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Master Sommelier Theory 2025 > Portugal: Southern + Madeira > Flashcards

Portugal: Southern + Madeira Flashcards

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1
Q

`DOPs in Lisboa IGP?

A

notable: all near the capital city of Lisbon:
Bucelas DOP
Colares DOP
Carcavelos DOP

north: Encostas d’Aire DOP

center: Óbidos DOP
Lourinhã DOP
Torres Vedras DOP
Alenquer DOP
Arruda DOP

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2
Q

Bucelas DOP - where is it? Grapes and styles?

A

Lisboa IGP

dry whites and sparkling
Min. 75% Arinto (Perdernã); plus Sercial (Esgana Cão) and Rabo de Ovelha

sandy loam soils

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3
Q

Colares DOP - where is it? Grapes and styles?

A

Lisboa IGP

Red and white - mostly Ramisco (red) and Malvasia

reds labeled based on soil types:

In “chão de areia” (sandy): Primarily Ramisco
In “chão rija” (harder soils): Primarily Castelão

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4
Q

Colares DOP soil types

A

reds labeled based on soil types:

In “chão de areia” (sandy): Primarily Ramisco
In “chão rija” (harder soils): Primarily Castelão

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5
Q

Carcavelos DOP - where is it? Grapes and styles?

A

Lisboa IGP

Vinho Licoroso (fortified): Tinto, Branco

Tinto: Min. 75% combined Castelão and Preto Martinho (Negra Mole)
Branco: Min. 75% combined Arinto, Ratinho, and Galego Dourado

min 17.5% abv (actual)
min 150 g/l RS
24m in wood, 6m in bottle

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6
Q

What is used to sweeten Carcavelos fortified wines? How long are they aged?

A

(Lisboa IGP)

The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado, a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol.

After fortification, Carcavelos wines are aged in barrel for at least two years, followed by at least six months in bottle

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7
Q

Which DOPs are within the Peninsula de Setubal IGP? Wines made? Producer?

A

Setubal and Palmela.

Setubal is known for vinhos licoroso that made the round trip journey like Madeira. Grapes: Moscatel de Setubal (d’Alexandria)- both red and white and Moscatel Roxo.

Producer: JM de Fonseca

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8
Q

Major river in Lisboa IGP?

A

Tagus (Tejo) River- flows into Atlantic at southern end of the IGP

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9
Q

Describe the climate of Tejo and Alentejo

A

landlocked, hot, Tagus river is here.
lots of cork production here

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10
Q

Which DOPs are within the Açores IGP?

A

(Azores)
Pico DOP - fortified whites, volcano!
Biscoitos DOP
Graciosa DOP

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11
Q

What is the DOP for unfortified wines from the island of Madeira?

A

Madeirense. may be red, white, or rosé, from a variety of grapes

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12
Q

Where may Madeira be produced?

A

on the Island of Madeira, or on the neighboring island of Porto Santo

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13
Q

What are poios?

A

On the island of Madeira, basalt stone walls that sustain terraces. These walls ring the island’s perimeter and support viticulture on the steep incline.

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14
Q

Madeira vine training?

A

Most vines are trained in a pergola system, with vines suspended on low trellises known as latadas to combat the dangers of fungal disease.

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15
Q

What are levadas?

A

Manmade canals on Madeira that make agriculture possible

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of companies involved in the Madeira wine trade?

A

Production companies -make the wine. There are 8, but only 6 actively export wine

Shipping companies - trade the wine. Often based in London, they purchase the wine and have it bottled under their brand.

Partidistas - store and sell the wine at maturity. Similar to Almacenistas of Sherry trade.

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17
Q

What are Partidistas?

A

companies in the Madeira wine trade that store and sell the wine at maturity. Similar to Almacenistas of Sherry trade.

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18
Q

List at least 5 Madeira production companies

A

Vinhos Justino Henriques - largest

Madeira Wine Company - second largest (Blandy’s Cossart Gordan)

Henriques & Henriques - largest independent producer

Pereira D’Oliveira
Vinhos Barbeito
HM Borges
Faria & Filhos
Madeira Vintners

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19
Q

When did phylloxera arrive in Madeira? Which two grapes were not replanted after phylloxera hit Madeira?

