Ruminant and Porcine Abdomen/GI - Comparative Anatomy

Question 1

Describe the cutaneous trunci muscle in ungulates

Answer 1

very extensive

Question 2

What are the components of the superficial fascia of the trunk in ruminants?

Answer 2

contains cutaneous muscle
cranial preputial muscle
caudal preputial muscle

Question 3

Is the yellow abdominal tunic present in all ungulates?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

Describe the paralumbar fossa in cattle

Answer 4

depression in the upper flank region to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
very noticeable in cows

Question 5

Which nerves are innervate the paralumbar fossa?

Answer 5

T13, L1, and L2

Question 6

What nerve is composed of L2, L3 and L4 and innervates the prepuce, scrotum and inguinal skin of ruminants?

Answer 6

middle preputial nerve

Question 7

What structures in the ruminant are innervated by the cranial preputial nerves?

Answer 7

supplies the ventral abdominal skin, prepuce and scrotum
(ventral branch of cutaneous nerves)

Question 8

What structures in the ruminant are innervated by L1 and L2?

Answer 8

skin of the cranial surface of the udder

Question 9

What structure is innervated by L3 in the ruminant?

Answer 9

skin of the middle part of the udder + all glandular tissue of the udder

Question 10

What side of median plane is the rumen located in?

Answer 10

left side

Question 11

Describe the ruminant stomach (simply)

Answer 11

complex, composite
four chambers

Question 12

Which component of the ruminant stomach is the largest?

Answer 12

the rumen

Question 13

What does the rumen make contact with on the parietal surface?

Answer 13

diaphragm
left and ventral abdominal wall

Question 14

What does the rumen make contact with on the visceral surface?

Answer 14

liver
intestine
omasum
abomasum

Question 15

Where are ruminal papillae absent? Which species is the exception?

Answer 15

absent from the roof and pillars
except in sheep

Question 16

What are ruminal grooves?

Answer 16

external depressions in the rumen

Question 17

Describe the insular ruminis

Answer 17

only on the right side
bounded by the right longitudinal and accessory grooves

Question 18

Describe the atrium ruminis

Answer 18

cranial part of the dorsal sac

Question 19

Describe the recessus ruminis

Answer 19

cranial part of the ventral sac

Question 20

What are pillars in the rumen?

Answer 20

internal representation of grooves
they are devoid of papillae

Question 21

What pillar cooresponds to the cranial groove?

Answer 21

cranial pillar

Question 22

What pillar corresponds with the caudal groove?

Answer 22

caudal pillar

Question 23

What pillar corresponds to the right/left longitudinal pillars?

Answer 23

right/left longitudinal grooves

Question 24

Which pillar corresponds to the U shaped ruminoreticular groove?

Answer 24

ruminoreticular fold
FOLD BECAUSE IT HAS PAPILLAE

Question 25

Where does the superficial leaf of the greater omentum originate from in ruminants?

Answer 25

L longitudinal groove

Question 26

Where does the superficial lead of the greater omentum insert in rumiants?

Answer 26

inserts onto the greater curvature of the abomasum, pylorus and descending duodenum

Question 27

Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum originate from in ruminants?

Answer 27

R longitudinal groove

Question 28

Where does the deep leaf of the greater omentum insert in ruminants?

Answer 28

right surface of the atrium ruminis and descending duodenum

Question 29

What is the omental bursa?

Answer 29

space between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum in ruminants

Question 30

Describe the supraomental recess

Answer 30

spave in the peritoneal cavity of ruminants, dorsal to the deep leaf of the greater omentum

Question 31

What is another name for the rumen

Answer 31

the paunch

Question 32

What is another name for the reticulum

Answer 32

the honeycomb

Question 33

What type of cells make up the reticulum

Answer 33

formed by reticular cells, lined by conical reticular papillae

Question 34

In relation to the other components of the rumiant forestomach, where is the reticulum located?

Answer 34

it is the most cranial component of the forestomach, close to the diaphragm and L lobe of the liver (parietal surface)

Question 35

What does the reticulum make contact with on the visceral surface?

Answer 35

makes contact with the rumen

Question 36

Describe the gastric groove and its components

Answer 36

groove that links the forestomach to the gastric stoamach 1. reticular groove 2. omasal groove 3. abomasal groove

Question 37

What is another name for the omasum?

Answer 37

many piles

Question 38

Where is the omasum located?

Answer 38

right of the median plane between the rumen and reticulum from the left and the liver and body wall from the right

Question 39

Describe the general shape of the omasum

Answer 39

spherical and flattened

Question 40

Where within the omasum is the omasal groove located?

Answer 40

toward the base

Question 41

What guards the omaso-abomasal opening?

Answer 41

abomasal vela

Question 42

What type of laminae are present in the omasum?

Answer 42

leaf-like, sickle-shaped omasal laminae

Question 43

What is another name for the abomasum?

Answer 43

the true stomach

Question 44

Describe the shape of the abomasum

Answer 44

J shaped

Question 45

Where within the abdominal cavity is the abomasum?

