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Psychology > Social area: Bocchiaro > Flashcards

Social area: Bocchiaro Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ‘research paradigm’

A

A method of testing participants

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2
Q

Define ‘whistle blower’

A

Reporting wrong doing to higher authorities

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3
Q

Define ‘personality inventory’

A

Personality test

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4
Q

What did Bocchiaro predict in terms of levels of obedience compared to Milgram’s study?

A

That a higher percentage of participants will obey the experimenter because they substituted a softer psychological aggression than Milgram

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5
Q

Why did Bocchiaro predict that there will be a relatively lower level of whistle-blowing than disobedience?

A

Because it involved a potential direct confrontation of the defiant person and the authority

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6
Q

Why did Bocchiaro expect that people would give a substantial overestimation of the tendency to disobey and blow the whistle?

A

Because people are inclined to see themselves as better than others and they have difficulty taking into account the situational factors which may make someone obey

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7
Q

Why did Bocchiaro predict that personality variables are unlikely to effect whether someone obeyed/disobeyed/blew the whistle?

A

Due to the unusual and extreme situational factors, the power of individual factors will be reduced

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8
Q

What research method was used?

A

Lab experiment

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9
Q

Justify why Bocchiaro’s study was a lab experiment

A

Because there were very controlled conditions

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10
Q

What is a pilot study?

A

A small scale study done prior to the main research

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11
Q

How many pilot studies were carried out?

A

8

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12
Q

What was the purpose of the pilot studies?

A

To ensure that the procedure was credible and morally acceptable to the participants

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13
Q

Why were the pilot studies successful?

A

Because post experimental interviews revealed that participants had believed the cover story

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14
Q

How many people participated in the pilot studies?

A

92 students from VU university

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15
Q

Describe the sample used in the main study

A

149 undergraduate students from VU university of Amsterdam, 96F, 53M with a mean age of 20.8 years

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16
Q

How did Bocchiaro obtain the sample?

A

Posters in the cafeteria advertising the study with incentive of 7€ or course credit

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17
Q

What sampling method was used?

A

Self selecting

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18
Q

What is a strength of Bocchiaro’s sample?

A

Large sample size of both genders

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19
Q

What are 2 weaknesses of Bocchiaro’s sample?

A

Only students and can be considered ethnocentric

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20
Q

What is a strength of the way Bocchiaro obtained the sample?

A

People had volunteered and were therefore willing to take part

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21
Q

What are 2 weaknesses of the way that Bocchiaro obtained the sample?

A

It may have been a biased sample with demand characteristics as they knew they were taking part in a study

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22
Q

Who did P’s meet in room 1?

A

A Dutch experimenter who was formally dressed with a stern demeanour

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23
Q

What were P’s asked to provide in room 1?

A

Names of fellow students

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24
Q

What was the general gist of the cover story?

A

That they wanted to replicate the study from Rome whereby they looked into sensory depravation (which had negative effects on the P’s)

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25
Q

What did the experimenter ask P’s to do after reading the cover story?

A

To write a statement to convince the students that they had listed to take part in the study on sensory depravation

26
Q

How long did the experimenter leave room 1 for to provide reflection time for P’s?

A

3 mins

27
Q

What was in room 2?

A

A computer and a mailbox with a form for the research committee

28
Q

Which words were P’s required to use in their letter?

A

Exciting, incredible, great, superb (positive adjectives)

29
Q

What were P’s not supposed to mention in their letter?

A

The negative effects of sensory deprivation

30
Q

How long did the experimenter leave the room for P’s to write their statement?

A

7 minutes

31
Q

What was the research committee forms for?

A

For people to report the study as a bad idea and to report it for not being ethical

32
Q

After the 7 minutes was up, where did P’s go next?

A

Back to room 1

33
Q

What were the names of the 2 personality inventories given to P’s in room 1?

A

HEXACO-P-IR and Social value orientation (SVO)

34
Q

Why was SVO measured?

A

Because Bocchiaro’s paradigm created a dilemma in which self-interest clashed with collective interest

35
Q

What were P’s probed for back in room 1?

A

Suspiciousness

36
Q

What were P’s given by the experimenter back in room 1?

A

A full debrief by the experiment

37
Q

What were P’s asked not to do after they had completed the task?

A

Discuss the study

38
Q

What was the purpose of the form that P’s were given in room 1?

A

To give consent for data to be used

39
Q

What was the purpose of the email address that the students were given in room 1?

A

To contact in case they wanted to complain or ask any questions

40
Q

P’s responses were categorised into 3 categories, what were they?

A

Obedient, Disobedient and Whistle-blower

41
Q

What percentage of P’s were classified as obedient?

A

76.5% (114)

42
Q

What percentage of P’s were classified as disobedient?

A

14.1% (21)

43
Q

What percentage of P’s were classified as whistle-blowers (open and closed)?

A

Open - 3.4% (5)

Closed - 6% (9)

44
Q

How big was the sample for the comparison group?

A

138 students

45
Q

What was the purpose of the comparison group?

A

To compare what people say they would do/what the average person would do to what the participants actually did

46
Q

What percentage of people said they would obey?

A

3.6%

47
Q

What percentage was given for the average student to obey?

A

18.8%

48
Q

What percentage of people said they wouldn’t obey?

A

31.9%

49
Q

What percentage was given for the average student disobeying?

A

43.9%

50
Q

What percentage of people said they would whistle blow?

A

64.5%

51
Q

What percentage was given for the average student blowing the whistle?

A

37.3%

52
Q

What were the 6 dimensions of the HEXACO-PI-R?

A

Honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience

53
Q

What were the 3 orientations that could emerge from the SVO?

A

Competitive, pro social, individualistic

54
Q

From the results of the personality inventories, what was the only significance between whistleblowers and non-whistleblowers?

A

People who blew the whistle had more faith (belief in transcendent reality)

55
Q

Which ethical guidelines did Bocchiaro adhere to?

A

Debrief, Withdrawal, Consent

56
Q

Which ethical guidelines did Bocchiaro not follow?

A

Deception and Protection from harm

57
Q

What was the main conclusion from Bocchiaro’s study?

A

That behaving in a moral manner is challenging from people, even when this reaction appears to observers (the people in their comparison group) as the simplest path to follow

58
Q

Was the procedure standardised and replicable? (internal reliability)

A

Yes - same cover story, same tests and same instructions given

59
Q

Was the sample large enough to suggest a consistent effect? (external reliability)

A

Yes - 149 P’s

60
Q

Was it an accurate test of disobedience? Are there any other possible reasons for the behaviour seen? (internal validity)

A

Could be measuring support for the study (not necessarily obeying)

61
Q

Can the sample be generalised from? (population validity)

A

No - only students from Amsterdam

62
Q

Was the whistle-blowing scenario true to life?

A

Yes for students but not for the general public

Psychology (38 decks)

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