Ruminant and Porcine Head - Applied Anatomy

Question 1

Common consequence of dehorning procedures

Answer 1

infectious sinusitis
caudal frontal sinus - bovine
lateral frontal sinus - horned goats

Question 2

How to treat infectious sinusitis in ruminants

Answer 2

puncture rostral to the horn or medial to the middle of the orbital rim

Question 3

Most common clinical involvement of sinuses in sheep

Answer 3

invasion by larvae of Oestrid flies

Question 4

Clinical signs of Oestrid flies in ovine sinuses

Answer 4

mucoid nasal dischage
later progresses to mucupurlent discharge with tinges of blood

Question 5

Considerations of the maxillary sinus during enucleation procesures in ruminants

Answer 5

diverticulum into the lacrimal bulla under the eye
lacrimal bulla is extremely thin walled and delicate

Question 6

What is a common reason for enucleation in ruminant species?

Answer 6

malignant squamous cell carcinoma

Question 7

What is the relevance of knowing the conformation of the chonae in the pig?

Answer 7

important when identifying deformities that arise due to atrophic rhinitis

Question 8

What should be considered about the frontal sinus of the pig when performing humane slaughter?

Answer 8

since it excavates the entire dorsal surface of the skull - the brain is well protected
consider elctrocution or CO2
shooting should be done at the intersection of the diagonal lines connecting the eyes with the base of the opposite ear
large pigs should be shot theough the occipital bone from behind

Question 9

Considerations of the the porcine pharynx when dozing with a syringe

Answer 9

vulnerable to perforation
only 2-5cm between the pharyngeal diverticulum and oropharynx

Question 10

Considerations of the larynx and laryngeal ventricle of the pig

Answer 10

impediments to intubation

Question 11

What is the role of the orbital venus sinus in the pig?

Answer 11

thermoregulation of brain temperature by conveying cool blood from the nasal cavity

Question 12

Where can the orbital venus sinus be accessed?

Answer 12

puncture at the medial angle of the eye between the globe and third eyelid

Question 13

Where can venipuncture be performed on the pig’s ear?

Answer 13

lateral vein

Question 14

What is a special consideration about the lingual fossa of ruminants?

Answer 14

potential portal for infection due to it’s thin, delicate epithelium