Ruminant and Porcine Abdomen/GI - Comparative Anatomy Flashcards
Describe the cutaneous trunci muscle in ungulates
very extensive
What are the components of the superficial fascia of the trunk in ruminants?
contains cutaneous muscle
cranial preputial muscle
caudal preputial muscle
Is the yellow abdominal tunic present in all ungulates?
yes
Describe the paralumbar fossa in cattle
depression in the upper flank region to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
very noticeable in cows
Which nerves are innervate the paralumbar fossa?
T13, L1, and L2
What nerve is composed of L2, L3 and L4 and innervates the prepuce, scrotum and inguinal skin of ruminants?
middle preputial nerve
What structures in the ruminant are innervated by the cranial preputial nerves?
supplies the ventral abdominal skin, prepuce and scrotum
(ventral branch of cutaneous nerves)
What structures in the ruminant are innervated by L1 and L2?
skin of the cranial surface of the udder
What structure is innervated by L3 in the ruminant?
skin of the middle part of the udder + all glandular tissue of the udder
What side of median plane is the rumen located in?
left side
Describe the ruminant stomach (simply)
complex, composite
four chambers
Which component of the ruminant stomach is the largest?
the rumen
What does the rumen make contact with on the parietal surface?
diaphragm
left and ventral abdominal wall
What does the rumen make contact with on the visceral surface?
liver
intestine
omasum
abomasum
Where are ruminal papillae absent? Which species is the exception?
absent from the roof and pillars
except in sheep
What are ruminal grooves?
external depressions in the rumen
Describe the insular ruminis
only on the right side
bounded by the right longitudinal and accessory grooves
Describe the atrium ruminis
cranial part of the dorsal sac
Describe the recessus ruminis
cranial part of the ventral sac
What are pillars in the rumen?
internal representation of grooves
they are devoid of papillae
What pillar cooresponds to the cranial groove?
cranial pillar
What pillar corresponds with the caudal groove?
caudal pillar
What pillar corresponds to the right/left longitudinal pillars?
right/left longitudinal grooves
Which pillar corresponds to the U shaped ruminoreticular groove?
ruminoreticular fold
FOLD BECAUSE IT HAS PAPILLAE
Where does the superficial leaf of the greater omentum originate from in ruminants?
L longitudinal groove
Where does the superficial lead of the greater omentum insert in rumiants?
inserts onto the greater curvature of the abomasum, pylorus and descending duodenum
Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum originate from in ruminants?
R longitudinal groove
Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum insert in ruminants?
right surface of the atrium ruminis and descending duodenum
What is the omental bursa?
space between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum in ruminants
Describe the supraomental recess
spave in the peritoneal cavity of ruminants, dorsal to the deep leaf of the greater omentum
What is another name for the rumen
the paunch
What is another name for the reticulum
the honeycomb
What type of cells make up the reticulum
formed by reticular cells, lined by conical reticular papillae
In relation to the other components of the rumiant forestomach, where is the reticulum located?
it is the most cranial component of the forestomach, close to the diaphragm and L lobe of the liver (parietal surface)
What does the reticulum make contact with on the visceral surface?
makes contact with the rumen
Describe the gastric groove and its components
groove that links the forestomach to the gastric stoamach
1. reticular groove
2. omasal groove
3. abomasal groove
What is another name for the omasum?
many piles
Where is the omasum located?
right of the median plane
between the rumen and reticulum from the left and the liver and body wall from the right
Describe the general shape of the omasum
spherical and flattened
Where within the omasum is the omasal groove located?
toward the base
What guards the omaso-abomasal opening?
abomasal vela
What type of laminae are present in the omasum?
leaf-like, sickle-shaped omasal laminae
What is another name for the abomasum?
the true stomach
Describe the shape of the abomasum
J shaped
Where within the abdominal cavity is the abomasum?
lies on the floor of the abdomen
mostly on the right side
fundus is on the left
What type of mucosa is found within the abomasum?
glandular mucosa
What type of folds are found in the abomasum?
large oblique abomasal folds
What is the torus pyloricus?
projection from the lesser curvature
works with the pyloric sphincter to regulate flow from the abomasum to the duodenum
Which species is the torus pyloricus found in?
ruminants and porcine
Describe the stomach of the pig
simple stomach
quite large
Which side of the median plane is the porcine stomach on?
mostly on the left side
pyloric region is on the right
Does the porcine stomach make contact with the ventral abdominal wall?
yes - when full, it makes contact with the ventral abdominal wall on both sides
What is the diverticulum ventriculi in the porcine?
compare to the equine saccus ceacus
Does the cecum of ruminants have teniae coli or haustra?
NO
Does the porcine cecum have teniae coli or haustra?
yes
two teniae coli
What are the parts of the ruminant ascending colon?
proximal loop/sigmoid flexure
spiral loop
distal loop
Describe the shape of the spiral loop in the ruminant ascending colon
disc-like
spring like
What are the parts of the spiral loop of the ruminant asceding colon?
centripedal (clockwise)
central flexure junction
centrifugal (counter-clockwise)
Describe the shape of the spiral loop in the porcine ascending colon
conical spiral
pyrimidal
triangular
What side of the median plane is the spiral loop of the porcine ascending duodenum found on?
left side
What are the parts of the spiral loop of the porcine species?
centripedal = outer coils - two teniae coli
centrifugal = inner coils - smooth
Where are the jejunal lymphnodes located in the bovine?
between the coils of jejunum and last centrifugal coils
Where are the jejunal lymph nodes located in the ovine/caprine?
between the last centrifugal coil and first centripetal coil
Where is the liver located in ruminants?
right side
roated 90* - lies obliquely
left lobe = cranioventral
right lobe = caudodorsal
Describe the lobation of the ruminant liver
poor lobation
Describe the esophageal impression on the bovine liver, compared to the ovine
deep in bovine
shallow in ovine
Describe the papillary process of the ruminant liver
small and ill defined
Describe the caudate process of the caudate lobe in the bovine
rectangular
projects beyond the right border of the liver
Describe the shape of the caudate process of the caudate lobe in the ovine
triangular and non-projecting
In which animals is extensive contact between the liver and the abomasum retained throughout life?
sheep and goat
Describe the lobation and lobulation of the porcine liver
well lobated
lobulation is very distinct
Does the porcine liver make contact with the R kidney?
NO - which means no renal impression
Describe the shape/size of the pancreas of ruminants
small body
long R lobe
broad L lobe
Describe the size/shape of the porcine pancreas
R lobe small
L lobe large
In which species does the accessory pancreatic duct open into the minor duodenal papilla?
bovine and porcine
In which species does the major pancreatic duct open into the mahor duodenal papilla?
small ruminants
What is the spleen attached to in ruminants?
attached to the rumen
(phreniosplenic and gastrosplenic ligaments are vestigal)
Describe the shape of the bovine spleen
flattened
Describe the shape of the small ruminant spleen
flattened, rectangular or triangular
Describe the shape of the porcine spleen
long and narrow
Where are the kidneys located in ruminants
R T13-L5
L L3-L5
Describe the kindeys of small ruminants
bean shaped
renal crest and renal sinuses
similar to K9
Describe the kidneys of the bovine
lobated (18-20 lobes)
no renal crest
no renal pelvis
Describe the shape of the right kindey in the bovine
flat and oval
related ventrally to the colon and descending duodenum
Describe the shape of the left kindey in the bovine
twisted
displaced to the right by the rumen
Describe the porcine kindeys
no external, but internal lobation
flat and long
10 minor calyces, two major into a renal pelvis
Where are the porcine kidneys located?
at the same level
T13-L4
