FR: Loire Flashcards
What are the four appellations for Melon de Bourgogne in the Pays Nantais?
Muscadet
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu
Muscadet Côteaux de la Loire
major city here is Nantes
Butte de la Roche
high point of the Muscadet vineyards, rising to 50m (its pretty flat here)
Which Muscadet appellation allows blending?
Muscadet AOP: min 90% Melon B, max 10% Chardonnay
Côteaux d’Ancenis AOP
grapes
Styles
Within Pays Nantais
White from Pinot Gris
Rose and Red: Gamay w/max 10% CF
Pinot Gris may be bottled varietally as “Malvoisie”
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOP
where?
styles
grapes
in Pays Nantais
white, min 70% Folle Blanche (gros plant), with Montils and a max. 10% Colombard
can be labeled “sur lie”
Fiefs Vendéens AC: location and grapes
Within Pays Nantais. majority red and rose production. blends based on appellation (lots of varied soils here)
white: min 60% Chenin Blanc
rose: typically PN - Gamay blends
red: Pinot Noir or Cabernet Franc blended with Négrette
AOC est 2011
Requirements to label Sur Lie in Pays Nantais
Wine is aged on its lees throughout the winter, bottled directly off the lees without filtration between March 30th and November 30th of year following harvest
What are the rosé appellations in Anjou-Saumur? Grapes for each?
Rosé d’Anjou (Grolleau (Groslot), Grolleau Gris, Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis)
Cabernet d’Anjou (CF / CS)
Cabernet d’Anjou AOP
Rosé: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon- can be blend or single varietal
min 10g/l RS
Minimum Alcohol: 10.5% (10% acquired)
Rosé d’Anjou
Rosé: Grolleau (Groslot), Grolleau Gris, Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis
min 7g/l RS
Minimum Alcohol: 9.5% (9% acquired)
Rosé de Loire AOP
spread over Anjou and Touraine, dry rose from Grolleau (Groslot), Grolleau Gris, Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis
dry! max 3 g/l residual sugar
Anjou AOP
grapes and styles
around 60% red production
white: based on chenin- can be dry, demi-sec, moelleux, or doux
red and rose: CF, CS with max. 30% combined Pineau d’Aunis and Grolleau
varietally labeled Gamay
sparkling blanc and rosé
“rouget:” term for light bodied reds made from CF and CS
Sweet wine appellations in Anjou-Saumur
Côteaux du Layon AC, including
Quarts de Chaume AC
Bonnezeaux AC
Côteaux de l’Aubance
Côteaux de Saumur
Quarts de Chaume AOP
lieu dits
must weight
RS
100% Chenin
- Grapes affected by passerillage (air dried) OR botrytis, must be hand harvested in tries
- Cryoextraction is currently prohibited by law, but a transitional agreement allows the practice through 2019
- lieu dits: Les Quarts, Les Roueres, Le Veau
min 298 g/l must weight
min 85 g/l RS
NO Chaptalization
max 20hl/ha
hill of Chaume
home of Quarts de Chaume, and Ctx du Layon Chaume Premier Cru
highest point in the area at 100m elevation, this 40-hectare appellation sits on a bed of complex soils that include Broverian schists and pudding sandstones. The vines grow on a thin layer of clay between 25 and 75 meters above sea level, on steep, south-facing slopes overlooking the Layon River.
the hill is sheltered from north winds, and follows a curve in the river, making it ideally situated for the production of sweet wines
Mauges Hills to west: provide Foehn effect, limiting rainfall and protecting vines from north and west winds
What villages may append their name to Côteaux du Layon AOP?
