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What is Flow Path?
The movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area towards the lower pressure areas accessible via doors, window openings and roof structures. Based on varying building design and available ventilation openings (doors, window, etc.) there may be several flow paths within a structure.
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What is the Heat Release Rate?
The rate at which energy is generated by the burning of the fuel and oxygen mixture.
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What is a Ventilation Limited Fire?
A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are regulated by the available oxygen within the space.
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What is a Ventilation Profile
The appearance of the fire building’s ventilation points showing the flow paths of heat and smoke out of the structure as well as any air movement into the structure.
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__________ have a higher heat release rate giving off heat more quickly than ordinary combustibles, leading to a more rapid and sudden change in the fire environment.
Synthetic Materials
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Conditions can change rapidly in in fires involving modern synthetic contents. After entry (ventilation) they can change in as little as?
1 1/2 minutes after entry.
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T or F. Today’s fire conditions lower the survival threshold of civilians.
True.
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When does size-up start?
With receipt of alarm.
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Who does the Outside Team report wind conditions and its affect on the fire and smoke ?
Their officer and the IC.
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In retail establishments, where shall particular attention be focused on for search?
The rear and the main selling area.
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Can an Engine company become involved in search and rescue without simultaneously stretching and positioning a hoseline?
Only in Extreme cases.
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Can a primary search be done prior to the application of water?
Yes
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What are the 1st arriving ladder company’s priorities?
- Locate the fire area
- Control the door to the apt or area and any other ventilation pts.
- Communicate fire location to Engine Officer and IC.
- Determine if conditions are tenable to support life.
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If conditions are tenable to support life how do we search?
If conditions are untenable how do we search?
Tenable - search can be conducted w/out hoseline, members may attempt to locate and contain the fire area of origin and then start the search for life from this point.
Untenable - move in behind the Engine company and search from behind the hoseline.
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When should the search for life in the floor above and adjacent areas start?
Immediately upon entering
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Where are secondary searches done?
The fire area AND the entire outside perimeter of building and all shafts, basements, cellars, elevators, ROOFS, etc.
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Company officers must notify the officers when searches have been completed. Do they have to notify him when searches have not been completed?
Yes
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The interior team search is monitored by immediate supervision in what two ways?
Via verbal communication and the TIC. (The exterior team is monitored by functional supervision via ht)
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What is the method for searching in the fire apartment?
First locate, contain, and isolate the fire and then begin the search for life from this point. Use a left or right hand search probing towards the center for victims.
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What is the method for searching in areas adjacent to or above the fire area?
Start searching immediately upon entering using a left or right handed search.
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When should the search rope method be used?
In commercial occupancies or when deemed necessary by the unit Officer.
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If fire is wrapping around the door jamb as the door is being forced open, what must we need before opening the door?
A charged hoseline in place at the door. The Company Officer shall contact the exterior team if size-up has not been communicated.
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If unable to enter due to severe fire conditions, what should be done?
Probe the area in the vicinity of the door with a hand or tool before closing the door.
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Is the opening of the apartment door a ventilation point for flowpath?
Yes
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The determining factor in whether the door will remain open or closed is what?
Whether the engine has a charged hoseline ready to advance into the fire. If they have a charged hoseline the door will remain open.
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If there is no charged hoseline at the door to the fire area, the door should be closed after entering. Before entering the Lad Off shall communicate what to whom?
The identity of the fire apt to the IC and Eng Off.
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One member will maintain control of the door from the interior by throwing the lock or with a large sure search door marker. what tool will be left outside to indicate the fire apt?
Hydra-ram
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If members are forced to evacuate, who accounts for the interior team and closes the door after all members have exited?
The Ladder Company FF maintaining control of the door. The Lad Off will notify the IC and Eng Off of the decision to close the door.
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When the Eng reaches the fire apt with a charged hoseline, the Eng Off must notify the Ladder Officer they are ready to enter. The door should not be opened until?
The Lad Officer acknowledges and approves.
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When the fire area has been determined, how should it be confined?
Close door to fire apt or door to fire room.
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When entry is to be made from a window, what must be done?
- Notify Officer
- Before entering probe for possible victims
- Clear out ENTIRE window
- Immediately upon entering sweep floor of hallway outside room door for victims and then close it.
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When unable to enter a window because of severe conditions, what should be done?
Probe the floor area immediately inside the window with your hand or tool.
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Prior to proceeding above the fire, notification must be made to whom?
The officers on the fire floor. Acknowledgement of this message must be received before proceeding above.
Search What must be done once determined that access to the floor above can be safely attained?
Get up and off the stairs immediately.
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What are the means of access to the floor above?
Interior Stairs
Fire Escapes
Ladders ( portable, aerial, or tower)
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What is the indicator used to govern how far members will continue to advance on the floor above the fire?
The progress of the hose lines on the fire floor.
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T or F. If there is any indication of a delay in putting water on an uncontrolled fire, all members operating above the fire should seek refuge an adjoining apartment or the fire floor.
False. Seek refuge on the fire floor or the floor below. They may resume searching once water problem is resolved.
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Searching for fire extension is not a valid reason to remain above an uncontrolled fire.
True
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TICS must be carried by Ladder Company Officers at all responses. T or F
False. At all STRUCTURAL responses.
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How should beds and couches be swept when searching? Closets?
Beds and couches should be swept from front to back. Ensure all interior walls are touched when searching the closet floor.
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When searching under a bed , what do we probe with?
An arm, a tool, or insert a leg under it and gently sweep back and forth.
PS Try to avoid moving furniture as it might hide a victim or block a doorway.
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Note- rescue the most seriously exposed victim first.
Note
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What is the preferential order for removal of victims?
Acro - I Have Five Little Rats Interior Stairs Horizontal exits Fire escape Ladders Rope (LSR)
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What does a member communicate when he finds a 10-45?
10-45, location of victim, and if assistance is needed
PS. Always remove victim via the safest route and whenever a member removes a non- ambulatory victim they must be removed to a non-IDLH area.
