schizophrenia -diagnosis and classification Flashcards
is there a single defining characteristic of schizophrenia?
.no
how does classification differ?
.it differs depending on the classification system used
what are the 2 classification systems?
.DSM-5
.ICD-11
what is DSM-5?
.requires at least one positive symptom
what is ICD-11?
.requires just 2 negative symptoms present
what are the 2 types of symptom?
.positive
.negative
what is a positive symptom?
.additional experiences beyond ordinary existence
what are the examples of positive symptoms?
.hallucinations -extra sensory/distorted experiences
.delusions -beliefs with no basis in reality
what are negative symptoms?
.loss of usual abilities and experiences
what are the examples of negative symptoms?
.avolition -severe loss of motivation
.speech poverty - reduced amount, speed and quality of speech
what is meant by reliability in diagnosis and classification?
.consistency -same diagnosis every time
what is meant by validity in diagnosis and classification?
.correct or accurate diagnosis
why can reliability and validity be hard to achieve in diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia
.comorbidity
.symptom overlap
.use of different classification systems
what is a strength to diagnosis and classification of sz?
.good reliability -improving with newer editions of the classification systems eg: 180 patients diagnosed using DSM-V -0.97 inter-rater reliability and 0.92 test-retest reliability (osorio et al)
what are the negatives to the diagnosis and classification of SZ?
.although it has been proven to have good reliability, two psychiatrists indecently diagnosed the same 100 patients -they disagreed and diagnosis was different using both ICD-11 and DSM-5 (cheniaux et al)
.poor validity -it is either over diagnosed in ICD-11 or under diagnosed in DSM-5 or both wrong (cheniaux et al)
