion $200
Chablis, Grand Cru, Les Clos $150
Chablis, Grand Cru, Grenouilles
Chablis, Montée de Tonnerre
Beaujolais AOP
Blanc: 100% Chardonnay
Rouge & Rosé: max. 10% combined Gamay de Bouze and Gamay de Chaudenay
min 10% alcohol red & rose
min 10.5% for white
Beaujolais “Supérieur”: 10.5%
Beaujolais “Villages” Blanc: 11%
Beaujolais “Villages” Rosé/Rouge: 10.5%
AOC Established: 1937. Beaujolais AOC and Beaujolais-Villages AOC were consolidated in 2011
What rivers are in / near Beaujolais?
Saône to the east
L’Ardieres- just south of Regnie in Brouilly
La Vaxonne - through Beaujolais Villages in the South
L’Azergues furthest south
St Amour AOP
size
climate
soil
producers
northernmost cru of Beaujolais. around 300 ha planted- second smallest (Chénas is smaller).
lighter and less concentrated expression of cru Beaujolais.
hills to the west protect the area from harsh weather, and provide a warm dry wind.
granite, clay and schist
Producers: Famille Dutraive, Joseph Drouhin, Mommessin, Pascal Granger, Domaine du Clos du Fief
Julienas AOP
elevation / aspect
elevation
lieu dit
producers
vineyards have been here for over 2000 years, dating to Roman times. the area is named for Julius Caesar
vineyards on south-facing, higher granitic hillsides of Mont Bessay in the west, and lower-elevation vineyards further east, wherein soils are deeper with more alluvial sand and clay.
230-430 meters elevation. 600 ha
notable lieu dit: Les Capitans
Producers: La Cave des Producteurs de Juliénas (owns around 1/3),
Chénas AOP
size
soil
lieu dits
producers
smallest cru of Beaujolais at 250 ha
similar in style to Moulin a Vent - fuller bodied, tannic
granite in higher altitudes, siliceous clay in the lower areas
lieu dits: Les Brureaux, Clos aux Blémonts
producers: Famille Dutraive, Anthony Thevenet, Cave St Cyr
Moulin a Vent AOP
soil
communes
elevation
producers
named for a windmill. fullest bodied, most tannic Cru.
vines planted in soft, pink granitic soil (gore) on gently contoured, east-facing slopes. literature suggests that the robustness of Moulin-à-Vent wines stems from a heightened presence of manganese
communes: Chénas and Romanèche-Thorins. growers in Chénas can choose to label Moulin a Vent if they wish
elevation: 230-390 meters
600 ha planted
producers: Georges Duboeuf (negoce), Louis Jadot’s Château des Jacques, and Potel-Aviron all based here. others: Yvon Metras, Ch. Moulin a Vent, Thibault Liger-Belair.
Fleurie AOP
soil
lieu dit
producers
soil: pink granite, on the steeper slopes of the Mont la Madone.
elevation: 220 -450 meters
wines generally lighter, more elegant, floral.
lieu dit: La Madone
857 ha planted
La Cave des Producteurs des Grands Vins de Fleurie, the oldest cooperative in Beaujolais, produces about one-third of the appellation’s wines.
other producers: Yvon Metras, Jean Louis Dutraive, Jean Foillard
Chiroubles AOP
elevation
climate
soil
producers
highest-elevation cru in Beaujolais (250-450 meters) and the coolest. more extreme diurnal shifts
235 ha planted
pink granite soil
lightest, fruitiest cru
producers: Guy Breton, Domaine des Marrans,
Morgon AOP
size
soils
lieu dit
producers
second largest cru of Beaujolais with 1100 ha planted.
soils on the côte: roche pourrie—“rotten rock,” a mixture of iron-rich schist and basalt streaked with manganese
other soil: granitic, alluvial, and clay
lieu dit: Corcelette, Côte du Py
producers: Marcel Lapierre, Jean Foillard, Jean-Paul Thevénet, Guy Bréton, Anthony Thevenet
What is the gang of four?
Kermit Lynch’s favorite Beaujolais producers? guided by the philosophies of the late Beaujolais chemist and winemaker Jules Chauvet, were pioneers of natural winemaking in the region, and among the first to remind the world that Beaujolais had something to offer beyond nouveau.
Marcel Lapierre, Jean Foillard, Jean-Paul Thevénet, and Guy Bréton
Régnie AOP
soil
AOP est 1988 - much later than the rest. 400 ha planted
vineyards on pink granite hillsides, south easterly aspects- early ripening
average elevation 350 m
Brouilly AOP
topography
size
producers
largest cru of Beaujolais at over 1300 ha
vines on broad lower flanks of the Mont Brouilly, an extinct volcano that rises to 484 meters and presides over the landscape of the southern crus. The name itself derives from brûlé—“burnt.”
producers: Jean-Louis Dutraive, Domaine Jean-Claude Lapalu
Côte de Brouilly AOP
elevation
soil
producer
on the higher and steeper hillsides of Mont Brouilly, ~ 300 ha under vine. On the higher slopes (300-400 meters), there is less granite near the surface and more schist and grey-blue diorite rock, which colors vineyard soils in the appellation.
