Criminal: Topic Five Flashcards

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1
Q

What is topic five?

A

Prevention of crime

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2
Q

What is the key research?

A

Wilson and Kelling

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3
Q

What did Wilson and Kelling look into?

A

The police and neighbourhood safety: broken windows

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4
Q

What did Newman look into?

A

Defensible space

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5
Q

What did Newman investigate?

A

How the physical design of housing can be used to reduce crime

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6
Q

What are the names of the 2 communities in NY that Newman compared?

A

Van Dyke and Brownsville

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7
Q

Describe the features of Van Dyke

A

Higher crime rates

High rise buildings

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8
Q

Describe the features of Brownsville

A

Lower crime rates

Low rise buildings with communal areas

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9
Q

Give the reasons why Brownsville had lower crime?

A

Because courtyards had greater surveillance and residents took more care of them, also, more children played outside with their parents watching which gave a bigger sense of community

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10
Q

What are the 4 factors in creating defensible space?

A

Zone of territorial influence, opportunity for surveillance, image and milieu

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11
Q

What did Bratton look create?

A

The zero tolerance policy in NY

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12
Q

How did Bratton try to reduce disorder in NY?

A

By sending 8-10 officers into the subway to arrest 10-20 faredodgers to show that ‘easy’ crimes were a new focus for the police

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13
Q

What did Bratton also do to help reduce crime in NY?

A

He took on 7000 extra officers who conducted sweeps and arrested people for minor offences

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14
Q

How much did crime fall by during the time of the 0 tolerance policy?

A

22%

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15
Q

What other factors may have contributed to the reduction in crime in NY? (Bratton)

A

The removal of lead in petrol and paint and other policies developed to reduce crime in the USA

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16
Q

What did Brown look into?

A

CCTV in town centres

17
Q

What did Brown collect statistics of?

A

Crime before and after the introduction if CCTV

18
Q

Which places did Brown collect statistics from?

A

Birmingham, Newcastle and Kings Lynn

19
Q

What did Brown find from the statistics?

A

That burglaries had been reduced by 56% and CD by 34% in Newcastle

20
Q

What did Burrows say which contrasts Brown’s findings?

A

That CCTV simply displaces crime to another place where there is no CCTV

21
Q

What evidence is there that CCTV only displaces crime?

A

That in the underground crime fell by 38% but in the surrounding area only by 25% suggesting that the crime had merely been displaced

22
Q

What did Ernest-Jones look into?

A

The effect of eyes on a poster

23
Q

What type of behaviour were Ernest-Jones’ posters trying to prevent?

A

Littering in a uni cafeteria

24
Q

What did the research by Ernest-Jones find?

A

A 50% reduction in littering in the presence of a poster featuring eyes, as compared to flowers