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Large Animal Anatomy > Ruminant and Porcine Abdomen/GI - Comparative Anatomy > Flashcards

Ruminant and Porcine Abdomen/GI - Comparative Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the cutaneous trunci muscle in ungulates

A

very extensive

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2
Q

What are the components of the superficial fascia of the trunk in ruminants?

A

contains cutaneous muscle
cranial preputial muscle
caudal preputial muscle

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3
Q

Is the yellow abdominal tunic present in all ungulates?

A

yes

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4
Q

Describe the paralumbar fossa in cattle

A

depression in the upper flank region to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
very noticeable in cows

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5
Q

Which nerves are innervate the paralumbar fossa?

A

T13, L1, and L2

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6
Q

What nerve is composed of L2, L3 and L4 and innervates the prepuce, scrotum and inguinal skin of ruminants?

A

middle preputial nerve

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7
Q

What structures in the ruminant are innervated by the cranial preputial nerves?

A

supplies the ventral abdominal skin, prepuce and scrotum
(ventral branch of cutaneous nerves)

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8
Q

What structures in the ruminant are innervated by L1 and L2?

A

skin of the cranial surface of the udder

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9
Q

What structure is innervated by L3 in the ruminant?

A

skin of the middle part of the udder + all glandular tissue of the udder

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10
Q

What side of median plane is the rumen located in?

A

left side

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11
Q

Describe the ruminant stomach (simply)

A

complex, composite
four chambers

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12
Q

Which component of the ruminant stomach is the largest?

A

the rumen

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13
Q

What does the rumen make contact with on the parietal surface?

A

diaphragm
left and ventral abdominal wall

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14
Q

What does the rumen make contact with on the visceral surface?

A

liver
intestine
omasum
abomasum

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15
Q

Where are ruminal papillae absent? Which species is the exception?

A

absent from the roof and pillars
except in sheep

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16
Q

What are ruminal grooves?

A

external depressions in the rumen

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17
Q

Describe the insular ruminis

A

only on the right side
bounded by the right longitudinal and accessory grooves

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18
Q

Describe the atrium ruminis

A

cranial part of the dorsal sac

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19
Q

Describe the recessus ruminis

A

cranial part of the ventral sac

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20
Q

What are pillars in the rumen?

A

internal representation of grooves
they are devoid of papillae

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21
Q

What pillar cooresponds to the cranial groove?

A

cranial pillar

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22
Q

What pillar corresponds with the caudal groove?

A

caudal pillar

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23
Q

What pillar corresponds to the right/left longitudinal pillars?

A

right/left longitudinal grooves

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24
Q

Which pillar corresponds to the U shaped ruminoreticular groove?

A

ruminoreticular fold
FOLD BECAUSE IT HAS PAPILLAE

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25
Q

Where does the superficial leaf of the greater omentum originate from in ruminants?

A

L longitudinal groove

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26
Q

Where does the superficial lead of the greater omentum insert in rumiants?

A

inserts onto the greater curvature of the abomasum, pylorus and descending duodenum

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27
Q

Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum originate from in ruminants?

A

R longitudinal groove

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28
Q

Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum insert in ruminants?

A

right surface of the atrium ruminis and descending duodenum

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29
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A

space between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum in ruminants

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30
Q

Describe the supraomental recess

A

spave in the peritoneal cavity of ruminants, dorsal to the deep leaf of the greater omentum

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31
Q

What is another name for the rumen

A

the paunch

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32
Q

What is another name for the reticulum

A

the honeycomb

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33
Q

What type of cells make up the reticulum

A

formed by reticular cells, lined by conical reticular papillae

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34
Q

In relation to the other components of the rumiant forestomach, where is the reticulum located?

A

it is the most cranial component of the forestomach, close to the diaphragm and L lobe of the liver (parietal surface)

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35
Q

What does the reticulum make contact with on the visceral surface?

A

makes contact with the rumen

36
Q

Describe the gastric groove and its components

A

groove that links the forestomach to the gastric stoamach
1. reticular groove
2. omasal groove
3. abomasal groove

37
Q

What is another name for the omasum?

A

many piles

38
Q

Where is the omasum located?

A

right of the median plane
between the rumen and reticulum from the left and the liver and body wall from the right

39
Q

Describe the general shape of the omasum

A

spherical and flattened

40
Q

Where within the omasum is the omasal groove located?

A

toward the base

41
Q

What guards the omaso-abomasal opening?

A

abomasal vela

42
Q

What type of laminae are present in the omasum?

A

leaf-like, sickle-shaped omasal laminae

43
Q

What is another name for the abomasum?

A

the true stomach

44
Q

Describe the shape of the abomasum

A

J shaped

45
Q

Where within the abdominal cavity is the abomasum?

