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Psychology > Individual differences area: Freud > Flashcards

Individual differences area: Freud Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of development was Freud researching and providing theories for?

A

Psychosexual development

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2
Q

What was the research aims?

A

To document the case of little Hans who was going through the phallic stage of development

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3
Q

What research methods did Freud use?

A

Case study, self report, longitudinal

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4
Q

How long was little Hans studied for?

A

3 years

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5
Q

Freuds study can be seen as action research, what is action research?

A

Research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving, so research is done as an event happens

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6
Q

Describe the sample used

A

Little Hans, a 5 year old boy living in Vienna

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7
Q

What sampling method did Freud use?

A

Freud was friends with Hans’ parents and had heard about his fears and dreams so wanted to help him to ‘treat’ Hans

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8
Q

Why is Freud’s sample biased?

A

Because Hans’ parents were big fans of Freud’s work and theories and therefore it is likely that the information they sent Freud was not true to life

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9
Q

How did Freud gather information on Hans?

A

His father noted conversations, fears and dreams that Hans had and sent these to Freud for analysis so that Freud could direct him on how to respond

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10
Q

Hans had a phobia of what animal biting him?

A

Horses

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11
Q

What was Freud’s interpretation of Hans’ fear of being bitten by horses?

A

Hans was fearful that his ‘widdler’ would be cut off due to his mum saying that the doctor would cut it off if he didn’t stop touching it

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12
Q

What is an alternative explanation for Hans’ fear of being bitten by horses?

A

Learnt to avoid horses as he overheard someone say ‘don’t put your finger to the white horse or it’ll bite you’

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13
Q

What in particular made Hans fearful of horses?

A

When they were wearing blinkers and had a black bit in their mouth

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14
Q

What was Freud’s interpretation of Hans’ fear of horses with blinkers and black bits in their mouth?

A

The horse represents Hans’ dad who wore glasses and had a black moustache

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15
Q

What type of vehicles did Hans have a fear of falling over?

A

Carts, furniture vans and buses

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16
Q

What was Freud’s interpretation of Hans’ fear of carts falling over?

A

Hans’ father had asked him if the fallen horse reminded him of his father and he said yes because he has a desire for his father to die so that he can have his mother all to himself

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17
Q

What is an alternative explanation for Hans’ fear of carts falling over?

A

He had seen a bus-horse fall down and kick with its feet while out with his mother which may have been a scary experience for a young boy

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18
Q

Hans was pre-occupied by lumf (faeces), what showed this?

A

He followed his mum and Berta to the toilet

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19
Q

How did Freud explain Hans’ fear of defecation?

A

He believed this linked to concerns about a heavily loaded stomach (pregnancy) and the potential competition for his mother’s affections

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20
Q

What is an alternative explanation for Han’s fear of faeces?

A

Because he had troubles being constipated until food intake was reduced under medical guidance

21
Q

While Hans’ mother was powdering him after a bath, what did Hans ask her about his penis?

A

He asked her why she doesn’t put her finger there and she told him that it wasn’t proper

22
Q

How did Freud explain Hans asking his mother about touching his penis?

A

That this showed Hans’ desire for his mother and this was a seduction attempt

23
Q

Describe the giraffe fantasy that Hans had

A

That there was a giraffe with a long neck in the room and a crumpled giraffe, the big giraffe called out when Hans took the crumpled one away and then he sat on the crumpled one

24
Q

What was Freud’s interpretation of Hans’ giraffe fantasy?

A

The big giraffe represented his dad (the long neck reflected his penis) and the small one his mother. This was showing his desire for his mum by coming into their room

25
Q

What is an alternative explanation for Hans’ giraffe fantasy?

A

That he had recently visited Shonbrunn zoo 5 days prior to this so could be due to remembering the animals that he had seen

26
Q

Describe Hans’ imaginary friend fantasy

A

Hans was the children’s daddy, his mum was their mummy and his dad was their granddaddy

27
Q

What was Freud’s interpretation of Hans’ imaginary friend fantasy?

A

Suggests a satisfactory conclusion to the Oediupus complex which allowed for a happy situation with his mum but without having to get rid of his father

28
Q

What is an alternative explanation for Hans’ imaginary friend fantasy?

A

Young children have imaginary friends as part of their normal development

29
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

Where a young boy will have a desire for his parent of the opposite sex and will wish to exclude the parent of the same sex

30
Q

What type of data did Freud collect?

A

Qualitative

31
Q

What did Freud conclude from his study on little Hans?

A

Freud concluded nothing and claimed he had learnt nothing new from the study of Little Hans that he didn’t already know from other studies

32
Q

What is one advantage of Freud’s sample?

A

It allowed him to gain a lot of detailed data and allowed for follow up questions

33
Q

What is one disadvantage of Freud’s sample?

A

Hans’ behaviour may be unique to him and we can’t generalise him to all boys nor can we know what girls of this age experience

34
Q

Why might Freud have chosen Hans specifically for his study?

A

Because Hans fitted his theories best

35
Q

Information about Hans was gained through self report, what is one advantage of this?

A

It provides first hand data and allows for follow up questions

36
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of Freud using self report?

A

The use of leading questions will lead a child to give the answer that the adult wants, limited vocab in children, may be difficult to recall dreams

37
Q

What are 2 advantages of Freud using qualitative data?

A

Lots of insight, allowed you to gather real feelings and ideas of P

38
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of collecting qualitative data?

A

Can be difficult to analyse and researchers can misinterpret words/behaviours described to fit their expectations

39
Q

How did Freud uphold confidentiality?

A

‘Little Hans’ was not a real name

40
Q

How did Freud uphold consent?

A

He had consent from Hans’ parents

41
Q

How did Freud uphold deception?

A

Hans knew of Freud’s analysis

42
Q

How did Freud uphold protection from harm?

A

He would say he cured Little Hans

43
Q

How could it be argued that Freud broke the guideline of protection from harm?

A

Possibly some distress to Hans by the questions asked

44
Q

How could it be argued that Freud’s study is ethnocentric?

A

Because he only analysed a white middle class child in Vienna

45
Q

Was the sample large enough to check for consistency?

A

No, only one child was analysed so we cannot be certain that all children would go through these anxieties or the psychosexual stages of development

46
Q

Was Freud correct in his interpretation of little Hans’ phobias and fantasies?

A

No, bias in his explanations as there were far more obvious explanations that have more face validity

47
Q

Could the way in which the questions were asked have affected what little Hans said?

A

Yes, leading questions were used which would affect little Hans’ answers as children are very impressionable

48
Q

Did the study have population validity?

A

No, only one male child so therefore cannot generalise to girls and Hans may have been cherry picked

Psychology (38 decks)

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