Social Processes, Attitude, & Behavior.

Question 1

What is social action?

Answer 1

First discovered by Max Weber. Social Action is actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious of and performing because others are around. How people change their behavior due to their environment.

Question 2

What is social facilitation?

Answer 2

People perform better on simple tasks when they’re in the presence of others– being watched.

Question 3

What is the “Yerkes–Dodson law of social facilitation”

Answer 3

This law states that human will perform better at simple tasks while being watched, but will also do worse on tasks they’re not skilled at when being watched.

Question 4

Describe deindividuation

Answer 4

Phenomena that states an individual will act differently in a group setting that is inconsistent with his normal behavior. Can lead to antinormative behavior, or behavior against what is the norm. Anonymity allows the individual to act out.

Question 5

Describe the bystander effect:

Answer 5

States that groups of people will not intervene to help a victim for several reasons.

Question 6

What is social loafing?

Answer 6

People in a group setting might put less effort while in a group than they would do normally.

Question 7

What is identity shift effect?

Answer 7

The effect states that when an individual’s harmony is disrupted by the threat of social rejection, then the individual must conform and change in order to not feel rejected.

Question 8

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 8

The presence of two opposing view points or opinions which causes turmoil in an individual.

Question 9

Describe the Soloman Asch experiment.

Answer 9

Tried to demonstrate the power of conforming to a group. An group gives a wrong answer, and it tests if the subject would likely give the wrong answer or right answer.

Question 10

What is group polarization?

Answer 10

The idea that people in a group tend to form extreme views. Either too extreme or too cautious.

Question 11

Describe group thinking.

Answer 11

In order to maintain harmony and eliminate conflict, the group makes a poor or incorrect decision. Reduces critical thinking in order for please everyone. Irving Janis is associated with this.

Question 12

What is assimilation?

Answer 12

The process through which one culture is blended or joined together with another culture. Usually uneven, melting pot.

Question 13

What are ethnic enclaves?

Answer 13

Location with high concentration of ethnic groups- China town.

Question 14

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 14

Communities with multiple cultures which are celebrates together. The community is a cultural mosaic and coexistence of different cultures.

Question 15

What are subcultures?

Answer 15

groups within the culture, usually is associated with a negative connotation because they don’t fit the norm of the culture.

Question 16

Describe the different types of socialization:

Answer 16

Primary: done during childhood and learned via parents.
Secondary: done during teenage years, learned in different small social groups like school, church, sports.
Anticipatory: anticipating social changes–marriage.
Resocialization: forget old social beliefs for new ones.

Question 17

Norms and Mores

Answer 17

Norms are things normal to a society or culture. Mores are widely accepted social norms. These can changes from culture to culture.

Question 18

What are agents of socialization?

Answer 18

The way humans interact with each other and who we interact with. Constantly changing medium.

Question 19

What is deviance?

Answer 19

Deviance is straying away from the social norm. It doesn’t always have to be a bad thing.

Question 20

What are stigmas?

Answer 20

Stigmas are dislikes towards a particular trait, group, idea, belief, etc which strays away from the norm.

Question 21

Describe labeling theory:

Answer 21

The labels we are given effect how others precieve us, but also how we perceive ourselves.

Question 22

Contrast internalization and identification.

Answer 22

Internalization is both conforming and agreeing to ideas.

Identification is conforming, but questioning the ideas.

Question 23

What is compliance?

Answer 23

Compliance is agreeing to a behavior even though the person ordering doesn’t have the power to order.

Question 24

What is the foot in the door technique?

Answer 24

Asking a small favor, complying, then asking for a bigger favor.

Question 25

What is the door in foot technique?

Answer 25

Asking for a big favor, being rejected, then asking for a small(intended) favor.

Question 26

What is the lowball technique?

Answer 26

Asking a favor, agreeing, then raising the value of the favor to something bigger. “more than you bargained for”

Question 27

What is the “that’s not all” technique?

Answer 27

seen in infomercials. Offering something, then offering more than expected.

Question 28

What is obedience? how is it different from compliant?

Answer 28

Obedience is taking order from an authority figure. Compliant is taking orders from a non authority figure.

Stanly Milgram

Question 29

What are the components of attitude?

Answer 29

Affect: how one feels about something.
Behavioral: how one behaves towards something.
Cognition: how one thinks of something.

Question 30

What are the components of the functional attitude theory:

Answer 30

Knowledge- provides organization and stability
ego expressive- communicate your feeling and emotions
ego defensive- protect self esteem.
adaptive- accepted if attitude changes

Question 31

What is the learning theory of attitude?

Answer 31

We learn our attitude about things through contact and communication with others. This is good, this is bad.

Question 32

What is the likelihood elaboration theory of attitude?

Answer 32

Attitude is on a continuum.
Central route: more focused on detail
Peripheral route: more focused on superficial.

Question 33

What is the social cognitive theory?

Answer 33

Humans learn through observation of others to learn.

Question 34

What is cognitive dissonance theory?

Answer 34

explains that we feel uncomfortable when we hold two conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. E.g., A person knows that smoking cigarettes is bad for your health, but they decide to smoke anyway. In this example the belief conflicts with the person’s behavior.