Answer 45

lies on the floor of the abdomen mostly on the right side fundus is on the left

Question 46

What type of mucosa is found within the abomasum?

Answer 46

glandular mucosa

Question 47

What type of folds are found in the abomasum?

Answer 47

large oblique abomasal folds

Question 48

What is the torus pyloricus?

Answer 48

projection from the lesser curvature works with the pyloric sphincter to regulate flow from the abomasum to the duodenum

Question 49

Which species is the torus pyloricus found in?

Answer 49

ruminants and porcine

Question 50

Describe the stomach of the pig

Answer 50

simple stomach quite large

Question 51

Which side of the median plane is the porcine stomach on?

Answer 51

mostly on the left side pyloric region is on the right

Question 52

Does the porcine stomach make contact with the ventral abdominal wall?

Answer 52

yes - when full, it makes contact with the ventral abdominal wall on both sides

Question 53

What is the diverticulum ventriculi in the porcine?

Answer 53

compare to the equine saccus ceacus

Question 54

Does the cecum of ruminants have teniae coli or haustra?

Answer 54

NO

Question 55

Does the porcine cecum have teniae coli or haustra?

Answer 55

yes two teniae coli

Question 56

What are the parts of the ruminant ascending colon?

Answer 56

proximal loop/sigmoid flexure spiral loop distal loop

Question 57

Describe the shape of the spiral loop in the ruminant ascending colon

Answer 57

disc-like spring like

Question 58

What are the parts of the spiral loop of the ruminant asceding colon?

Answer 58

centripedal (clockwise) central flexure junction centrifugal (counter-clockwise)

Question 59

Describe the shape of the spiral loop in the porcine ascending colon

Answer 59

conical spiral pyrimidal triangular

Question 60

What side of the median plane is the spiral loop of the porcine ascending duodenum found on?

Answer 60

left side

Question 61

What are the parts of the spiral loop of the porcine species?

Answer 61

centripedal = outer coils - two teniae coli centrifugal = inner coils - smooth

Question 62

Where are the jejunal lymphnodes located in the bovine?

Answer 62

between the coils of jejunum and last centrifugal coils

Question 63

Where are the jejunal lymph nodes located in the ovine/caprine?

Answer 63

between the last centrifugal coil and first centripetal coil

Question 64

Where is the liver located in ruminants?

Answer 64

right side roated 90* - lies obliquely left lobe = cranioventral right lobe = caudodorsal

Question 65

Describe the lobation of the ruminant liver

Answer 65

poor lobation

Question 66

Describe the esophageal impression on the bovine liver, compared to the ovine

Answer 66

deep in bovine shallow in ovine

Question 67

Describe the papillary process of the ruminant liver

Answer 67

small and ill defined

Question 68

Describe the caudate process of the caudate lobe in the bovine

Answer 68

rectangular projects beyond the right border of the liver

Question 69

Describe the shape of the caudate process of the caudate lobe in the ovine

Answer 69

triangular and non-projecting

Question 70

In which animals is extensive contact between the liver and the abomasum retained throughout life?

Answer 70

sheep and goat

Question 71

Describe the lobation and lobulation of the porcine liver

Answer 71

well lobated lobulation is very distinct

Question 72

Does the porcine liver make contact with the R kidney?

Answer 72

NO - which means no renal impression

Question 73

Describe the shape/size of the pancreas of ruminants

Answer 73

small body long R lobe broad L lobe

Question 74

Describe the size/shape of the porcine pancreas

Answer 74

R lobe small L lobe large

Question 75

In which species does the accessory pancreatic duct open into the minor duodenal papilla?

Answer 75

bovine and porcine

Question 76

In which species does the major pancreatic duct open into the mahor duodenal papilla?

Answer 76

small ruminants

Question 77

What is the spleen attached to in ruminants?

Answer 77

attached to the rumen (phreniosplenic and gastrosplenic ligaments are vestigal)

Question 78

Describe the shape of the bovine spleen

Answer 78

flattened

Question 79

Describe the shape of the small ruminant spleen

Answer 79

flattened, rectangular or triangular

Question 80

Describe the shape of the porcine spleen

Answer 80

long and narrow

Question 81

Where are the kidneys located in ruminants

Answer 81

R T13-L5 L L3-L5

Question 82

Describe the kindeys of small ruminants

Answer 82

bean shaped renal crest and renal sinuses similar to K9

Question 83

Describe the kidneys of the bovine

Answer 83

lobated (18-20 lobes) no renal crest no renal pelvis

Question 84

Describe the shape of the right kindey in the bovine

Answer 84

flat and oval related ventrally to the colon and descending duodenum

Question 85

Describe the shape of the left kindey in the bovine

Answer 85

twisted displaced to the right by the rumen

Question 86

Describe the porcine kindeys

Answer 86

no external, but internal lobation flat and long 10 minor calyces, two major into a renal pelvis

Question 87

Where are the porcine kidneys located?

Answer 87

at the same level T13-L4