Ruminant and Porcine Neck - Comparative Anatomy

Question 1

In what breed of cattle is the dewlap prominent in?

Answer 1

Brahman cattle

Question 2

Describe the dewlap in cattle

Answer 2

pendulous skin found along the ventral neck

Question 3

What are tassels/waddles in goats?

Answer 3

paired skin appendages in the ventral neck present in some goats

Question 4

Is the nuchal ligament present in pigs?

Answer 4

NO

Question 5

What muscles cover the funicular part of the nuchal ligament in the bovine species?

Answer 5

rhomboideus and trapezius muscles

Question 6

Describe the laminar part of the nuchal ligament of rumiants

Answer 6

divided into cranial paired part that extends between the funicular part and 2-4th cervical bones
and an unpaired caudal part that extends from spinous process of T1 and spinous processes of C5-C7

Question 7

What part of the rhomboideus muscle is present in pigs - describe it?

Answer 7

capitis part - well developed in pigs

Question 8

What part of the rhomboideus muscle is present in ruminants?

Answer 8

cervicis part
note: thickened in zebu to form the hump

Question 9

What part of the sternocephalicus muscle is present in the cow?

Answer 9

sternomandibularis and sternomastoideus

Question 10

What part of the sternocephalicus muscle is present in goats?

Answer 10

sternomandibularis and sternomastoideus

Question 11

What part of the sternocephalicus is present in sheep?

Answer 11

sternomandibularis ONLY

Question 12

What part of the sternocephalicus is present in pigs?

Answer 12

sternomandibularis ONLY

Question 13

What part of the brachiocephalicus muscle is present in rumiants?

Answer 13

cleidoccipitalis and cleidomastoideus

Question 14

What part of the brachiocephalicus is present in pigs?

Answer 14

cleidooccipitalis and cleisomastoideus

Question 15

Describe the subclavius muscle of the pig

Answer 15

well developed

Question 16

Describe the subclavius muscle in the cow and sheep

Answer 16

vestigal
narrow band of muscle extending from the first costal cartilage to the deep face of the brachiocephalicus muscle

Question 17

Describe the subclavius muscle of the goat

Answer 17

better developed than the sheep

Question 18

How many groups of superficial cervical lymph nodes are there in the pig?

Answer 18

3 groups - dorsal, middle and ventral

Question 19

Are the superficial cervical lymph nodes present in all domestic species?

Answer 19

YES

Question 20

Describe the thyroid gland in the bovine species

Answer 20

flatter than the horse

Question 21

Describe the thyroid gland of the sheep and goat

Answer 21

two lobes are eliptical
more closely resemble the thyroid gland of the horse

Question 22

Describe the thyroid gland of the pig

Answer 22

two lobed are fused ventral to the trachea, located near the thoracic inlet

Question 23

Which deep lymph nodes of the neck are present in small ruminants

Answer 23

only the caudal group
NOTE: caudal group is present in all domestic animals except the dog

Question 24

What are the boundaries of the muscular groove in the ox and goat?

Answer 24

dorsally: cleidomastoideus
ventrally: sternomandibularis
medially and cranially: sternomastoideus