Beaulieu-sur-Layon
Rochefort-sur-Loire
Face d’Anjou
St. Lambert du Lattay
St. Aubin de Luigné
Rablay-sur-Layon
Chaume
List the lieu dit of Quarts de Chaume
Les Quarts
Les Roueres
Le Veau
La Poueze
La Martiniere
La Borderie
Chaume
Bellerive
Suronde
Les Mines
Zerzilles
Bonnezeaux AOC
abv
RS
producers
100% Chenin
Grapes MAY be affected by botrytis, must be hand harvested in tries
min 15% potential (12% acquired, or 11% acquired if potential alcohol is at least 18%)
Min 51 g/l RS
Chaptalization allowed (it’s not for Quarts de Chaume)
Ch. des Fesles, Terrebrune
Anjou-Saumur appellations for dry Chenin
Savennieres AC, including Coulée de Serrant AOC and La Roche aux Moins AOC
Savennieres AOP
aspect
soil
communes
RS
on north banks of Loire. south facing vines. ample sun, not a ton of rain. this is Anjou Noir territory- blue schist, volcanic rock
includes Roche Aux Moines and Coulée de Serrant AOPs
Communes of Production: Bouchemaine, La Possonnière, Savennières
100% Chenin
min potential: 11.5% (11% acquired)
Sec: Max. 4 g/l (max. 8 g/l if total acidity is within 2 g/l of the residual sugar)
Demi-Sec: Max. 18 g/l
Moelleux: 18-45 g/l
Doux: more than 45 g/l
Sec/Demi-Sec: 50 hl/ha
Moelleux/Doux: 35 hl/ha
Roche Aux Moins 35 hl/ha
Coulée de Serrant 30 hl/ha
Coulée de Serrant AOP
abv
yield
lieu dit
monopole of Nicolas Joly within Savennières AOP - same sweetness levels
100% Chenin
Sec min potential: 12.5% (11.5% acquired)
Savenniere is 11.5 / 11% acquired
max 30hl/ ha
sections:
Grand Clos de la Coulée
Clos du Château
Les Plantes
Savennieres exposure and soil type
Steep southern exposure, blue schist and volcanic soils
Côteaux du Layon AOP
soil
RS
yields
on banks of Layon river, sandstone and schist soils. very favorable for dessert wines: grapes are on exposed, sunny slopes, rainfall is lower than in surrounding areas, temperatures are slightly higher, and Layon river offers humidity that helps foster botrytis
min 34 g/l RS (221g must weight)
- SGN - min 323 g/l must weight
- with village designation: 54 g/l (238g must weight)
- Chaume 1er cru: min 80 g/l (272g must weight)
no chaptalization for SGN or 1er cru. hand harvested
max 35hl/ha
village: 30hl/ha
1er: 25 hl/ha
(Anjou Saumur)
Saumur soil type
Soft tuffeau limestone
List 3 producers Saumur
Domaine du Collier
Domaine Guiberteau
Clos Rougeard
Arnaud Lambert Domaine de Saint-Jean
List two producers Anjou
Clau du Nell
Richard Leroy
White wine appellations Touraine
Vouvray
Jasnieres (Chenin)
Montlouis sur Loire (Chenin)
Cour-Cheverny (romarantin)
Cheverny AOC
Touraine- all wines are blends
whites: SB and SG
reds: PN and Gamay
Cour Cheverny AOP
Touraine
Romarantin (Pinot x Gouais Blanc)
sec: up to 8 g/l RS
off dry: more than 8g, may not be chaptalized
Montlouis sur Loire AOP
Touraine, south of Vouvray. same yellow tuffeau
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Vin Mousseux/Pétillant
Vin Mousseux à Fermentation Unique (ancestral method- must be disgorged. 9m ees)
Jasnieres AOP
Loire Valley, Touraine,
100 % Chenin
blanc sec: up to 8 g/l RS
blanc: 12 or more g/l RS
Vouvray AOP
grapes
sweetness levels
soil
Min 95% Chenin, max 5% Orbois
vin blanc and mousseaux / pétillant (12m total aging)
Vouvray AC only defines sec - up to 8 g/l RS
otherwise, defers to EU standards:
Demi-Sec / Sec Tendre: up to 12 (17? 18?) g/l
Moelleux: 12 (17? 18?) -45
Doux: over 45 g/l
soil: yellow tuffeau limestone. some vineyards directly on it, other have a flint-clay topsoil (known locally as perruches)
premiere cotes Loire
slopes in Vouvray with flint-clay topsoil, “perruches”, over yellow tuffeau limestone
best sites, closest to the river. south facing.
Touraine Noble-Joué AOP
In Touraine.
