General Chemistry Acids/ Bases

Question 1

List of strong acids?

Answer 1

H2SO4 > HI > HBr > HCl > HNO3

Question 2

Relationship between Ka and pKa

Answer 2

Strong acids have high Ka and low pKa.

Question 3

Acidity trend in groups and periods.

Answer 3

Groups increase acidity down.

Periods increase acidity going right.

Question 4

General rules for oxyacid acidity.

Answer 4

More electronegative the central atom, the more acidic.
The more oxygens bound to central atom, the more acidic.
Excess oxygen can be determined by subtracting H from O.

Question 5

Non metal oxides act as:

Answer 5

lewis acids, extra lone pair acceptors; acidic.

Question 6

metal oxides acts as

Answer 6

lewis base, extra lone pair donator; basic. react to make metal hydroxides.

Question 7

Polyprotic Pkas

Answer 7

The first hydrogen removed is more acidic than the second. Therefore, pka1 is lower than pka2.

Question 8

What kind of salt forms when a strong acid combines with a strong base?

Answer 8

Neutral salt plus water.

Question 9

What kind of salt forms when a strong base combines with a weak acid? Vise Versa

Answer 9

Basic salt plus water.

Acid salt plus water.

Question 10

What is a buffer & how can you make one?

Answer 10

Buffers resist changes in the pH.

1. Add roughly equal moles of conjugate pair of weak acid & weak base.
2. Titration of 1/2 strong acid/base with weak acid/base.

Question 11

What occurs in respiratory acidosis

Answer 11

Retention of CO2, ph decreases

Question 12

What occurs in respiratory alkalosis

Answer 12

Loss of co2 , increase pH.

Question 13

What is metabolic acidosis

Answer 13

Loss of HCO3-, blood pH decrease

Question 14

What is metabolic alkalosis

Answer 14

Loss of h3o+ , blood pH increases