Ruminant and Porcine Head - Comparative Anatomy

Question 1

Describe the caudal frontal sinus of the bovine

Answer 1

larger than the cranial frontal sinus
extends into corneal process of the frontal lobe and forms the cornual diverticulum

Question 2

Is the maxillary sinus of the cow divided?

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

What compartments is the frontal sinus divided into in small ruminants?

Answer 3

medial and lateral compartments - lateral is larger

Question 4

Which compartment of the frontal sinus in small ruminats corresponds to the caudal frontal sinus of the bovine?

Answer 4

lateral fronal sinus
also provides the extension into the horn core

Question 5

Describe the frontal sinus of the pig

Answer 5

excavated the entire dorsal surface of the skull caudal to the nasal bone - protects the brain

Question 6

Describe the pharynx of the pig

Answer 6

pharyngeal diverticulum, gets lerger with age
1cm long in piglets
3-4cm long in aults

Question 7

What is the nasolabial plate?

Answer 7

feature of the bovine nose
modified skin around nostrrils, extends to the margin of the upper lip

Question 8

Describe the lips of the cow

Answer 8

thick, relatively immobile and insensitive
upper lip is larger and overlaps the lower lip

Question 9

What is the planum nasale?

Answer 9

feature of the small ruminant nose
specialized skin area around the nostrils - narrow
has a philtrum

Question 10

Describe the lips of the small ruminant

Answer 10

more mobile than cattle
principle organ of prehension

Question 11

What is the planum rostrale?

Answer 11

feature of the porcine nose
modified area that forms part of the snout
fuses centrally with upper lip
bears short tactile hairs

Question 12

Describe the porcine snout

Answer 12

disk-like
mobile
rounded nostrils
supported by os rostri - set against the nasal septum and attaches levator labii superioris

Question 13

Describe the features of the upper lip of the pig

Answer 13

notched to accommodate the projecting canine tooth

Question 14

Describe the eyes of the pig

Answer 14

small, deeply placed
no tapetum lucidum

Question 15

Where is the lacrimal gland of the pig located?

Answer 15

at the ventromedial angle of the orbit
with the retobulbar muscles - engulfed by orbital venus sinus

Question 16

Describe the ears of the pig

Answer 16

oval and attached at the high caudal part of the head

Question 17

Describe the mouth of ruminants

Answer 17

roomy vestibule
oral cavity proper = large and narrow
hard palate has transverse ridges

Question 18

What is the main prehensile organ of the bovine?

Answer 18

the tongue!

Question 19

What is the torus linguae

Answer 19

caudal, raised part of the tongue - bovine

Question 20

Describe the lingual fossa

Answer 20

part of the bovine tongue
demarkates the beginning of the torus linguae

Question 21

Where are filiform papillae located on the bovine tongue

Answer 21

apex

Question 22

Where are conical lenticular papillae located on the bovine tongue?

Answer 22

on the torus lingaue

Question 23

Where are fungiform papillae found on the bovine tongue?

Answer 23

scattered ober the apex

Question 24

Where are vallate papillae found on the bovine tongue?

Answer 24

root

Question 25

Which lingual papillae are mechanical, which are sensory?

Answer 25

filiform and conical lenticular = mechanical
fungiform and vallate = sensory