Rose: Historical style of vin gris made from Meunier and Pinot Gris
Principal Variety: Greater than 50% Meunier
Complementary Varieties: Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir
Major appellations Touraine
Vouvray
Chinon
Bourgueil
St. Nic de Bourgueil
Vouvray vineyards
Huet: Le Haut Lieu, Le Mont, Clos du Bourg
Clos Naudin: Les Perruches, Les Ruettes
Chinon AOP
grapes
soils
river
vineyards
in Touraine, south of the Loire. vineyards on banks of Vienne River
white from 100% Chenin
reds: Cab Franc majority. Plantings: max 10% CS
Tuffeau- on the slopes, best sites
Varennes- sandy alluvial on banks of Vienne river
Clay- tops of hills generally
notable vineyards: Le Clos de l’Olive, Le Chêne Vert, and La Croix Boissée
Vouvray soil type
Soft tuffeau limestone
What is tuffeau?
soft limestone soil in the Loire (Saumur, Chinon, Vouvray). It is porous and well draining. Many of the buildings there are constructed from it
List 3 producers Vouvray
François Chidaine (but based in Montlouis sur Loire)
Champalou
Huet
Philippe Foreau Domaine Clos Naudin
Domaine Pichot
List 3 producers Chinon
Charles Joguet
Bernard Baudry
Olga Raffault
Couly Dutheil
Domaine de Pallus
Clos des Capucins
Central vineyards white wine only appellatins
Pouilly Fumé (SB)
Quincy (SB)
Pouilly sur Loire (Chasselas)
Pouilly Fumé AOP
grapes
soils
producers
Central Vineyards
blanc 100% Sauvignon Blanc
soils: Kimmeridgian marl, Oxfordian limestone (caillottes), flint (silex), clay-siliceous soils
producers: Dagueneau is based here, but labels VDF, Alphonse Mellot, Chateau de Tracy, La Doucette
Pouilly sur Loire AOP
Central Vineyards
Chasselas
Orleans-Cléry AOP
Central Vineyards
100% Cabernet Franc
Central Vineyards - red wine only AOC
Orléans Clery AOP (cabernet franc)
Châteaumeillant is red and rosé
Menetou Salon AOP
Central Vineyards.
Wines of all 3 colors from Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir
Orleans AOP
Central Vineyards
Wines of all 3 colors from Chardonnay, Meunier, Pinot Noir
PG accessory for blanc and rosé
Reuilly AOP
Central Vineyards
Wines of all 3 colors from Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir
Important vineyards Sancerre
Les Montes Damnes (Dagueneau, Cotat)
Grand Côte (Cotat)
Clos la Néore (Vatan, within Montes Damnes)
Le Chêne Marchand
La Moussiere (Mellot) - huge
Cul de Beaujeu
Sancerre soil types
Silex (flinty)
Terres Blances (Kimmeridgian marls of clay and limestone)
Caillottes (limestone pebbles with fossils)
what type of soil is terres blanches
Kimmeridgian marls of clay and limestone
Sancerre
what type of soil is caillottes
limestone pebbles with fossils
Sancerre
what type of soil is silex
flint
Sancerre AOP
communes
grapes
Communes of Production: Bué, Bannay, Sancerre (Chavignol is here) … there are more
Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc
Rosé: 100% Pinot Noir
Rouge: 100% Pinot Noir
Principle Soils: Terres Blanches, Caillottes, Silex
most vineyards at 200-300 m elevation. highest point is 353 m, La Cuesta
Sancerre AOP
producers
Alphonse Mellot
Daniel Chotard
Sylvain Bailly
Lucien Crochet
Edmond Vatan / Clos la Néore
Henri Bourgeois
Domaine Vacheron
Vincent Gaudry
Francois Cotat
Gerard Boulay
La Cuesta
highest point in Sancerre, at 353 m
Where is Moulin Touchais based?
Coteaux du Layon
Who produces Cuvée Constance? What is it?
Domaine Huet; botrytised, hand-picked dessert wine from 3 estate vineyards.
Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOP
subzones
aging
abv
soil
min 10% abv, min 11% with subzone designation
wine kept on lees until at least March 1 of the year following the harvest
bottled directly off its fine lees between March 1 and December 31 of the year following the harvest, and not marketed until at least March 8
vines min 6 years
Granite soil
max 55 hl/ ha. with subzone: 45 hl/ha
accounts for more than 70% of plantings
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
subzones
Subzones: Clisson, Gorges, Le Pallet, Goulaine, Mouzillon-Tillières, Monnières-Saint-Fiacre, Château-Thébaud
note wines labeled by subzone may not include “sur lie” on the label
Muscadet Sevre et Maine aging no subzone
AOP without subzone indication: lees until March 1 yr following harvest, bottled by Dec 1 yr following harvest.
Muscadet Sevre et Maine- soils by subzone
Clisson: Granite
Gorges: Clay and gabbro (igneous rock)
Mouzillon-Tillières: Gabbro
Le Pallet: Gneiss, quartz, and gabbro
Goulaine: Gneiss, schist
Monnières-Saint-Fiacre: Gneiss
Château-Thébaud: Gneiss
Which Loire producer also possess the Kiralyudvar estate in Hungary?
