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Psychology > Environmental: Topic Six > Flashcards

Environmental: Topic Six Flashcards

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1
Q

What is topic six about?

A

Territory and personal space

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2
Q

What did Wells look into?

A

Office clutter or meaningful personal displays: the role of office personalisation in employee and organisational well-being

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3
Q

What were Wells’ research questions?

A

Do men and women personalise their workspace differently? Is personalisation more important to women’s well being than men’s? Is a companies personalisations policy associates with organisational well-being?

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4
Q

Describe the sample used in Well’s study?

A

20 companies in Orange County, CA, all small businesses with at least 15 employees

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5
Q

How many surveys were given out and how many were returned?

A

661 given out, 338 returned

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6
Q

How many P’s took part in the follow up case study?

A

15 women and 8 men from 5 of the companies

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7
Q

How many sections was the survey made up of?

A

7

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8
Q

What were the 7 sections of the survey?

A

Workspace personalisation, satisfaction with physical work environment, job satisfaction, well-being, employee perceptions of organisational well being, personality traits, personal demographic info

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9
Q

Describe what the case studies were like

A

Tape recorded, structured interviews based on open ended questions and lasted 10-15 mins with a follow up examination of workspace

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10
Q

What was Wells’ first result found?

A

That men and women personalise differently

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11
Q

What was the difference between men and women and the number of objects that they had in their workspace?

A

11.12 vs 7.68

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12
Q

What did women tend to display in contrast to men?

A

Women displayed symbols of family/friends as well as plants whereas men displayed symbols of achievement or sports

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13
Q

What were the difference in aims between men and women when personalising their desks?

A

Women wanted to express identity whereas men wanted to show status

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14
Q

What was personalisation associated with (Wells’ 2nd result)?

A

With job satisfaction which associates with employee well being

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15
Q

What did the survey data show in terms of personalisation being important to the genders and what did interviews show about this? (Wells’ 3rd result)

A

Survey showed personalisation was not significantly more important to women than men however interviews suggested it was

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16
Q

Give some qualitative data which suggest that personalisation was important to women

A

‘Seeing my kids is a stress reliever’

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17
Q

What did companies with more lenient personalisation policies report?

A

They reported a more positive organisational climate, greater morale and reduced staff turnover

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18
Q

From Wells’ results, can a companies personalisation policy be associated with organisational well being?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What did Smith look into?

A

Territorial behaviour on beaches

20
Q

What was Smith’s research?

A

A field observation on different nationalities and how they compete for beach space

21
Q

Where did Smith conduct his observations?

A

On US, German and French beaches

22
Q

How did Smith gather information?

A

Interviews were conducted with people on the beach and size, depth and width of occupied space was recorded

23
Q

What did researchers ask in the interviews (Smith)?

A

They asked about nationality and how long they would be there for

24
Q

People from where made the largest territorial claims and also used sand castles/reserved signs?

A

People from West Germany

25
Q

Which nationality could not grasp the concept of territoriality?

A

French

26
Q

What did Hall look into?

A

Zones of personal space

27
Q

What did Hall propose?

A

4 personal space zones (based on white middle-class americans)

28
Q

Describe the intimate distance

A

0-1.5ft for intimate contact (e.g. making love and physical sports)

29
Q

Describe the personal distance

A

1.5-4ft for contact between close friends as well as everyday interactions

30
Q

Describe the social distance

A

4-12ft for interpersonal and business-like contact

31
Q

Describe the public distance

A

More than 12ft for formal contact between individuals e.g. actors/politicians

32
Q

What did Middlemist look into?

A

Personal space invasions in urinals

33
Q

Through what research method did Middlemist conduct his study?

A

A field experiment in the mens toilets at US university

34
Q

What was Middlemist testing?

A

A physiological reaction to personal space invasions

35
Q

What did experimenters do to conduct the research? (Middlemist)

A

They set up a hidden periscope and stayed there to time the length of delay of onset and duration of urination with a stopwatch

36
Q

What were the 3 conditions (Middlemist)?

A

P not approached
Confederate used urinal once removed
Confederate stood next to P

37
Q

What were the results for the close distance?

A

Bigger delay and smaller persistence

38
Q

What were the results for moderate distance?

A

Smaller delay and longer persistence

39
Q

What were the results for the control?

A

Smallest delay and longest persistence

40
Q

What did Sommer and Ross look into?

A

Seating arrangements

41
Q

Why did S and R visit a newly decorated hospital ward in Canada?

A

To see why it was having an isolating and depressing effect on the patients

42
Q

Describe the way the chairs were laid out and what this meant?

A

They were lined up against walls which meant people could only sit in rows and contact was difficult

43
Q

By changing the seating arrangements into _________, patients interacted

A

Smaller circular groups

44
Q

What is sociopetal?

A

Circular seating

45
Q

What is sociofungal?

A

Seating rows

Psychology (38 decks)

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