producers: Château Thivin
fruitiest crus of Beaujolais
Chiroubles- lighest
Brouilly, Régnié,
fruity, elegant crus of Beaujolais
Saint-Amour, Fleurie, and Chénas
More structured, fuller bodied crus of Beaujolais
Moulin-à-Vent - most structured
Côte de Brouilly, Morgon, Juilénas, and
Which departments do Beaujolais villages wines fall into?
most in Rhône department
some in Saône et Loire
divided into Haut in the north and Bas in the south- most come from the north
AOPs of the Maconnais
Pouilly-Fuissé
Pouilly-Loché
Pouilly-Vinzelles
Saint-Véran
Viré-Clessé
Macon AOP
all but Macon AOP are chardonnay only
Pouilly Fuissé AOP
grapes
communes
100% Chardonnay. most planted in the Macon at 39,000 ha.
added premier cru in 2020- only village of Macon to have premier cru- around 24% of appellation is premier cru
communes:
Fuissé
Solutré-Pouilly
Vergisson
Chaintré
Montee de Tonnerre
premiere cru on Right Bank of Chablis, just east of Blanchot. faces SW, considered top premier cru in Chablis
Chapelot
Côte de Bréchain
Pied d’Aloup
these can all label as Montée deTonnerre
Major Producers: François Raveneau, Jean Collet, Vocoret, Billaud-Simon
Fourchaume
premier cru on right bank in Chablis
Côte de Fontenay
L’Homme Mort
Vaulorent- directly north of Preuses
Vaupulent
Major Producers: Séguinot-Bordet, Vrignaud, Billaud-Simon, Jean-Claude Bessin, Domaine Dampt, Louis Michel, Patrick Piuze
Lieux dits of Les Fourneaux
Morein and Côte de Prés Girots. The parcels are noncontiguous.
Montmains
premier cru of Chablis. Butteaux and Forets may label as Montmains
soil: blue clay
producers: Raveneau, Samuel Billaud, Joseph Drouhin
argile
french word for clay
calcare
french word for limestone
Where and when did phylloxera first hit Beaujolais?
Morgon, 1874
Beaujolais minimum planting density?
5000 vines /ha
the crus are all 6000 vines / ha
Communes of Pouilly-Fuissé
Fuissé,
Solutré-Pouilly,
Vergisson,
Chaintré
Blanc Levrouté
a specialty of Vire Clessé in the Macon- late harvest Chardonnay
Mont de Milieu
premier cru on right bank of Chablis
Major Producers: Jean Collet, Billaud-Simon, Jean-Marc Brocard, William Fèvre, Denis Race
Vaillons
premier cru on left bank in Chablis
Lieu dit:
Beugnons
Chatains
Sécher
Les Lys
Mélinots
Roncières
Les Épinottes
Major Producers: Jean Collet, Louis Moreau, Billaud-Simon, Daniel Dampt, Louis Michel, Christian Moreau, William Fèvre, François Raveneau
Macon Villages- list 5 village designations
Lugny, Milly-Lamartine, Pierreclos
also Chardonnay, Chaintré, Prissé, etc. 27 communes can append their name
Vire Clessé - RS for blanc, demi sec, levrouté
sec max 3 g/l
demi sec 4-8 g/l
levrouté 8-18 g/l
Mont de Milieu - 3 producers
William Fevre
Jean Collet et Fils
Domaine Laroche
Montée de Tonnerre - climats and 3 producers
the largest of which is Chapelot, on the low-lying slopes of the spur, while Cote de Brechain and Pied d’Aloup
Ravenau, Dauvissat, William Fevre, Louis Michel
Fourchaume - lieu dit and 3 producers
*largest premier cru of Chablis!
Côte de Fontenay
L’Homme Mort
Vaulorent
Vaupulent
Esprit Leflaive, Albert Bichot, William Fevre, Louis Jadot
Montmains - who can label and 3 producers
Butteaux and Forets can also label Montmains
Raveneau, Lucien Le Moins, Albert Bichot, Moreau Naudet
Vaillons - who can label and 3 producers
8 premier cru can label Vaillons. Sechet and Les Lys are generally sold under their own name, while Roncieres and Les Epinottes will choose Vaillons
Raveneau, Dauvissat, Thomas Pico Domaine Pattes Loup, Moreau-Naudet
When is Beaujolais nouveau day? When was it first allowed by law?
third thursday in November
first allowed in 1951
Georges Duboeuf because a household name as a result. largest producer in Beaujolais
largest and smallest crus of Beaujolais?
largest is Brouilly at 1327 ha (approx 20% of entire Cru Beauj area)
smallest is Chénas at 253 ha
Beaujolais - min abv for red wines
Rouge: 10%
Beaujolais “Supérieur”: 10.5%
Cru Beaujolais: 10.5%
Beaujolais “Villages” Rosé/Rouge: 10.5%
general orientation of Chablis vineyards - Grand Cru, right bank, left bank
the grand cru, and premier crus on the right bank generally face SW
left bank faces SE- these are in side valleys not directly on the Seine
Macon white only geographical designations
Fuissé,
Loché,
Montbellet,
Solutré-Pouilly,
Uchizy,
Vinzelles,
Vergisson
Macon red only geographical designations
Serrières
Chablis min abv:
Petit
Chablis
Chablis 1er
Chablis Grand Cru
9.5%
10%
10.5%
11%