A

lies on the floor of the abdomen
mostly on the right side
fundus is on the left

46
Q

What type of mucosa is found within the abomasum?

A

glandular mucosa

47
Q

What type of folds are found in the abomasum?

A

large oblique abomasal folds

48
Q

What is the torus pyloricus?

A

projection from the lesser curvature
works with the pyloric sphincter to regulate flow from the abomasum to the duodenum

49
Q

Which species is the torus pyloricus found in?

A

ruminants and porcine

50
Q

Describe the stomach of the pig

A

simple stomach
quite large

51
Q

Which side of the median plane is the porcine stomach on?

A

mostly on the left side
pyloric region is on the right

52
Q

Does the porcine stomach make contact with the ventral abdominal wall?

A

yes - when full, it makes contact with the ventral abdominal wall on both sides

53
Q

What is the diverticulum ventriculi in the porcine?

A

compare to the equine saccus ceacus

54
Q

Does the cecum of ruminants have teniae coli or haustra?

A

NO

55
Q

Does the porcine cecum have teniae coli or haustra?

A

yes
two teniae coli

56
Q

What are the parts of the ruminant ascending colon?

A

proximal loop/sigmoid flexure
spiral loop
distal loop

57
Q

Describe the shape of the spiral loop in the ruminant ascending colon

A

disc-like
spring like

58
Q

What are the parts of the spiral loop of the ruminant asceding colon?

A

centripedal (clockwise)
central flexure junction
centrifugal (counter-clockwise)

59
Q

Describe the shape of the spiral loop in the porcine ascending colon

A

conical spiral
pyrimidal
triangular

60
Q

What side of the median plane is the spiral loop of the porcine ascending duodenum found on?

A

left side

61
Q

What are the parts of the spiral loop of the porcine species?

A

centripedal = outer coils - two teniae coli
centrifugal = inner coils - smooth

62
Q

Where are the jejunal lymphnodes located in the bovine?

A

between the coils of jejunum and last centrifugal coils

63
Q

Where are the jejunal lymph nodes located in the ovine/caprine?

A

between the last centrifugal coil and first centripetal coil

64
Q

Where is the liver located in ruminants?

A

right side
roated 90* - lies obliquely
left lobe = cranioventral
right lobe = caudodorsal

65
Q

Describe the lobation of the ruminant liver

A

poor lobation

66
Q

Describe the esophageal impression on the bovine liver, compared to the ovine

A

deep in bovine
shallow in ovine

67
Q

Describe the papillary process of the ruminant liver

A

small and ill defined

68
Q

Describe the caudate process of the caudate lobe in the bovine

A

rectangular
projects beyond the right border of the liver

69
Q

Describe the shape of the caudate process of the caudate lobe in the ovine

A

triangular and non-projecting

70
Q

In which animals is extensive contact between the liver and the abomasum retained throughout life?

A

sheep and goat

71
Q

Describe the lobation and lobulation of the porcine liver

A

well lobated
lobulation is very distinct

72
Q

Does the porcine liver make contact with the R kidney?

A

NO - which means no renal impression

73
Q

Describe the shape/size of the pancreas of ruminants

A

small body
long R lobe
broad L lobe

74
Q

Describe the size/shape of the porcine pancreas

A

R lobe small
L lobe large

75
Q

In which species does the accessory pancreatic duct open into the minor duodenal papilla?

A

bovine and porcine

76
Q

In which species does the major pancreatic duct open into the mahor duodenal papilla?

A

small ruminants

77
Q

What is the spleen attached to in ruminants?

A

attached to the rumen
(phreniosplenic and gastrosplenic ligaments are vestigal)

78
Q

Describe the shape of the bovine spleen

A

flattened

79
Q

Describe the shape of the small ruminant spleen

A

flattened, rectangular or triangular

80
Q

Describe the shape of the porcine spleen

A

long and narrow

81
Q

Where are the kidneys located in ruminants

A

R T13-L5
L L3-L5

82
Q

Describe the kindeys of small ruminants

A

bean shaped
renal crest and renal sinuses
similar to K9

83
Q

Describe the kidneys of the bovine

A

lobated (18-20 lobes)
no renal crest
no renal pelvis

84
Q

Describe the shape of the right kindey in the bovine

A

flat and oval
related ventrally to the colon and descending duodenum

85
Q

Describe the shape of the left kindey in the bovine

A

twisted
displaced to the right by the rumen

86
Q

Describe the porcine kindeys

A

no external, but internal lobation
flat and long
10 minor calyces, two major into a renal pelvis

87
Q

Where are the porcine kidneys located?

A

at the same level
T13-L4

Large Animal Anatomy (30 decks)

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