Organic Chemistry Bonding Flashcards
Compare and contrast the strength of sigma vs pi bonds.
Sigma bonds are much stronger than pi bonds.
Contrast the relative strength between single, double, and triple bonds
single
What is the shortcut for the octet rule?
HONC: 1234
If there are more then there is a cation
If there are less then there is an anion
What are the characteristics of sp molecules?
180 degrees and linear.
What are the characteristics of sp2 molecules?
120 degrees and trigonal planer
What are the characteristics of sp3 molecules?
109.5 degrees and tetrahedral
Explain what happens to a bond in relation to energy.
Energy is needed to break a bond.
Energy is released when you form a bond.
Rank some key elements based on electronegativity.
F > O > N > Cl > Br > I > S > C > H
Relate the concepts of electronegativity, nucleophilicity, acidity, and electrophilicity.
The more electronegative a molecule is the more acidic it is as well. The molecule will have better characteristics of an electrophile and deceased nucleophilic properties.
Relate pKa and acidity
They have an inverse relationship. The higher the pKa then the lower the acidity.
What are lewis acids.
Lewis acids accept electrons, usually have a positive charge.
What are lewis bases.
Lewis bases donate electrons, usually have a negative charge.
What is the 5-10-15-20 rule of pKa?
5- Carboxyl Acid
10- Phenol
15- carbonyl
20 - alpha hydrogen
List the strong acids.
H2S04> HI> HBr > HCl >HNO3
Relate size of an atom and it’s acidity.
This statement is only true for elements attached to hydrogen: Acidic property increases with size, that’s why HI is the most acidic. It a hydorgen isn’t attached then it’s based on electronegativity.
