Issues in mental health: Topic Three Flashcards
What is topic 3?
Alternatives to the medical model
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through the association of a stimulus which causes an emotional response to what would typically cause a neutral response
What did Watson and Raynor do?
They induced a fear of white rats and fluffy animals by associating them with loud noises (something that Albert was initially scared of)
How might classical conditioning provide an explanation for phobias?
As the emotional response of fear/anxiety can become associated with a typically neutral stimulus
How might social learning theory provide an explanation for phobias?
If a child sees a significant adult with a phobia then they might replicate this behaviour
What did Aaron Beck suggest?
That there are 3 main dysfunctional beliefs in people with depression which form a cognitive triad
What are the 3 dysfunctional beliefs from the negative cognitive triad?
‘I am worthless of flawed’, ‘Everything I do results in failure’ and ‘the future is hopeless’
What did Beck suggest that a person does when they become depressed?
They would seek out information to confirm their negative beliefs
Over generalisation is a cognitive distortion, what is this?
Where one unfortunate event is seen as part of a never ending struggle and the cognition is ‘everything always goes wrong for me’
What did Ellie propose that irrational thoughts could cause?
They could cause and sustain mental disorders
What are the 3 faulty cognitions that Ellis summarised?
1) I must be outstandingly competent or I am worthless
2) Others must treat me considerately or they are absolutely rotten
3) The world should always give me happiness or I will die
What are Ellis’ faulty cognitions likely to cause someone to feel?
These highly unrealistic expectations are likely to cause someone to feel like a failure and could possibly lead to depression
When was the humanistic approach developed and what does it consider?
Developed in the 1960s and considers the uniqueness of humans
According to the humanistic approach what does each person have the ability to do?
To be mentally healthy
According to the humanistic approach how can a person fulfil their potential?
Through psychological growth with the aim of self actualisation