A

1872
Terrantez and Bastardo

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20
Q

What grape accounts for around 85% of Madeira production?

A

Tinta Negra

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21
Q

Which Madeira grapes are harvested last?

A

Sercial and Verdelho, they are also separated from their skins prior to fermentation

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22
Q

Which Madeira grapes are harvested first?

A

Bual and Malvasia, they also undergo a shorter fermentation on the skins

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23
Q

Describe the estufagem process

A

The estufa is a stainless steel vat that circulates hot water through coils inside the vat, heating the wine to 40-50 degrees celsius (113-122 F). Wines are held in tank for at least 3 months, then rested for at least 90 days. (estagio is the period of rest).

Estufagem wines may not be released until 2 years after the harvest

24
Q

What is estagio?

A

Period of rest in Madeira made with the estufagem process

25
Q

What is armazens de calor?

A

a more delicate version of the estufagem process, in which rooms are warmed by tanks or steam pipes. this process uses lower temperatures than the estufa, but takes up to a year.

Madeira Wine Company uses it

26
Q

Describe the Canteiro process?

A

Madeira producers will make their best wines with the Canteiro process. Wines are oak aged for at least 2 years in lodge attics, and may be bottled at a minimum of 3 years of age. Most are aged 20 or more years to make frasqueira madeira

27
Q

Seleccionado Madeira - aging?

A

at least 3 years, but less than 5 years. Estufagem process.

28
Q

Reserva Madeira aging?

A

at least 5 years, but below 10 years

29
Q

Special Reserve (Reserva Especial) Madeira aging?

A

at least 10 years, but below 15 years.

30
Q

Extra reserve madeira aging?

A

minimum 15 years, but less than 20 years

31
Q

List the different styles of multi-vintage madeira

A

Rainwater
Seleccionado
Reserva
Reserva Especial
Extra Reserve
5/10/15/20/30/40/Over 50 years old
Solera

32
Q

List the types of Madeira that may carry a vintage date?

A

Colheita (Harvest)
Frasqueira
Vinho de Roda/ Vinho de Torno/ Vinho de Volta (round trip wines)

33
Q

Colheita Madeira aging? Is it all from a single vintage? Single variety?

A

minimum 85% from a single vintage
minimum 5 years aging
may be a single variety or a blend

34
Q

Frasqueira Madeira aging?

A

vintage Madeira aged minimum 20 years in cask
Must be made from a single “noble” variety
min 85% from a single vintage
produced by the Canteiro method

35
Q

What mountains effectively divide Lisboa in half?

A

The Serra de Montejunto, in the Montejunto-Estrela Mountain Range

Colares lies to the west, on sandy (& phylloxera free) soils

Bucelas, Carcavelos, Alenquer all to the east, sheltered from Atlantic winds. They have a drier, more consistent growing season

36
Q

Alenquer DOP - where is it? Grapes?

A

Lisboa IGP

reds from: Aragonez, Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Miuda (Graciano), Trincadeira

whites: Fernao Pires and Arinto.

37
Q

What bodies of water influence the climate of the Peninsula de Setubal? Mountains?

A

Quite far south, Mediterranean climate.

Atlantic Ocean
Tagus River
Sado River

Arrábida at the southern end- offer some cooling winds

38
Q

Alentejo DOP - where is it? Subzones?

A

Alentejano IGP

Moura, Granja-Amareleja, Évora, Vidigueira, Reguengos, Redondo, Borba, and Portalegre*

39
Q

Alentejo grapes

A

tinto: Alfrocheiro, Alicante-Bouschet, Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Cabernet-Sauvignon, Castelão, Syrah, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)

branco: Antão Vaz, Arinto (Pedernã), Fernão-Pires (Maria Gomes), Manteúdo, Perrum, Rabo de Ovelha, Síria (Roupeiro), Tamarez, Trincadeira das Pratas

40
Q

List 3 producers of Alentejo wines

A

Cartuxa
Herdade do Rocim
Herdade do Esporao
Mouchão
Quita do Carmo

41
Q

Vinho de Talha

A

Talha is a term used in Alentejo for amphora wines. outside the region it’s usually referred to as amphora. notably in the Vidigueira subregion.

must remain in in the Talha on the skins until at least Nov 11, St. Martin’s Day.

the Talha should be lined using either pez (or pés), a mix of beeswax, resin (ideally de-aromatised so as not to flavour the wine) and sometimes olive oil and herbs. The alternative, epoxy, is easier to clean but allows no oxygen ingress.

tareco = smaller version, around 500 L

42
Q

What are the main red and white grapes of Algarve?

