Equine Head - Applied Anatomy Flashcards
What is the facial crest used for?
important landmark for surgical interventions
What structure in the equine head is used for stomach intubation?
ventral nasal meatus
What are some concerns and considerations associated with the paranasal sinuses of the horse?
infection prone
used in dentistry
What are the surgical limits of the conchofrontal sinus?
rostrally: midway between the canthus and rostral end of the facial crest
medially: line ~2cm parallel to median plane
laterally: line passing through the supraorbital foramen
caudally: vertical line through zygomatic arch
Trephine sites of the frontal sinus
halfway between the medial angle of the eye and the midline
What are trephine sites?
used to inspect and/or flush the sinuses
Trephine site for the rostral maxillary sinus
25mm dorsal to the rostral end of the facial crest
Trephine site for the caudal maxillary sinus
same level as the rostral maxillary sinus’ trephine site but more caudal
What are the surgical limits of the maxillary sinus?
dorsally: line between the infraorbital foramen and medial palpebral commisure of the eye betware of nasolacrimal duct
ventrally: facial crest
What is contained within the maxillary sinus?
roots of the last three cheek teeth
What becomes blocked when there is inflammation, restricting communication between the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity?
nasomaxillary opening (middle nasal meatus)
How are the points/sharp edges that result from the anisognathous nature of the equine cheek teeth corrected?
floating
How can you tell a horse is 2 1/2 years old?
I1 erupts
How can you tell a horse is 5 years old?
all cups are presnt
I1 and I2 are level
How can you tell a horse is 6 years old?
I1 doesn’t have a cup
When do dental stars appear?
at 8 years of age
When does Galvayne’s groove appear?
at 10 years of age
How can we use the seven year hook to age a horse?
first appears at 7 years old
disappears at 9 years old
reappears at 11 years old
What condition results from laryngeal ventricle paralysis?
damage to the L recurrent laryngeal nerve - roaring
What is the condition that results from the Gutteral Pouch being compromised?
gutteral pouch tympany
How is gutteral pouch tympany corrected?
drained via Viborg’s Triangle
rostrally:caudal border of the mandible
dorsally: tendon of the sternocephalicus
caudally: lingofacial vein
What structures does the gutteral pouch have close relationships with?
Dorsally: foramen lacerum, CN IX-XII, internal carotid, sympathetic ganglion
Ventrally: external carotid, medial and lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
What part of the larynx is used as a site of surgical intervention?
cricothyroid membrane
What is the purpose of the venous sinuses within the equine head?
assist in venous return from the head during grazing
cooling mechanism
equalizes BP while head is moving
