Environmental: Topic Five Flashcards

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1
Q

What is topic five?

A

Psychological effects of the build environment

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2
Q

What did Ulrich research?

A

Whether the view through a window may influence recovery from surgery

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3
Q

What was Ulrich’s aim?

A

To find out if the view from a hospital window would affect a patients recovery

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4
Q

Describe the sample used in Ulrich’s research

A

46 patients, all of whom had undergone gall bladder surgery, aged 20-69 with no complications

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5
Q

Where was the hospital?

A

Suburban pennsylvania

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6
Q

Describe the composition of Ulrich’s sample

A

23 matched pairs (15 female and 8 male)

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7
Q

From when and where were the records obtained from?

A

From 1972 and 1981 with assigned rooms on the 2nd and 3rd floor

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8
Q

Describe the hospital rooms

A

All rooms were double occupancy and nearly identical with the only difference being the view from the window

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9
Q

When in the year had the patients undergone the cholecystectomy?

A

Between 1st May and 20th September

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10
Q

Under what criteria were the p’s matched?

A

Sex, Age (within 5 years), smoker/non-smoker, weight, nature of hospitalisation, year of surgery and colour of room

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11
Q

Who gathered the information from the records?

A

Nurses

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12
Q

What information was gathered from the records?

A

Length of hospitalisation, number and strength of analgesics each day, number and strength of dosage, minor complications and nurses notes

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13
Q

How did the length of hospitalisation differ from wall view patients to tree view patients?

A

Tree view spent significantly less time in hospital (7.96 days vs 8.7 days)

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14
Q

How did intake of analgesics differ from the patients?

A

Tree view took significantly less than wall view

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15
Q

Describe the results in terms of positive and negative nurse notes for both patients

A

3.96 negative notes vs 1.13 negative notes

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16
Q

In what aspect was there no significant difference between the groups of patients?

A

No significance between consumption of anti anxiety drugs or minor post operative complications

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17
Q

What did Cohen look into?

A

Noise

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18
Q

What did Cohen aim to investigate?

A

The effects of noise on reading ability

19
Q

Describe the sample used by Cohen

A

54 children (2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th grade)

20
Q

Outline the differing sound conditions on the different apartment floors

A

55dBs on 32nd floor

66dBs on 8th floor

21
Q

Where were the apartment blocks in Cohen’s study?

A

New York

22
Q

What did Cohen correlate the noise level readings with?

A

MAT results (metropolitan achievement tests)

23
Q

What did Cohen test?

A

Auditory discrimination

24
Q

Which words did Cohen test for auditory discrimination?

A

Gear and beer

25
Q

For how many children who had lived in the apartments for more than 4 years what was the correlation found?

A

There was a significant correlation between floor level and auditory discrimination

26
Q

What other significant correlations were found in Cohen’s study?

A

Word knowledge, reading comprehension and reading total

27
Q

What did White look into?

A

Green spaces

28
Q

From how many people and when did White collect information?

A

From 10,000 people between 1991-2008

29
Q

What did White ask P’s about?

A

Mental health, living condition, location and many more variables

30
Q

What did White find?

A

That those living in greener areas reported less mental distress and higher life satisfaction

31
Q

What do White’s findings mean?

A

That our well being can be affected by the type of area we live in

32
Q

Newman and Pruitt Igoe demonstrates the idea of what?

A

Defensible space

33
Q

When and where was the Pruitt Igoe project built?

A

St Louis, Missouri in 1954

34
Q

How many people was the Pruitt Igoe supposed to house and what was it’s aim?

A

12,000 people with an aim to provide space and security

35
Q

What did the Pruitt Igoe have that made it more safe?

A

It supposedly had many features that made it immune to crime

36
Q

When was the Pruitt Igoe demolished?

A

1972

37
Q

Why was the Pruitt Igoe demolished?

A

Because it had failed

38
Q

Which areas became ‘havens for crime’ and why?

A

The communal areas because the residents did not feel like they owned the space and therefore they became littered and damaged

39
Q

Describe the idea of ‘defensible space’

A

That we take care of and defend space which we feel like we have ownership of

40
Q

What did Armitage look into?

A

Cul-de-sacs and footpaths

41
Q

What was Armitage’s research question?

A

Does road layout have an impact on crime and therefore residents well being

42
Q

People living on what type of road experience less crime and why?

A

Cul-de-sacs experience less crime as it isn’t as easy for burglars to get away

43
Q

What must cul-de-sacs not have to ensure safety?

A

‘Leaky’ footpaths

44
Q

Under what circumstances are footpaths okay to be included?

A

If they are short, direct, wide, overlooked, well lit and not running alongside properties