A

IGP in southern portugal

red: Castelao, Tinta Negra Mole, Touriga Nacional
white: Arinto, Siria

43
Q

What DOPs are within Algarve IGP?

A

Lagos, Portimão, Lagoa, and Tavira

(southern portugal)

44
Q

What are the DOPs of the Azores? Styles and grapes?

A

Pico, Biscoitos, Graciosa. (Biscoitos is on the island of Terceira)

Branco, Espumante, Vinho Licoroso

Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez

45
Q

What are the walls on Pico called?

A

“paredes” or “murinhos” - made from basalt. These walls were erected to protect the vines from the wind and the salty sea spray, which are planted in thousands of small rectangular enclosures locally called currais. UNESCO World Heritage Site

46
Q

What are the sweetness levels of Madeira?

A

Extra-Dry: Less than 0.5 Baumé
Seco/ Dry: Less than 1.5 Baumé
Meio Seco / Medium Dry: 1 to 2.5 Baumé
Meio Doce / Medium Sweet: 2.5 to 3.5 Baumé
Doce / Sweet: Above 3.5 Baumé

47
Q

What are the noble white grapes of Madeira?

A

Sercial (Esgana Cão)
Verdelho
Boal (Bual, Malvasia Fina)
Malmsey (originally Malvasia Candida, now more commonly Malvasia Branca de São Jorge)

48
Q

What are the sweetness levels for varietal Madeira?

A

Sercial may be dry or extra dry - up to 1.5 Baumé

Verdelho is medium dry - 1-2.5 Baumé

Boal is medium sweet -2.5 to 3.5 Baumé

Malvasia is sweet - Above 3.5 Baumé

Terrantez is medium dry or medium sweet - 1-3.5 Baumé

49
Q

What is a Baumé?

A

A way to measure sugar in grape must

1°Bé = 1.8°Brix = 18 grams per litre sugar = 1 degree alcohol
1 Brix = 10 g/L sugar.

Depending on the efficiency of the yeast in converting sugar to alcohol 1°Bé will produce 1-1.1% alcohol. So fruit picked at 12°Bé will result in a wine with 12-13.5% Alcohol.

50
Q

What is seleccionado Madeira?

A

Such bottles are often labeled “Finest,” “Choice,” or “Select,” and include a blended wine that is at least 3 years old (but below five years of age). These wines are dominated by the Tinta Negra grape, heated in Estufagem and aged in tank rather than cask.

51
Q

Describe Solera Madeira

A

These are Madeira wines produced by fractional blending and the Canteiro method.

A maximum 10% of a solera’s stock may be drawn off each year, and only 10 total additions may be made to each solera.

Solera wines will be bottled with the starting date of the solera, but wines added to the solera may actually be older than the original wine—a solera on Madeira often served to extend the lifespan of a particular vintage, when there was little or no wine to sell in the following year. To accomplish this, producers refreshed soleras with stocks of older, rather than younger, wines.

52
Q

Which styles of Madeira carry a vintage date?

A

Colheita
Frasqueira
Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta

53
Q

What is the soil type on Madeira?

A

volcanic - very fertile

different types:
saibro (a decomposed red tufa)
cascalho (stony soil)
pedra mole (sandy yellow tufa)
massapes (literally, “foot-thump”, a clay of decomposed dark tufa)

54
Q

What is espaldeira?

A

A seldom found vine training on Madeira - vines are trained straight upward. H&H has around 10ha planted this way. Maximizes sun exposure

55
Q

Where are most Madeira production companies based?

A

Funchal, the capitol

56
Q

What are the three hybrid grapes allowed in Madeira production? Which can not be listed on a Madeira label?

A

Cunningham
Jacquet
Bastardo

Isabella cannot be listed on labels

Master Sommelier Theory 2025 (57 decks)

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