Ruminant and Porcine Thorax - Comparative Anatomy Flashcards
Describe the line of costal pleural reflection in the cow
from 8th costochondral junction to the middle of the 11th rib, reaches the angle of the 13th rib just below the edge of the iliocostalis muscle
Describe the line of costal pleural reflection in sheep
from 9th costochondral junction to the middle of the last rib, to the cranial border of transverse process of L1
Describe the line of costal pleural reflection in the goat
from 6th costochondral junction to the level of the ventral border of the last rib
Describe the mediastinum of the cow and goat
thick and intact
Describe the mediastinum of the sheep
weaker than cow/goat
stronger than the horse
Describe the unique features of the bovine right lung
the asymmetry of the right lung causes a deviation of both the cranial and caudal mediastinum from the left
the caudal part meets the diaphragm in a saggital plane that bisects the reticulum
(note relevance of Hardware Disease)
In which species is the cupula pleura present?
cows, sheep and horses
Where are the cardiac notches located in ruminants?
left: 3-5 ICS
right: 3-4 ICS
Describe the cranial lobes of the ruminant lungs
both cranial lobes are subdivided into cranial and caudal parts
Describe the cranial lobes of the lungs of pigs
only the left cranial lobe is subdivided into cranial and caudal parts
Which species have an additional tracheal bronchus?
ruminants and pigs
Describe the lobation of the bovine lungs
prominant intralobular lobation
Describe the lobulation of the goat’s lungs
less conspicuous intralobular lobation than the cow
Describe the lobation of the ovine lungs
barely any intralobular lobation
Describe the lobation of the porcine lung
intralobular lobation is less conspicuous
Describe borders of the caudal lung field of the bovine lung
cranial border: tricipital line
dorsal border: epaxial muscle
basal border of the lung ~3-4cm above the actual border of the lung
Name the blood vessels of the thorax in ruminants and pigs
left azygous vein
Describe the orientation of the ruminant heart
vertical
Describe the orientation of the porcine heart
oblique 45 degree angle
What are the ossa cordis and which species are they present in?
rings that surround the aorta in the bovine heart become ossified with age
Describe the pericardium of the ruminants
attached to the sternum by two sternopericardiac ligaments
Describe the ascending aorta and blood supply in ruminants
one major artery runs cranially - brachiocephalic trunk
Describe the coronary arteries in the ruminant in relative size to each other
left coronary artery is larger
Describe the coronary arteries in the pig in relative size to each other
right coronary artery is larger
Which lymph node of the ruminant neck is most relevant
caudal mediastinal lymph node
located between the esophagus and aorta
Describe the dorsal thoarcic lymph node group in cows
intercostal lymph node is constant in the cow
Is the thoacic aortic lymph node of the dorsal thoracic group constant in all species?
no - varies according to species
Describe the ventral thoracic lymph node group in ruminants
cranial sternal lymph node - all species
caidal sternal lymph node - constant in ruminants
Describe the ventral thoracic lymph node group in pigs
cranial sternal lymph node - all species
caidal sternal lymph node - inconsistent in pigs
Describe the cranial mediastinal lymoh node in cows
relatively large
Describe the middle mediastinal lymph node in cows
may be larger in cows
Describe the middle mediastinal lymph node in pigs
ABSENT in pigs
Describe the caudal mediastinal lymph node in ruminants
single and quite large
Which species have a right bronchial lymph node? Which do not?
present in cows
absent in sheep
Which species have a cranial bronchial lymph node?
only ruminants and pig
Which species have a middle bronchial lymph node? Which do not?
inconsistent in cows
absent in sheep