Domaine Huet
St. Nicolas de Bourguiel AOP
Bourgueil AOP
grapes
soils
in Touraine- same requirements for both. on northern bank of Loire, protected from northerly winds by a forest. threats are frost and drought
Rose & Red: CF majority. max plantings 10% Cab Sauv
tuffeau clay soils - best sites
Most of St-Nicolas and part of Bourgueil on alluvial terrace
max 55 hl/ha
Bourgueil Producers
Catherine & Pierre Breton
Gauthier Pere et Fils
Where is Nicolas Joly based? Monopole?
Savenniere
monopole: Coulée de Serrant AOP
Also make Clos de la Bergerie in Roche aux Moins
Name a Clos Rougeard single vineyard bottling?
Les Poyeaux
Le Bourg
Saumur AOP
DRY whites from Chenin
DRY Red and Rose: CF with CS and Pineau d’Aunis
Saumur “Puy Notre-Dame”: CF w/ max. 15% CS
Sparkling white based on Chenin
Sparkling rose based on CF
Saumur Mousseaux is also known as Fines Bulles
chalky limestone tuffeau soils
Breze vineyard is here
lots of sparkling production around the town of Saumur
Saumur Champigny AOP
grapes
soil
producers
rouge only
Cabernet Franc with max. 15% combined CS and Pineau d’Aunis
name derives from the Latin campus ignis (field of fire). warm- protected by forest of Fontevraud to the south, and rivers Thouet and Loire
soil: clay, tuffeau, limestone = good water retention and drainage
producers: Clos Rougeard, Chateau Yvonne, Thierry Germain Domaine des Roches Neuves
Soil types in Muscadet
gneiss, granite, gabbro, amphibolite, mica schist, and many others
Which appellation in Pays Nantais can no longer label “sur lie”?
Muscadet AOP- as of 2020
List 3 producers making Muscadet
Claude Branger
Dom de la Pepiere
Dom de Bellevue
Luneau Papin
Metaireau
local synonym for Chenin Blanc in Quarts de Chaume
Pineau de la Loire
What are the requirements for sparkling Vouvray?
100% Chenin Blanc
min 12 months aging
What are the two types of tuffeau limestone?
tuffeau blanc: chalkier, firmer. used for buildings
tuffeau jaune (yellow): softer, sandier, in the Loire’s finest Cabernet Franc vineyards, in Saumur
IGP of the Loire Valley
Val du Loire- most important
also: Côtes de la Charité, Coteaux de Tannay, Coteaux du Cher et de l’Arnon, and Puy de Dôme.
Massif Armoricain
covers NW France. It is the remains of the giant Hercynian range of mountains from the Precambrian era. These old rocks form the basis of the soils of Muscadet and other appellations of the Nantais region and the western half of Anjou, including Savennières. This area is known as the Anjou Noir (or Black Anjou) because of the dark soils that characterize the Armorican Massif.
Granite, gneiss, multicolored schist, slate, and pudding stones are found here.
Anjou Noir vs Blanc
Anjou Noir is on the Massif Armoricain - granite, gneiss, schist, slate
Anjou Blanc marks the beginning of the Paris Basin - soft, chalky Cretaceous limestone
recent frost vintages Loire
2021, 2019, 2017, 2016
Loire tributaries
Maine, Sèvre Nantaise in Pays Nantais
Layon, L’Aubance in Anjou (south)
Sarthe, Loir, Mayenne in Anjou (north)
Thouet in Saumur
Vienne, Indre, Cher in Touraine
why are warmer vintages correlated with increased frost damage?
With higher temperatures early in the season, the vine’s growing cycle has shifted, so budbreak is earlier. As a result, when the spring frosts strike—as they have always done, to a greater or lesser extent—the vine is far more advanced than it would have been in years past and the losses more consequent.
frost management techniques
candles/ chaufrettes- not environmentally friendly
aspersion- water-spraying at night is an effective solution, wind can interfere
- Frost fans
- heated electric wires positioned along the training wires in the canopy- very expensive
- pruning later, pruning longer, pruning twice, or any combination of these. Such adaptations are expensive and time consuming but appear to mitigate losses, at least in part.
