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Psychology > Criminal: Topic One > Flashcards

Criminal: Topic One Flashcards

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1
Q

What is topic one?

A

What makes a criminal?

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2
Q

What is the name of the key research for topic 1?

A

Raine - Brain abnormalities in murderers indicated by PET

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3
Q

Describe the sample used in Raine’s study

A

41 murderers (39m, 2f) all pleading NGRI

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4
Q

Name one of the varying conditions that the murderers suffered from

A

Schizophrenia

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5
Q

Who were the murderers matched with?

A

41 non murderers

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6
Q

What research method and experimental design did Raine use?

A

Quasi with matched pairs

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7
Q

What was each P injected with?

A

A glucose tracer

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8
Q

What did each P have to complete? (Key research)

A

CPT (cognitive performance task)

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9
Q

How long did each P have to complete CPT for?

A

32 mins

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10
Q

What were P’s given whilst completing the task?

A

A PET scan

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11
Q

In what areas did the murderers have less activity in?

A

The prefrontal cortex, the amygdala and the corpus callosum

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12
Q

What does low activity in the prefrontal cortex lead to?

A

Impulsive behaviours and lack of self control

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13
Q

What does low activity in the amygdala lead to?

A

Lack of fear

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14
Q

What does low activity in the corpus callosum lead to?

A

Not understanding long term consequences

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15
Q

What did Raine conclude from his study into murderers?

A

You cannot use the results or brain scans to determine whether someone will become a murderer

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16
Q

What did Brunner research/look into?

A

MAOA and serotonin

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17
Q

What does serotonin control?

A

Appetite and mood (incl. anger and depression)

18
Q

What can high levels of serotonin lead to?

A

Aggressive behaviour

19
Q

Who did Brunner investigate?

A

A family in the Netherlands with an abnormally large amount of violent and aggressive males

20
Q

What did Brunner analyse form 5 of the aggressive males?

A

Urine samples

21
Q

What did Brunner find from the urine samples?

A

They all had a genetic mutation that reduced MAOA in their body

22
Q

What is MAOA?

A

An enzyme which absorbs serotonin

23
Q

Due to the reduced MAOA what did this mean?

A

That there was too much serotonin left in the blood

24
Q

What did Jahoda look into?

A

Self fulfilling prophecy

25
Q

What do the tribe in Ghana (the ‘Ashanti’) believe?

A

That the day you are born on can affect your personality

26
Q

What do the Ashanti give children when they are born?

A

A soul name based on the day they were born on

27
Q

Boys born on a Wednesday (Kwaku) are thought to be what?

A

Violent and aggressive

28
Q

Boys born on a Monday (Kwadwo) are thought to be what?

A

Placid and relaxed

29
Q

What did Jahoda examine?

A

The names of criminals who had committed violent offences

30
Q

What percentage of crimes are accounted for by Kwadwo (monday) boys?

A

6.9%

31
Q

What percentage of crimes are accounted for by Kwaku (wednesday) boys?

A

22%

32
Q

Who did Raine identify in his Mauritius study?

A

100 children who had low resting heart rates and compared to a matched control group

33
Q

What did the 100 children receive? (Mauritius study)

A

A 3 part intervention programme of enrichment

34
Q

Those who were particularly nourished before the intervention showed an x% reduction in conduct disorder… (Mauritius study)

A

52.6%

35
Q

A further 100 children were selected to conduct a trial with what? (Mauritius study)

A

Omega 3

36
Q

For 6 months what did the further 100 children drink? (Mauritius study)

A

Smart fish

37
Q

Compared to a control group what did the parents of the omega 3 trial children report?(Mauritius study)

A

A significant reduction in aggression and delinquency

38
Q

There has been shown to be a link between foetal testosterone levels and what?

A

Finger length

39
Q

There also appears to be a link between finger length and characteristics such as…?

A

Aggression and lack of empath y

40
Q

What activity can lead to high foetal levels of testosterone?

A

Smoking during pregnancy

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