Biological area: Casey Flashcards
What task were the 4 year olds given?
The marshmallow task
What were the 4 year olds told when taken into the room with the marshmallow?
That they could eat it now or wait until the experimenter returned and have another one
Who tested the 4 year olds?
Mischel
Define delay of gratification
The ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward and wait for a later reward
What is a cool stimulus?
Cues that we find neutral. They are not particularly appealing (e.g. shapes)
What is a hot stimulus?
Cues that are tempting and appealing to us (e.g. cookies)
What is a cooling strategy?
Focussing on the cool cues to reduce temptation (e.g.envisaging the marshmallow as a ball of cotton wool)
What was Casey’s first aim?
To see if low delayers on marshmallow test at age 4 years still struggled with resisting temptation in adulthood
What was Casey’s second aim?
To examine activity in areas of the brain thought to be associated with the ability to resist temptation
What was the sample size of the original 4 year old children for the Marshmallow task?
562
What was the sample size of young adults in their 20s on the self-control scales?
155
What was the sample size of adults in their 30s on the self control scales?
135
Of those who took part in their 30s, Casey wanted consistently high delayers and consistently low delayers, how many p’s were contacted by Casey?
117 of the 135
How many people were in the final sample for experiment 1 and what composition of high and low delayers were they?
59 in total
27 low delayers and 32 high delayers
What task was used in experiment 1?
A Go/No-Go task
What are Go/No-Go tasks used to measure?
People’s response control
What does a Go/No-Go task require someone to do?
To do something when they see a certain stimuli (e.g. press a button when you see a yellow circle) and to not do something when they see a different stimuli (e.g. not press the button when you see a red square)
What was classed as an error in the Go/No-Go task?
‘Go’ on a ‘No-Go’ stimulus
What were the names of the two tasks that made up the Go/No-Go task of experiment 1?
The cool task and the hot task
What acted as cool stimuli in the Go/No-Go task?
Neutral male and female faces
What were the ‘Go’ and ‘No-Go’ stimuli in the cool task for experiment one?
In some trials the male face was the ‘Go’ stimuli and in other trials the female face was the ‘Go’ stimuli
How many ‘Go’ trials were there for the cool task?
120
How many ‘No-Go’ trials were there for the cool task?
40
What acted as hot stimuli in the Go/No-Go task?
Happy faces
Why were happy faces used in the hot task for Go/No-Go?
As they would be more alluring or tempting to the adults
What were the ‘Go’ and No-Go’ stimuli in the hot task of experiment one?
In some trials the happy face was the ‘Go’ stimuli and in other trials the fearful face was the ‘Go’ stimuli
How many ‘Go’ trials were there for the hot task?
120
How many ‘No-Go’ trials were there for the hot task?
40
What did P’s have to do in the Cool task, Male Go/Female No-Go?
Had to press the button when the male face appeared
What did P’s have to do in the Cool task, Female Go/Male No-Go?
They had to press the button when the female face appeared
What did P’s have to do in the Hot task, Happy Go/Fearful No-Go?
Had to press the button when the happy face appeared
What did P’s have to do in the Hot task, Fearful Go/Happy No-Go?
Had to press the button when the fearful face appeared