most planted grapes entire Loire
Loire viticultural challenges
- Frost (Chenin is early budding and especially susceptible to frost damage)
- Heat/ drought: irrigation is prohibited here
- warmer weather and more humidity = powdery mildew a constant threat
- botrytis- SB has small berries and tightly packed bunches
- eutypa dieback, esca
Muscadet AOP
allows up to 10% Chardonnay
cannot say “sur lie” on the label as of 2020
max 70hl/ha
Anjou Villages Brissac
this and Anjou Villages- both Cab Franc and Cab Sauv
Brissac max 50 hl/ha
Villages max 55 hl/ha
Anjou Brissac is centered around the Aubance River area just south of Angers. It covers the same 120-hectare area as the sweet wine appellation Coteaux de l’Aubance.
Coteaux de l’Aubance AOP
must weights
RS
in Anjou. follow the Aubance river, which runs parallel to the Layon
100% Chenin
Blanc: 238 g/l
SGN: 323 g/l
min 34 g/l RS
** note - Coteaux de Saumur is same requirements
Savennières producers
Nicolas Joly
Domaine de Baumard
Domaine de la Bergerie
Thibaud Boudignon
Crémant de Loire AOP
Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Orbois, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinot Noir.
Max. 30% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d’Aunis
min 9 months lees, 12 months total aging
min 4 atm
must be hand harvested
spreads across Anjou-Saumur and Touraine
Haut-Poitou AOP
- mostly white production, from SB, with up to 40% Sauvignon Gris.
- Reds are 60% Cabernet Franc, which may be blended with Gamay, Pinot Noir, and Merlot.
- some rose made from CF, Gamay, PN
Saumur, south of Chinon
Touraine AOP
geographic designations
geographic designations: Amboise, Mesland, Azay-le-Rideau, Oisly, Chenonceaux
Touraine AOP
grapes
styles
- whites: majority SB with SG
- rose: must be blend, loire red grapes
- reds: min 50% Cot, unless vineyard is west of Tours- then CF is majority.
- varietal Gamay (min 85%)
- sparkling
Azay, Mesland, Amboise- whites are based on Chenin
Touraine Amboise
grapes
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rosé: min. 70% Cot with Gamay
Rouge: 100% Cot
Touraine Mesland
Blanc: majority Chenin
Rosé: majority Gamay
Rouge: must be blend
Touraine Azay-le-Rideau
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rosé: majority grolleau
Touraine Oisly
Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc
Touraine Chenonceaux
Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc
Rouge: 60-80% Cot
Touraine AOP
rivers
soil
most vineyards between Loire and Cher rivers.
tuffeau, sand, clay, flint, alluvial soils
Coteaux du Giennois AOP
Central Vineyards, north of Sancerre
mostly white from SB
rose and reds are PN / Gamay blends
Côtes de la Charité IGP
whites from Chradonnay, Pinot Gris
reds from PN
Saint-Pourcain AOP
Central France- along Allier River (tributary to Loire), south of Sancerre
Rosés are 100% Gamay, while reds must be blends of Pinot Noir and Gamay.
Whites are from Chardonnay and Tressallier (also known as Sacy)
Côtes d’Auvergne AOP
Central France, south of Saint-Pourcain. volcanic soils
whites from Chardonnay
reds and roses from Gamay with PN
Côtes du Forez
Central France, east of Côtes d’Auvergne. named for Forez mountains
red and rose from 100% Gamay
Côte Roannaise AOP
Central France
red and rose form 100% Gamay
Synonym for Cabernet Franc in Chinon
Breton
Muscadet Sevre et Maine - aging by subzone
Goulaine and Le Pallet: Wines must be aged on their fine lees until at least April 1 of the second year following the harvest
Gorges, Clisson, Mouzillon-Tillières, Monnières-Saint-Fiacre, and Château-Thébaud: Wines must be aged on their fine lees until at least October 1 of the second year following the harvest
pierre à fusil
french term for smoky gunflint aroma (Sancerre)
Didier Dagueneau
est 1982, based in Pouilly Fumé.
Vineyards: Buisson Ménard, Clos du Calvaire (La Folie, Le Bois de Saint Andélain, Les Coques), Les Mont Damnés (in Sancerrre)
developed the cigare barrel- longer and slimmer than a typical barrel, designed to increase lee contact for their top cuvées
center of Loire sparkling production?
Saumur!
second only to Champagne in the countryy
Monopole AOPs of France?
