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Psychology > Environmental: Topic One > Flashcards

Environmental: Topic One Flashcards

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1
Q

What is topic one?

A

Stressors in the environment

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2
Q

What is the name of the key research for topic one?

A

Black and Black

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3
Q

What did Black and Black research?

A

Aircraft noise exposure and residents’ stress and hypertension

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4
Q

What was the first core question that Black and Black were aiming to find?

A

Is health related quality of life worse in a community chronically exposed to aircraft noise than in a community not exposed?

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5
Q

What was the second core question that Black and Black were aiming to find?

A

Is long term aircraft noise exposure associated with elevated blood pressure in adults via noise stress as a mediating factor?

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6
Q

How many aircraft noise events were there in area one and what was their volume?

A

50 events of over 70 decibels

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7
Q

How far away was area 2 from the airport?

A

55km

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8
Q

Which airport was being studied?

A

Sydney airport

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9
Q

What town were area 2 living in?

A

South Penrith

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10
Q

How many aircraft noise events were experienced in area 2?

A

None

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11
Q

How were the areas matched?

A

On socio-economic indices

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12
Q

How many questionnaires were sent out?

A

1500

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13
Q

How many responses were received?

A

796 responses received

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14
Q

How many responses were fully completed?

A

704

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15
Q

What was the age range of the people who responded?

A

15-87

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16
Q

What were participants sent in order to complete?

A

Questionnaires made up of several sections

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17
Q

What was the first section of questions in the questionnaire?

A

Health measured in relation to physical functioning, general health, vitality and mental health questions

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18
Q

What were the health related questions based on?

A

SF-36

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19
Q

What was the second section of questions in the questionnaire?

A

Hypertension assessed through a series of closed questions in relation to medical history (cholesterol and high bp)

20
Q

What was the third section of the questions in the questionnaire?

A

Annoyance measured by P’s identifying noise sources at home and to rate them 0-10 on how annoying they find them

21
Q

What was the fourth section of the questions in the questionnaire?

A

Factors that could effect researchers ability to assess relationship between aircraft noise and health (e.g. employment, exercise)

22
Q

What was the mean noise annoyance score for the noise affected area in comparison to the control group?

A

6.27 compared to 1.03

23
Q

What was the mean score for general health, vitality and mental health for the exposed group in comparison to the control group?

A

It was significantly lower for the exposed group

24
Q

Was long term aircraft noise significantly associated with chronic noise stress and how is this supported?

A

Yes, the exposed group had odds of 2.6 of having chronic noise stress

25
Q

Was chronic stress significantly associated with hypertension and how is this supported?

A

Yes, P’s with chronic noise stress had odds of 2.74 of having hypertension

26
Q

What did Glass and Singer look into?

A

Reasons why noise is stressful

27
Q

What 3 aspects of sound were manipulated by G and S?

A

Volume, Predictability or Perceived control

28
Q

P’s were given tasks to complete whilst what was going on?

A

While 25 minute recordings were playing

29
Q

How were the 3 aspects varied?

A

Volume - 56 or 108dB
Predictability - 9 second regular intervals or irregular intervals
Perceived control - being able to flip a switch

30
Q

What were the two tasks?

A

SPAG and a maths task

31
Q

What did G and S find from their study?

A

Perceived control and predictability had the biggest effect on performance

32
Q

What did Kenrick and MacFarlane look into?

A

How temperature affects stress

33
Q

What in particular did K and M investigate in terms of temperature?

A

They investigated how drivers responded to a stationary car in front of them in varying temperatures

34
Q

Where did the K and M’s study take place?

A

Arizona

35
Q

Describe the sample used in K and M’s study

A

36M and 39F with an age range of 16-65

36
Q

Describe the situation which K and M staged

A

Actor pulled up to traffic light and remained to sit at the green light for the duration of the light being green

37
Q

How long was the light green for?

A

12 seconds

38
Q

In what temperature conditions did K and M conduct their research?

A

88F - 116F (31-46C)

39
Q

At what time of week and what time of day did K and M conduct their research?

A

15 consecutive Saturday’s (11am - 3pm)

40
Q

What did K and M find in terms of how long P’s beeped their horns for?

A

At temperatures over 100F, 34% of P’s honked their horns for over half the time, no P’s did this under 90F

41
Q

What did Lundberg look into?

A

Overcrowding on commuter trains

42
Q

What did Lundberg do to measure stress levels on an overcrowded train?

A

He took urine samples from men on a 72 minute train journey

43
Q

On average, who had higher levels of adrenaline?

A

Men on a busier train had higher levels of adrenaline than men on a quieter

44
Q

What else did Lundberg find in terms of the timing of boarding the train?

A

He found that people who boarded the train early on had less adrenaline as they had more control over where they sat and who with

45
Q

What theory did Ellis produce?

A

Rational Emotive Therapy

46
Q

What is Rational Emotive Therapy?

A

A form of psychotherapy to help patients manage self defeating beliefs and develop more rational thoughts

47
Q

What is the Rational Emotive Therapy from A - E?

A 
A - Activating event (stressor)
B - Beliefs (about stressor)
C - Consequences (actions to avoid)
D - Disputing (questioning the irrational beliefs)
E - Effects (restructured thoughts)

Psychology (38 decks)

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