Savennieres Coule de Serrant - Nicolas Joly
Chateau Grillet - François Pinault
Romanée Conti, La Tache - DRC
La Grande Rue- F Lamarche
La Romanée- Liger Belair
Clos de Tart
Important vineyards Savennieres
Clos Papillon - most important. Domaine des Baumard and Domaine du Closel both make wine here
Anjou mountains / soils?
Partially shielded by Pilat mountain range
East Anjou blanc: tuffeau, chalk: Saumur & Champigny
West Anjou noir: Schist, slate, volcanic: Savennieres, QdC, Anjou Villages
Anjou red wine only AOCs
Anjou-Villages
Anjou-Villages Brissac
Saumur-Champigny
allow red: Anjou, Haut Poitou, Saumur
Central Vineyards - red allowed AOC
Orleans
Orleans Clery (red only!)
Sancerre
Menetou-Salon
Reuilly
Coteaux du Giennois
Châteaumeillant
Bonnezeaux - max yield
25 hl/ha
Coteaux du Layon yield
Coteaux du Layon: 35 hl/ha
Coteaux du Layon Chaume 1er: 25 hl/ha
Coteaux du Layon (with other village designation): 30 hl/ha
Quarts de Chaume yield
max 20 hl/ha
(25 prior to 2011)
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu soils
around lake of Grandlieu, soils are limestone, granite, gravel
Pays Nantais- most planted AOP?
Muscadet Sevre et Maine, at around 7800 ha
Muscadet Sevre et Maine - min abv?
10%
11% with subzone designation
Muscadet Sevre et Maine - aging (no subzone)?
wine kept on lees until at least March 1 yr after harvest. bottled directly off its lees between March 1st and December 31st. not marketed until at least March 8th
Muscadet Sevre et Maine - aging (with subzone)?
Goulaine and Le Pallet: Wines must be aged on their fine lees until at least April 1 of the second year following the harvest
Gorges, Clisson, Mouzillon-Tillières, Monnières-Saint-Fiacre, and Château-Thébaud: Wines must be aged on their fine lees until at least October 1 of the second year following the harvest
Pays Nantais- AOPs allowed to make red?
Coteaux d’Ancenis (Gamay max 10% CF)
Fiefs Vendéens
Loire- annual sunshine hours by region
Nantais 1570
Anjou and Saumur 1420
Touraine 1395
Central Vineyards 1372
Châteaumeillant AOP
central vineyards
red and rose from 60% Gamay and PN
Coteaux du Loir AOP
touraine
blanc 100% Chenin
rose/red: min. 65% Pineau d’Aunis
Coteaux de Vendômois AOP
touraine
Blanc: Chenin Blanc, plus max. 20% Chardonnay
Rosé (Vin Gris): 100% Pineau d’Aunis
Rouge: Min. 50% Pineau d’Aunis, 10-40% Pinot Noir, 10-40% Cabernet Franc, max. 20% Gamay
Valençay AOP
touraine
whites based on SB
rose/ rouge: gamay with PN
Anjou rivers
Layon - marks change from anjou noir to anjou blanc
Aubance
la Dive Bouteille
natural wine festival of Saumur- world’s largest
rose appellations of Loire
DRY:
Rose de Loire AOP (max 3)
Touraine Noblé Joue (max 4)
OFF DRY:
Rosé d’Anjou (min 7)
Cabernet d’Anjou (min 10)
Le Chêne Marchand
where?
producers
village of Bué, in Sancerre. south facing vineyard site
Sylvain Bailly
Lucien Crochet
François Crochet
Pascal Jolivet
Clos Papillon
where?
producers
Savennieres
Dom du Closel
Dom des Baumard
Domaine des Forges
what Loire AOP makes the most wine?
Cabernet d’Anjou - one in 10 Loire wines is from here. Only AOP in France for rosé tendre (off dry).
Loire - sparkling AOPs
Crémant de Loire
Anjou
Saumur
Touraine
Vouvray
Montlouis sur Loire
Quarts de Chaume
soil
brioverian schists
puddingstone
siliceous rocks
volcanic
when were Quarts de Chaume and Chaume given cru status?
QdC grand cru
Chaume premier cru
both in 2011
where can you chaptalize sweet wines Anjou?
YES: Ctx du Layon, Bonnezeaux, Anjou Ctx de la Loire, Ctx de l’Aubance
NO: QDC, Ctx du Layon Chaume 1er, Ctx de Saumur
what are Turnian soils?
yellow limestone and clay
Chinon
